基于粗糙集的属性约简算法在农业机械中的应用

传统的利用区分矩阵进行属性约简算法,其时间复杂度和空间复杂度很大.近年来提出了各种启发式算法,其时间复杂度由原来指数级递增降到了平方级递增,但此算法并不能保证找到最优解.为此,提出了属性约简的改进算法,其在时间复杂度和空间复杂度上都降低很多,易于求出最优解.把此算法用于对一款农业机械的评估判断和规则提取,用VC++和SQL Server 2000进行实现,并通过专家数据验证其正确性.     

联合分析法在混合动力汽车产品定位中的应用研究

从消费者购买决策角度出发,利用联合分析法,构建我国市场A级混合动力汽车属性与水平模型,分析消费者购买混合动力汽车时赋予不同属性的相时重要性及属性水平的效用值,并模拟产品组合市场占有率情况,从而为混合动力汽车产品定位提供依据.     

Deficit irrigation based on drought tolerance and root signalling in potatoes and tomatoes

Agriculture is a big consumer of fresh water in competition with other sectors of the society. Within the EU-project SAFIR new water-saving irrigation strategies were developed based on pot, semi-field and field experiments with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), fresh tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and processing tomatoes as model plants. From the pot and semi-field experiments an ABA production model was developed for potatoes to optimize the ABA signalling; this was obtained by modelling the optimal level of soil drying for ABA production before re-irrigation in a crop growth model. The field irrigation guidelines were developed under temperate (Denmark), Mediterranean (Greece, Italy) and continental (Serbia, China) climatic conditions during summer. The field investigations on processing tomatoes were undertaken only in the Po valley (North Italy) on fine, textured soil. The investigations from several studies showed that gradual soil drying imposed by deficit irrigation (DI) or partial root zone drying irrigation (PRD) induced hydraulic and chemical signals from the root system resulting in partial stomatal closure, an increase in photosynthetic water use efficiency, and a slight reduction in top vegetative growth. Further PRD increased N-mineralization significantly beyond that from DI, causing a stay-green effect late in the growing season. In field potato and tomato experiments the water-saving irrigation strategies DI and PRD were able to save about 20-30% of the water used in fully irrigated plants. PRD increased marketable yield in potatoes significantly by 15% due to improved tuber size distribution. PRD increased antioxidant content significantly by approximately 10% in both potatoes and fresh tomatoes. Under a high temperature regime, full irrigation (FI) should be undertaken, as was clear from field observations in tomatoes. For tomatoes full irrigation should be undertaken for cooling effects when the night/day average temperature >26.5 °C or when air temperature >40 °C to avoid flower-dropping. The temperature threshold for potatoes is not clear. From three-year field drip irrigation experiments we found that under the establishment phase, both potatoes and tomatoes should be fully irrigated; however, during the later phases deficit irrigation might be applied as outlined below without causing significant yield reduction:

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Potatoes

°

After the end of tuber initiation, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

•

Fresh tomatoes

°

From the moment the 1st truce is developed, DI is applied at 85-80% of FI for two weeks. In the middle period, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

•

Processing tomatoes

°

From transplanting to fruit setting at 4th-5th cluster, the PRD and DI threshold for re-irrigation is when the plant-available soil water content (ASWC) equals 0.7 (soil water potential, Ψ_soil = −90 kPa). During the late fruit development/ripening stage, 10% of red fruits, the threshold for re-irrigation for DI is when ASWC = 0.5 (Ψ_soil = −185 kPa) and for PRD when ASWC (dry side) = 0.4 (Ψ_{soil, dry side} = −270 kPa).

The findings during the SAFIR project might be used as a framework for implementing water-saving deficit irrigation under different local soil and climatic conditions.     

基于SD模型的长沙市水资源承载力研究

基于长沙市水资源现状,为平衡居民生活用水、经济生产用水和环境生态用水之间的关系,运用系统动力学方法,建立长沙市水资源-人口-经济-生态环境的耦合系统,模型模拟了现状延续型、经济发展型、节水治污型和综合协调型四种发展模式,选取GDP、人口数量、居民生活需水量、经济需水总量、供需压力作为主要评价指标。结果表明:第一、二、三产业分别保持10%、12%、12%年增长率且节流治污情况与现状延续型保持一致的方案,供需压力将达到节流治污方案的两倍多;经济生产用水对水资源供需压力的影响远大于居民生活用水和环境生态用水;通过适当降低人均用水量来平衡因人口数量增长而增加的居民生活用水是可行的。     

冬小麦精准追肥机专家决策系统

为了实现小麦生长过程中的实时变量追肥,研究了光谱数据处理策略及目标追肥量的计算模型,开发了基于近地光谱探测技术的实时变量追肥专家决策系统,结合小麦冠层归一化植被指数(NDVI)、追肥机实际行进速度和肥料反馈量,双通道独立控制施肥机构的转速和开度,从而实时调整追肥量,实现精准变量追肥。试验结果表明,专家决策系统的控制精度达到90%以上,可以满足精准追肥的要求;拔节期,变量追肥比定量均匀施肥增施氮肥28 kg/hm2左右;变量施肥有利于改善小麦群体结构,降低产量差异性。     

基于图像处理的温室黄瓜霜霉病诊断系统

为进一步提高温室黄瓜霜霉病诊断的准确率,构建了一个基于图像处理的温室黄瓜霜霉病诊断系统。针对温室黄瓜栽培现场采集的病害图像,采用基于条件随机场(Conditional random fields,CRF)的图像分割方法进行病斑图像分割,并采用决策树模型扩展一元势函数,提高病斑图像分割的准确性;将分割后的病斑图像转换到HSV颜色空间并提取其颜色、纹理和形状等25个特征,利用粗糙集方法进行特征选择与优化;构建了基于径向基核函数的SVM分类器,准确地识别与诊断温室黄瓜霜霉病。系统试验验证结果表明,该系统采用的病斑分割方法,能够克服复杂背景和光照条件的影响,准确地提取病斑图像;采用粗糙集方法能够有效地选择分类特征,将25个初始特征减少到12个,提高了运行效率;黄瓜霜霉病识别准确率达到90%,能够满足设施蔬菜叶部病害诊断的需求。     

基于数据库的温室环境决策支持系统的设计与实现

用Delphi6．0编写构建了温室环境的决策支持系统。系统中的知识库、模型库和数据库以数据库为基础，采用Database Desktop来设计，有助于系统对知识、模型和相关数据的管理。对系统决策的过程采用基于数据库的方法进行编写，解决了温室环境智能决策过程中推理困难的问题，同时提高了决策的准确程度。     

陡山灌区实时灌溉预报研究

介绍了参考作物腾发量和实际作物腾发量的实时预报及修正方法 ,结合陡山灌区实际资料 ,分别针对主要旱作物和水稻建立了实时灌溉预报模型 ,并对模型各参数进行了率定 ,特别针对参考作物腾发量预报模型中 A0 的确定进行了分析 ,给出了更合理的 A0 取值方法。基于可视化语言开发灌溉配水实时决策支持系统 ,该系统界面友好 ,操作简单 ,实用性强 ,利于推广。     

灌溉预报与节水灌溉决策专家系统研究

从节水灌溉的基本原理入手，分析灌溉预报中的各个参量，提出了节水灌溉决策的依据、方法及评价标准。介绍了灌溉预报决策专家系统中由框架库、规则组库和黑板3部分组成的综合知识体结构的知识表示技术。     

水培番茄、黄瓜营养液管理专家系统的构建

针对无土栽培的技术核心——营养液管理，构建了水培番茄、黄瓜的营养液管理专家系统，以促进无土栽培技术在中国大面积的推广和应用。该文详细介绍了该专家系统的设计目标、结构和功能设计的过程以及知识库的构成；构建了番茄、黄瓜在不同生育期对氮、磷、钾、钙等大量元素的吸收模型，组成动态模型库；优化了番茄、黄瓜在逆境(高温、低温、寡照等)生长条件下对营养液的管理。在大量搜集水培知识和营养液管理数据的基础上，基本实现了对水培番茄、黄瓜不同生育期的营养液浓度(EC)，酸碱度(pH)，氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)等营养元素浓度，以及营养液温度、溶解氧浓度的管理和决策。