金枪鱼肉降解用高产蛋白酶菌株的筛选及鉴定

采用透明圈法从舟山普陀白山土壤中筛选出3株能分泌胞外蛋白酶的菌株,并对蛋白酶活力最高的菌株进行分子鉴定及最适宜生长条件分析。选择福林酚试剂法测定其蛋白酶活力,对蛋白酶活力最高的菌株进行16S r RNA基因测序,用MEGA软件构建系统发育树,并考察其接种量、温度、时间对该菌株产酶活力的影响。结果表明,zjoub-1菌为高产蛋白酶菌属,并确定为枯草芽孢杆菌。该菌株用于金枪鱼暗色肉发酵时的最适宜条件为接种量2%、pH 7.4、温度37℃、时间48 h。在此生长条件下,菌株产蛋白酶活力最高,为49.21 U/m L,能够有效地降解金枪鱼暗色肉。     

暗培养温度对吉塞拉6号离体新梢生根的影响

以在增殖培养基上生长3~4周的甜樱桃矮化砧木吉塞拉6号离体新梢为试材,研究20℃、25℃、30℃和35℃条件下暗培养后离体新梢的生根状况。结果表明,在黑暗诱导生根阶段,20℃效果最好;其次为25℃和30℃,35℃会抑制生根。30℃最有利于根的生长,25℃和35℃次之,20℃根的生长速度最慢。     

小麦赤霉病菌拮抗菌筛选及最适培养条件初步研究

Fusarium head blight is one of the most important diseases in the world and is a major disease on wheat in China. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate antagonistic bacteria with strong inhibitory effects on F. graminearum, and to provide theoretical basis for biological control of FHB. Endophytic strains were screened by plate confrontation and were identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Among seven isolated antagonistic strains, WJ-2 was the best one with 15.4 mm bacteriostatic circle in diameter. Through analysis on 16S rDNA sequence and physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain WJ-2 was preliminarily identified as Bacillus subtilis.     

一种黑茶不同提取物中氟生物有效性研究

以Caco-2细胞为模型,对比分析了一种黑茶不同提取物中氟的吸收转运及生物有效性。结果表明,黑茶不同提取物组分中氟含量差异明显,粗茶多糖组分（RTP）氟含量最高,是水提取物（TE）氟含量的2.17倍,RTP经水透析后得到的透析多糖（DTP）氟含量则显著降低,仅为RTP氟含量的1/22,TE氟含量的1/10。来自3种茶提取物中的氟以及氟化钠（NaF）中的氟在Caco-2细胞模型中的正向和逆向转运都有时间和浓度剂量效应,随着时间的延长、浓度升高而显著增加;处理1 h后,NaF处理组细胞对氟正向和逆向转运量最高,DTP中氟的正向和逆向转运量最低,与其他各处理达到显著水平,TE和RTP处理间差异不明显。表观渗透系数（P_app）随处理时间延长呈下降趋势,其中,NaF中的氟的P_app在4 h各阶段都大于1×10^-5 cm·s^-1,说明其生物有效性良好,易于吸收;TE和RTP氟处理2 h后,P_app下降至小于1×10^-5 cm·s^-1,说明其生物有效性中等;DTP氟处理各阶段P_app都最小,在处理1 h后下降至小于1×10^-5 cm·s^-1,提示其吸收性最弱,生物有效性最差。NaF、TE以及DTP中的氟在所试浓度范围内,是以被动扩散为主,而RTP氟在较高浓度存在主动转运形式。由此可见,在小肠吸收模型中,黑茶提取物中的氟较NaF中的氟生物利用度低,而茶叶中氟的结合形式影响其生物有效性。     

Fungal Endophytes Enhance Agronomically Important Traits in Severely Drought‐Stressed Barley

Crops often face severe and damaging local drought events, and in some regions, these episodes are predicted to become more frequent due to climate change. Some micro‐organisms have been shown to improve drought tolerance and improve yield in crop plants. Here, we show that fungal root endophytes isolated from a wild barley species (Hordeum murinum subsp. murinum) induced significant improvements in agronomic traits for a severely drought‐stressed barley cultivar grown in a controlled environment, including number of tillers, grain yield and shoot biomass. Five endophyte strains were tested, and the trait that showed the greatest significant difference in the drought‐stressed plants was the number of tillers, where all of the endophyte treatments induced a greater number of tillers per plant. However, except in one case, the mean dry root weight for all plants was greater in the control plants, indicating preferential allocation of resources to aboveground parts in the endophyte treatments. Results were not consistent across all endophyte treatments, with some endophytes performing much better than others. As these growth studies were conducted using soil‐based compost, the results may translate to the field and suggest that some of these endophytes have potential as barley inoculants in arid growing conditions.     

Biodiversity of endophytic fungi from seven herbaceous medicinal plants of Malnad region,Western Ghats,southern India

A total of 3611 fungal isolates were recovered from 4200 leaf segments incubated from 7 medicinal herbs during monsoon, winter and summer seasons. These fungal isolates belonged to teleomorphic Asco-mycota （23.5%）, anamorphic Ascomycota producing conidiomata （17.4%）, anamorphic Ascomycota without conidiomata （46.9%）, Zygo-mycota （1.42%） and sterile forms （10.6%）. Chaetomium globosum, As-pergillus niger, Aureobasidium pullulans, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Pestalotiopsis spp., Trichoderma viridae, Cladosporium cladosporioides, were frequently isolated from more than one host plant. The number of endophytic isolates was higher in winter than in monsoon and summer seasons.     

低温敏水稻不育系IVA育性转换条件研究

IVA属低温敏感型雄性不育系,育性转换的温度敏感期为花粉母细胞形成中期至单核花粉期,光照长度对其育性无明显影响。温敏期的平均夜温是影响育性的主导因子,其临界值是20℃,此值在不同海拔高度条件下有差异;温敏期日均温临界值在低海拔点为24℃,在高海拔点略有降低。IVA的生育期感温性甚弱,在不同海拔点有较稳定的生育期。     

Immune challenge of mating effort: steroid hormone profile,dark ventral patch and parasite burden in relation to intrasexual competition in male Iberian red deer

Testosterone secretion may regulate the reproductive effort and the development of sexual traits, but it may also involve costs at the immunological and metabolic levels. However, the evidence for this trade‐off in wild populations is scarce. Cortisol also plays an important role in mediating the reproductive and immune functions. In this study, we analyzed whether the endoparasite burden relates to hormonal levels (fecal testosterone and cortisol metabolites) and/or morphological sexual traits (size of the dark ventral patch, a trait that indicates reproductive effort in males) in male Iberian red deer. For this purpose, we sampled male red deer harvested during hunting actions in 2 types of populations in south western Spain that differed in structure, affecting the level of male–male competition for mates. We used coprological analyses to estimate the parasite burden mainly of gastrointestinal and bronchopulmonary nematodes and of protozoa, and assessed testosterone and cortisol metabolite levels from fecal pellets. We found a positive relationship of host parasitation with both testosterone levels and the size of the dark ventral patch, but these relationships depended on the intensity of male–male competition in the population, being only found under the high‐competition scenario. These results are discussed under the hypothesis of the testosterone immunocompetence handicap, suggesting a cost at the immunological level, and, therefore, higher susceptibility to parasite infection in males that make a greater reproductive effort. However, this effect seems to be modulated by the social environment (male–male competition) that might lead to different optima in testosterone production and sexual trait development.     

暗处理和钾营养对水稻~(14)CO_2同化及其产物输出的影响

在两种钾水平下,研究了暗处理对缺钾敏感品种的~(14)CO_2同化及同化产物输出的影响。结果表明,经暗处理后,水稻植株对CO_2的固定,孕穗期在两种钾水平下均明显下降;灌浆期低钾植株CO_2固定明显降低。常量钾处理的标记植株的总放射性活度高于低钾处理的植株,并随暗处理时间的缩短而增加,光与钾有助于光合产物向谷粒中分布。叶片中糖含量,灌浆期多于孕穗期。在自然光照下,常量钾植株的含糖量多于低钾处理,暗处理则低钾多于常量钾处理。叶片中ATP含量,在正常光照与暗处理下低钾处理均高于常量钾处理。暗处理与人工24小时光照使标记叶光合产物的输出量减少,而钾营养则促进光合产物的输出。     

新疆野生巴旦杏的组织培养和植株再生

本研究以生长在新疆北部塔城地区裕民县巴尔鲁克山的野生巴旦杏树当年结的种子为试材，采用赤霉素24h处理打破休眠，之后使用常规法消毒后接种于诱导培养基上。生长约一个月后，将由试管中种子培养长成的小植株剪切成长约1cm的单芽茎段，接人增殖培养基增殖培养。野巴旦杏行实生及根茎繁殖，在离体繁殖条件下很难生根，本实验采用100mg／LIBA进行浸渍处理60min后，再接入1／2MS培养基中培养，初期暗处理2周后置于白炽光下培养生根率可达100％。而后生根的试管苗在珍珠岩基质中培养，进行有效的移栽驯化管理，获得了较理想的移栽成活率。成功地进行了野巴旦杏离体组织培养及植株再生。