Effects of Yuzu (Citrus junos) Peel from Waste as an Aquaculture Feed Supplement on Growth,Environmental Load,and Dark Muscle Discoloration in Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata

Beneficial utilization of yuzu (Citrus junos) peel was investigated to improve the commercial value of cultured yellowtail fish. The antioxidant effects of grated yuzu peel from pomace (yuzu paste) on prevention of dark muscle discoloration during storage in sliced yellowtail fish were tested. Four diets were prepared, containing 0, 10, 50, and 100 g yuzu paste in a 1,450-g diet (wet basis). Fish were fed one of the four diets for 10 weeks. Growth performance was not significantly different among the dietary groups, but fish fed a diet containing 100-g yuzu paste showed the least average body weight and a significant increase in fecal amount and fat levels in the feces, which suggest low digestibility and low absorption. Dark muscle discoloration was significantly reduced in all yuzu dietary groups compared to the control group during storage at 4°C. The optimal supplementation of yuzu paste in the fish diet is very effective at maintaining fish flesh freshness as a finishing diet without causing additional phosphorus or nitrogen pollution of the sea and inhibiting fish growth. This study provides a new way to utilize waste yuzu peel, which also helps reduce waste from yuzu processing.     

用凝胶电泳法研究小麦叶片衰老期间的内肽酶同工酶

采用SDS－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS－PAGE）和梯度凝胶电泳方法，研究了小麦旗叶暗诱导衰老过程中内肽酶同工酶的变化。发现用SDS－PAGE法几科检测不到新的内肽酶同工酶；用梯度凝胶电泳法则能检测到6种新的同工酶，而且在第一叶自然衰老过程中也能检测到。表明在这两种衰老过程中内肽酶酶谱变化基本相似。     

超级早稻中早39叠盘暗出苗机插育秧模式增产机理和操作规程

2011-2015年浙江省诸暨市对中早39进行了叠盘暗出苗机插育秧模式试验、示范和推广应用,经5年的试验、示范,明确了中早39叠盘暗出苗机插育秧模式的主要优点和增产机理,总结出了中早39叠盘暗出苗机插育秧技术的操作规程。     

黑茶茶多酚类物质的提取及其抗氧化性能研究

以湖南安化天尖、茯砖及广西六堡3种黑茶为考察对象,研究黑茶中茶多酚的提取工艺以及抗氧化性能。针对超声波不同提取条件,采用正交试验,确定黑茶中茶多酚的最佳提取工艺条件;采用清除二苯代苦味酰自由基(DPPH)的能力和邻苯三酚自氧化体系来评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明:采用超声波热水复合浸提法提取黑茶中茶多酚的最佳提取条件为超声波提取功率250 W,提取固液比1∶25,提取温度55℃,提取时间45min,茯砖黑茶中茶多酚的提取率5.21%;同时测得茯砖黑茶具有较好的抗氧化能力,对DPPH自由基有较强的清除能力,但与维生素C(VC)相比,其抗氧化能力比VC的能力弱;其清除超氧阴离子自由基能力的IC50为0.507μg/mL。     

The roles of light and pericarp on seed dormancy and germination in feral Raphanus sativus (Brassicaceae)

The timing of seed germination may determine the success of a weed species in an agroecosystem, and its expression is modulated by environmental conditions, but also by seed physiology and anatomy. The aims of this study were to investigate the roles of light, pericarp, dry storage and cold stratification on seed dormancy and germination in feral radish, a troublesome agricultural weed in temperate zones of the Americas that reduces crop yields. To this end, we used isolated intact pods and extracted seeds to test germination over time under contrasting temperature, light and storage conditions. Here, we showed that fresh seeds were non‐dormant, but that light and the presence of the pericarp reduced germination, especially under low temperatures. The pericarp reduced the final water content absorbed by seeds inside pods and decreased absorption/dehydration rates. The pericarp showed several small lignified cell layers in the endocarp, and x‐ray images displayed the lack of space between the partially embedded seed and the endocarp. Dry storage and cold stratification were ineffective in breaking the dormancy imposed by the pericarp. The apparent requirement for darkness and the mechanical restriction of the pericarp may have the potential to induce dormancy, spreading the timing of seed germination over a more extended period and hindering the control of feral radish.     

内生菌醇提取物对水稻抗稻瘟病的诱导作用

本文研究内生菌醇提取物WS对水稻稻瘟病的诱导抗性,在水稻3叶1心期喷施3种浓度WS,通过诱导抗病效果筛选WS最佳使用浓度,同时研究最佳浓度对水稻相关抗病防御酶活性的影响.结果表明,浓度50 ng/mL WS喷雾处理时诱导抗病效果最佳,病情指数降低12.89,诱导效果达到55.5％.能够显著提高PAL、PPO、几丁质酶活性,PAL活性高于CK处理30.28％,PPO、几丁质酶活性分别是CK处理的1.18、1.70倍.     

不同表面消毒方法对核桃叶内生菌分离效果的比较

摘 要：【研究目的】表面消毒是植物内生菌分离的关键步骤之一,不同的表面消毒方法不仅会影响表面消毒效果,对内生菌的分离效果也有一定影响。本文分析比较了几种不同的表面消毒方法下分离获得的内生菌数量及种类。【方法】采用传统的分离方法,即真菌用组织块法,细菌用稀释梯度法进行分离。【结果】结果表明无论是内生真菌还是内生细菌二氧化氯方法处理下获得的内生菌种类最多。即二氧化氯法获真菌6株,鉴定为5个属,细菌37株,鉴定为11个属种（其中包括1个放线菌属）;次氯酸钠法获真菌8株,鉴定为3个属,细菌4株,鉴定为3个属种;升汞法获真菌3株,鉴定为3个属,细菌1株,为未知种。从分离内生菌的数量上比较,二氧化氯方法分离获得的细菌数显著性的多于其他两种方法,由多到少依次为二氧化氯法、次氯酸钠法、升汞法。【结论】二氧化氯表面消毒更适合进行内生菌多样性研究,但不同的表面消毒方法会获得不同的机会菌株。     

控温渥堆对黑毛茶香气品质的影响

对传统渥堆与45℃、50℃控温渥堆的黑毛茶进行感官品质评价,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术（HS-SPME-GC-MS）结合主成分分析法（PCA）和偏最小二乘判别分析法（PLS-DA）对挥发性成分进行比较分析。结果表明,与传统渥堆和50℃控温渥堆相比,45℃控温渥堆黑毛茶香气的愉悦感、纯正度和浓度更好,杂异气味少。在传统及控温渥堆中共获得24种关键性差异挥发性成分,其中α-柏木烯、新植二烯、橄榄醇、δ-杜松醇、香芹酚、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、(Z)-7-十六碳烯醛、反式-β-紫罗兰酮等关键性差异挥发性成分在控温渥堆中的相对含量显著高于传统渥堆。研究结果可为改善黑毛茶香气品质提供参考。     

Hide and seek – Infection rates and alkaloid concentrations of Epichloë festucae var. lolii in Lolium perenne along a land‐use gradient in Germany

The common forage grass Lolium perenne has evolved with the systemic fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae var. lolii. The endophyte provides herbivore resistance to the grass due to defensive alkaloids, some of which are toxic to grazing livestock. In this field study, we determine whether distribution of the endophyte‐grass association changes along a land‐use intensity gradient on 87 managed grasslands in three German regions. Endophyte infections were detected in 66% of the studied sites and infection rates within infected sites ranged from 1% to 95%. Alkaloid concentrations of lolitrem B (vertebrate toxin) exceeded the toxicity thresholds in 50 (14%) of 351 infected plants and of peramine (invertebrate deterrent/toxin) in 12 (3%) of 351 plants. Infection rates and alkaloid concentrations were not significantly affected by land‐use intensity and region, but alkaloid concentrations were higher in summer compared to spring. We conclude that risks for livestock intoxication are currently low, as (i) average alkaloid concentrations per grassland were always below toxicity thresholds and as (ii) none of the grasslands was dominated by L. perenne. We suggest avoidance of grass monocultures in Europe to keep intoxication risks for livestock low; we also recommend regular examination of seeds and grasslands, as seed producers might accidentally distribute infected seeds, and as climate warming might further enhance the distribution of Epichloë endophytes in European grasslands.     

红土晒烟品种比较试验

以保山地区大面积种植的红土晒烟品种拉茄为对照,对不同种源的肯那、歪尾巴、沂水香烟、Va309等4个品种进行比较试验,通过生物学性状、农艺性状、外观质量的观察比较和对产量、产值的方差分析结果:参试品种均不及对照品种拉茄;歪尾巴、肯那综合性状表现相对较好,接近拉茄;而沂水香烟、Va309明显较差。