丛枝菌根真菌及深色有隔内生真菌对大田生姜生长效应分析

为探讨施用丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi,AMF)及深色有隔内生真菌(Dark Septate Endophytes,DSE)菌剂对生姜生长的影响,以生姜为研究对象,选择AMF菌剂、DSE菌剂以及AMF+DSE混合菌剂进行大田试验,于生姜发根期采集生姜根系样品,进行根系侵染检测,...     

Seasonal Changes in Rigor Development and Flesh Texture of Wild Japanese Sea Bass (Lateolabrax japonicus)

The season for finding the firmest sashimi made from wild Japanese sea bass was investigated. Flesh rigor tension and contraction were measured by a “new” device with isometric (muscle length kept constant) and isotonic (balance beam moves freely) transducers. Both flesh rigor tension and contraction peaks appeared at the same postmortem times, with attainment of ultimate pH and adenosine triphosphate/inosine monophosphate ratio in four seasons. Seasonal seawater temperature correlated negatively to seasonal maximum rigor contraction and positively to seasonal flesh breaking strength at 72 h postmortem. After rigor peak tension attainment, the tension relaxation was much lower than that of other wild fish species, especially in summer. The sea bass muscle resisted structure disruption in rigor isometric tension generation. Wild sea bass sashimi was firmest in breaking strength in summer.     

Effects of Yuzu (Citrus junos) Peel from Waste as an Aquaculture Feed Supplement on Growth,Environmental Load,and Dark Muscle Discoloration in Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata

Beneficial utilization of yuzu (Citrus junos) peel was investigated to improve the commercial value of cultured yellowtail fish. The antioxidant effects of grated yuzu peel from pomace (yuzu paste) on prevention of dark muscle discoloration during storage in sliced yellowtail fish were tested. Four diets were prepared, containing 0, 10, 50, and 100 g yuzu paste in a 1,450-g diet (wet basis). Fish were fed one of the four diets for 10 weeks. Growth performance was not significantly different among the dietary groups, but fish fed a diet containing 100-g yuzu paste showed the least average body weight and a significant increase in fecal amount and fat levels in the feces, which suggest low digestibility and low absorption. Dark muscle discoloration was significantly reduced in all yuzu dietary groups compared to the control group during storage at 4°C. The optimal supplementation of yuzu paste in the fish diet is very effective at maintaining fish flesh freshness as a finishing diet without causing additional phosphorus or nitrogen pollution of the sea and inhibiting fish growth. This study provides a new way to utilize waste yuzu peel, which also helps reduce waste from yuzu processing.     

应用超声波破碎苏云金芽孢杆菌试验

用超声波对一定浓度的苏云金芽孢杆菌的营养细胞和芽孢进行破碎试验,结果表明:在试验条件下,超声波破碎达到95%以上的破碎率所需时间为30~50min,尤其是菌液浓度为每毫升50亿,用Φ10变幅杆破碎,40min破碎率可达99.9%。而细菌的芽孢,无论是采用幅杆Φ6或Φ10,其破碎效果不明显。     

Evaluating Modified Atmospheric Correction Methods for Landsat Imagery: Image‐Based and Model‐Based Calibration Methods

Abstract

To increase the accuracy of remotely sensed data for agricultural forecasting, pixel values must be corrected for atmospheric effects and converted to spectral reflectance. The objective of this research was to compare two atmospheric correction methods of Landsat imagery under a range of atmospheric conditions. Ground‐based dark‐object subtraction (GDOS) is an image‐based calibration method that used in situ ground data that the dark‐object subtraction (DOS) method did not use, whereas atmospheric calibration (AC) is a model‐based calibration method that required a standard atmospheric profile refined with the use of in situ atmospheric data. GDOS and AC methods improved the reflectance values and had relationships with measured bands, which were approximately 1 to 1 in all bands. However, the GDOS generally had lower root‐mean‐square errors (RMSE) than AC. Data from this study suggest that at the present time the GDOS method may be more accurate than the AC method.     

巴旦木分级破壳机设计与试验

为解决巴旦木破壳机械生产效率低、破壳率低和核仁损伤量大等问题，通过研究坚果破壳原理，选用适宜机械加工的大巴旦木（‘莎车3号’）为研究对象,设计了巴旦木分级破壳机，同时进行巴旦木尺寸、破壳力加载方向及加载速度、巴旦木含水率的物料特性分析。结果表明：破壳机破壳辊间隙和含水率对巴旦木破壳力和变形量影响显著。使用试验法优化了巴旦木分级破壳机构工作参数，当两轧辊间距离调整为Ⅰ级14 mm、Ⅱ级13 mm和Ⅲ级12 mm，含水率控制在9.8%～10.5%范围内，转速为1 000 r·min^-1时，测得平均破壳率为95.57%，平均破损率为3.37%，满足实际生产需求。     

红土晒烟品种比较试验

以保山地区大面积种植的红土晒烟品种拉茄为对照,对不同种源的肯那、歪尾巴、沂水香烟、Va309等4个品种进行比较试验,通过生物学性状、农艺性状、外观质量的观察比较和对产量、产值的方差分析结果:参试品种均不及对照品种拉茄;歪尾巴、肯那综合性状表现相对较好,接近拉茄;而沂水香烟、Va309明显较差。     

核桃试管苗生根培养的研究

以新疆绵核桃为试材,对继代培养无根试管苗的生根进行了研究.结果表明：生根诱导方法、外源IBA水平及IBA处理时间、光周期以及试管苗发育状态等均对不定根发生具有明显影响.选取生长旺盛、节间较长,叶片嫩绿的幼态苗,采用间接诱导生根法,即用50～80 mg/L IBA浸渍处理试管苗基部60～90 min,然后转至不含生长调节物质的1/2 DKW培养基,先黑暗诱导14 d,再在16 h/d光照下培养,可诱导试管苗生根率达60%以上.     

Effects of disturbance on regeneration of Abies fabri forests at the upper reaches of the Yangtze River

Mudflow is the principal disturbance in Abies fabri forests. In the Gongga Mountain areas of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the intensities and periodicity of different scale mudflows vary. Small-scale mudflows are more frequent, occurring every one or two years while large-scale mudflows may occur once in more than one hundred years. Through a field study of A. fabri forests during different stages of growth, we analyzed their structural characteristics and discovered that after different sizes of mud-flow, poplar and birch often occupy the dominant canopy at the expense of the slow growing A. fabri, for only a small number of saplings are A. fabri that occurs in the first regeneration stage. However, a large number of seed resources can be found in mature A. fabri forests and as a unique regeneration species, A. fabri will gradually replace all the other species and form a stable community of strong shade-tolerant trees. Because of the intimate relationship between growing conditions and soil and water conservation at the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, we should carry out some artificial measurements to control and promote the slow regeneration process of A. fabri.     

刺楸种子打破休眠和变温催芽试验

通过对刺楸进行打破休眠和变温催芽试验,研究了刺楸种子深度休眠的机理和催芽方法,结果表明:引起深度休眠的主要原因是种胚发育不完全,尚需一定的时间和温度条件才能完成种胚的发育,种子采收后须立即用湿河沙堆藏,层积处理的天数不少于120d。