RFID技术在危险品物流管理中的应用

随着我国科学技术的不断发展,工业化的进程也在不断的推进,诸多工业性的发展规模正在日益扩大,危险物品的有效管理要求也在不断的增加,对危险品进行物流管理是十分重要的一项工作内容,它对人们的生命安全、财产安全以及社会的稳定性都有着巨大的影响,而我国的该项发展才刚刚起步,对危险物品的物流管理还需要进行更加深入的研究。因此,文章将RFID技术作为主要的研究对象,对目前我国对危险物品物流管理的现状进行了详细的研究,对RFID技术在危险物品中物流管理方面的应用进行了分析和探讨。     

基于ITS和trnL-F序列的具有优良性状蕉类资源的遗传结构分析

为了构建广西具有优良性状的蕉类遗传结构,本研究收集了广西7个不同地理来源的5大种类具有优良性状的蕉类资源,利用PCR技术将这些蕉类资源细胞核DNA的ITS序列及叶绿体DNA的trnL-F序列进行扩增和测序,并对测序所获得的序列进行STRUCTURE分类、PCoA排序、AMOVA分析、群体遗传分化(F_ST指数)及基于NJ树和UPGMA树的聚类分析,进一步研究蕉类资源遗传变异分布和遗传变异水平。STRUCTURE结果显示:当K=2时,Delta K出现了最高的峰值,即将个体分为2个类别最合适,大蕉中的多数和野蕉中的少数可归为第一类,所有粉蕉、鸡蕉、香蕉和大多数的野蕉归为第二类。PCoA排序图显示粉蕉虽然个体数量较多,但是遗传多样性较低,而大蕉和野蕉具有较高的多样性。AMOVA分析表明遗传变异主要存在于群体内的个体间,方差占总和的63.088%,品种间的遗传变异大于品种内群体间的遗传变异,方差分别占总和的27.676%和9.236%。遗传分化非常大(F_ST>0.25)且P<0.05的群体绝大多数在不同蕉类型之间。NJ树和UPGMA树同样显示不同蕉类型之间的群体遗传距离较远。以上结果表明野蕉存在的历史最久,积累了大量的遗传变异;在人工杂交育种时,不同蕉之间的交配可能产生更多的具有遗传多样性的后代;具有育种潜力性状的粉蕉分布在遗传关系非常近的一个群体内,今后的资源收集时应该更加注重对某个粉蕉群体的详尽调查以发现更多的可利用性状。研究结果有助于对广西具有优良性状的蕉类资源的蕴藏状况和遗传潜力进行评估,为进一步的育种学应用奠定基础。     

Presidentielerede

Abstract

Present methods of evaluating veld composition in relation to grazing capacity can be criticised on grounds of subjectivity, especially with regard to the assignment of relative values to the constituent species. Data relating to botanical composition and estimated grazing capacity, derived from long‐term animal production systems trials, were used to examine the possibility of increasing objectivity. A “multiplier‐correlation” method involving four palatability classes was devised, which appears to provide valid estimates of the status of different species in term of grazing capacity. Multivariate analysis of the proportional species composition, classified into four palatability classes, provided confirmation of the validity of the multiplier‐correlation method.     

Effect of diet on the lipid composition of the commercial clam Donax trunculus (Mollusca: bivalvia): sex‐related differences

This paper describes the lipid composition of the commercial bivalve Donax trunculus and the differences originated when the animals were fed with two phytoplankton species (Tetraselmis suecica and Chaetoceros sp.) in a hatchery. We also analysed sex‐related differences in lipid classes and fatty acid profile. Total lipids were higher in females than in males. Triglycerides and phospholipids were the major lipid components, and the former dominated in females and the latter in males. The main fatty acids in both sexes were 16:0, 20:5n‐3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) and 22:6n‐3 (docosahexaenoic acid). Females showed higher percentages of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and lower levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids than males. Significant differences in total lipid, lipid classes and fatty acid profiles were also found due to diet. Docosahexaenoic acid decreased and total lipids, free fatty acids, arachidonic acid and EPA increased in both sexes. Despite these differences, the condition of the species was maintained and the broodstock even maturated.     

高校大班英语教学存在的问题及其解决措施

高校的扩招给英语课堂教学带来了困难,如何解决英语大班教学的问题一直是教育专家和学者所关注的问题。本文分析了高校大班英语教学存在的若干问题并论述了采取分级教学、多媒体辅助教学和建立新的考核评价体系等相应的改革措施。     

Excess dietary cholesterol may have an adverse effect on growth performance of early post-larval Litopenaeus vannamei

One experiment was conducted to determine the nutritive value of cholesterol for post-larval shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Four isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets supplemented with four levels of cholesterol (D1, D2, D3 and D4 with 0, 0.5%, 1% and 2% cholesterol, respectively) were fed to triplicate groups of L. vannamei shrimp (mean initial wet weight 0.8 mg) for 27 days. After the trial, shrimp fed the D1 diet had the best growth performance (final body weights: FBW; weight gain: WG; specific growth rate: SGR), while there was no significant difference between diet treatments with respect to survival. The whole body crude protein level in the shrimp decreased with the increase in dietary cholesterol levels, while the whole body crude lipid level in shrimps in the D4 diet treatment was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in other diet treatments. Dietary analysis indicated that the D1 diet contained 0.92% cholesterol prior to supplementation, which may have satisfied the dietary cholesterol requirement of post-larval L. vannamei; excess dietary cholesterol may thus lead to adverse effects on the growth performance of post-larval shrimp.     

Canopy composition as a measure to identify patterns of nutrient input in a mixed European beech and Norway spruce forest in central Europe

The influence of canopy composition on litterfall and throughfall was investigated in a mixed spruce beech forest in central Germany. We hypothesised that different parts of the mixed canopy created distinct patterns of element inputs via litterfall and throughfall. The investigation was carried out in two plots, representing the most contrasting cases of mixed forests: a stand greatly dominated by spruce (SDP) and a stand greatly dominated by beech (BDP). The canopies of the two plots were classified in four categories: pure beech, pure spruce, mixed canopy and gap. Amounts of throughfall water were lower and major element fluxes were higher under spruce than under beech in both plots, indicating that the nutrient inputs under the canopies of individual trees are driven by species-specific properties of the canopies and are quite independent of the degree of admixture. With the exception of K⁺, mixed canopies showed intermediate element inputs via throughfall, compared with pure canopy classes. The K⁺ input was significantly greater under mixed canopies, and these differences were more pronounced in the SDP than in the BDP. Results suggest that individual spruce trees in the BDP induce greater spatial heterogeneity of throughfall input than individual beech trees in the SDP. Nutrient inputs via foliar litterfall were similar among the different canopy classes, but the Mg input was lower under spruce canopy. This effect was balanced by higher Mg input via spruce throughfall. In our study, throughfall was the main source of heterogeneity in nutrient inputs, while foliar litterfall had a homogenising effect.     

Interaction of gap age and microsite type for the regeneration of Picea abies

To assess the influence of gap age and microsite type within a near-natural montane Norway spruce stand at the Harz National Park in Germany, we tested the following hypotheses: (1) The relationship between Picea abies regeneration and gap age is represented by an optimum curve. (2) Within gaps, tree regeneration mainly occurs on gap-induced microsites. (3) The contribution of specific microsites to regeneration changes with gap age.     

Carbon accumulation along a stand development sequence of Nothofagus antarctica forests across a gradient in site quality in Southern Patagonia

Above- and below-ground C pools were measured in pure even-aged stands of Nothofagusantarctica (Forster f.) Oersted at different ages (5–220 years), crown and site classes in the Patagonian region. Mean tissue C concentration varied from 46.3% in medium sized roots of dominant trees to 56.1% in rotten wood for trees grown in low quality sites. Total C concentration was in the order of: heartwood > rotten wood > sapwood > bark > small branches > coarse roots > leaves > medium roots > fine roots. Sigmoid functions were fitted for total C accumulation and C root/shoot ratio of individual trees against age. Total C accumulated by mature dominant trees was six times greater than suppressed trees in the same stands, and total C accumulated by mature dominant trees grown on the best site quality was doubled that of those on the lowest site quality. Crown classes and site quality also affected the moment of maximum C accumulation, e.g. dominant trees growing on the worse site quality sequestered 0.73 kg C tree⁻¹ year⁻¹ at 139 years compared to the best site where 1.44 kg C tree⁻¹ year⁻¹ at 116 years was sequestered. C root/shoot ratio decreased over time from a maximum value of 1.3–2.2 at 5 years to a steady-state asymptote of 0.3–0.7 beyond 60 years of age depending on site quality. Thus, root C accumulation was greater during the regeneration phase and for trees growing on the poorest sites. The equations developed for individual trees have been used to estimate stand C accumulation from forest inventory data. Total stand C content ranged from 128.0 to 350.9 Mg C ha⁻¹, where the soil C pool represented 52–73% of total ecosystem C depending on age and site quality. Proposed equations can be used for practical purposes such as estimating the impact of silvicultural practices (e.g. thinning or silvopastoral systems) on forest C storage or evaluating the development of both above- and below-ground C over the forest life cycle for different site qualities for accurate quantification of C pools at regional scale.