长江三峡广家崖危岩体无线电遥控监测警报系统

该无线电遥控监测警报系统,主要是针对山区特殊环境（山崩、滑坡）的地质灾害。通过监测的办法,获得滑坡的动态变化数据资料,对其做出稳定性的判断,并在出现险情时发出临滑预报或警报信息,直接为防灾避难服务,此研究就是针对如何捕捉崩滑前兆,使灾害造成的损失的损失减轻到最低限度的实例。     

堤防险情与抢护措施

结合几种堤防险情,在分析其成因的基础上,提出相应的堤防险情抢护措施。     

樟子松优良采种林分划分方法的研究

本文将林木树种单株选优原则和方法运用到林木群体选择和划分上。注意林木单株的数量指标(生长量指标)和质量指标(形质指标)的结合;把对林木生长量有直接关系的形质指标,作为单株评价的一部分,考虑在单株选择之中,作为提高单株选优质量和准确性的根据。由此将林分树木划分为4级,再根据4级林木的比例而对林分进行分级。进而划分了种子林分,这对当前采种基地的划分和建立有着重要参考价值。     

Seasonal and land-use induced variations of soil macrofauna composition in the Western Ghats, southern India

Soil macrofauna was surveyed in six sites characterised by different vegetation types on five occasions in the Western Ghats, India. Sampling sites included a primary forest, a weakly disturbed forest (slightly logged in the past), a highly disturbed forest (intensively logged), an Acacia auriculiformis plantation (8 years old), a pasture with high density of Phoenix humilis and a pasture without P. humilis. We showed that both land management and temporal variability induced significant changes in the soil macrofauna. Forest sites hosted larger densities of soil macroorganisms. The effect of seasons was apparent as some clear modifications in the fauna composition occurred. Some groups like earthworms mainly exhibited temporal variability whereas others like millipedes were chiefly affected by land management options. The seasonal rhythms of soil macrofauna were poorly expressed in the pasture plots and the Acacia plantation, but were particularly clear in the forest sites. This interaction between land management and temporal patterns may be explained by some changes in the species composition associated with certain land-uses. Our approach was based on a between-within classes PCA that proved particularly useful by providing statistical tests and a hierarchy of land management and temporal rhythm effects.     

投影寻踪新方法在泥石流危险度评价中的应用

探讨了利用实码加速遗传算法的投影寻踪新方法的泥石流危险度评价模型,并给出了相应算法、实例及同其它方法对比应用,表明了利用投影寻踪方法来评价泥石流危险度是有效可行的,且取得了理想的结果。     

The 5S rRNA gene sequence variation in wheats and some polyploid wheat progenitors (Poaceae: Triticeae)

We have cloned and sequenced 115 repeat units of the 5S rDNA genes and spacers from wheat (Triticum) and the polyploid wheat progenitor, Aegilops, and analyzed them together with sequences available in GenBank® (National Center for Biotechnology Information, NCBI, NLM, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA). We were able to assort the sequences into nine orthologous groups which we call unit classes. The following unit classes were assigned to haplomes, and labeled accordingly: long A1, short A1, short A2, long G1, short G1, long D1, short D1, long S1 and short S1. The AA-genome, DD-genome and SS-genome species were each found to contain a long and a short class. The AAGG-genome species T. timopheevii and the AAA^tA^tGG-genome species T. zhukovskyi, both contain the long A1, long G1 and short G1 unit classes. The AABB-genome species T. turgidum consists of the short A2, a unit class not yet found in T. monococcum, and the long S1 unit class found in the species of Aegilops section Sitopsis. The bread wheat AABBDD-genome contains the long A1, short A2, long D1, long S1 and short G1 unit classes. The presence of the long S1, also demonstrated to occur in both T. turgidum and T. aestivum, supports the hypothesis that the progenitor of the B-haplome in wheat originated in Aegilops section Sitopsis. The presence of the short G1 unit class, i.e. the G-haplome in bread wheat, is unexpected. These new findings are discussed in the light of published findings, especially those relating to 5S DNA loci and evolutionary hypotheses.     

Nursery growth, survival and chemical composition of great scallop Pecten maximus (L.) spat from different larval settlement groups

Scallop Pecten maximus spat (1.3–2.1 mm shell height) from different settlement groups were transferred from hatchery to land‐based nursery at different ages and sizes. Chemical content, growth and survival were compared at transfer time and after 1 and 8 weeks of nursery growth. Growth was lowest and mortality highest in the first week after transfer. Mean shell height growth was 21.5–71.4 μm day^?1 and ash‐free dry weight (AFDW) growth ?2.7 to 10.3 μg day^?1. Spat from the first settlement group attained a larger size and weight than spat from larvae settled 3 days later, but had a lower daily growth rate (%). Keeping the late‐settled spat a longer time in the hatchery to reach a bigger size before transfer seemed not to improve subsequent nursery growth. Survival showed a large variation with mean survival ranging from 32% to 74%. A substantial reduction in lipid content was found after transfer to the nursery. Sterol content at transfer was the only lipid class correlating with survival in the nursery. Based on the results, it is justified that spat groups of different settlement age are included in production of 15‐mm great scallop spat if they are transferred from the hatchery at the same age.     

谁是先进生产力的代表

只有工人阶级才是先进生产力的始终代表。其他阶级只能在特定时期、特定领域、特定方面、特定环节上成为先进生产力的代表。     

Differential composition in the age of mates in Bonelli’s eagle populations: The role of spatial scale, non-natural mortality reduction, and the age classes definition

Monitoring of the age of mates, a method proposed to detect early warning signals for demographic trends in long-lived bird populations, showed different patterns when the study was performed on a single Bonelli’s eagle subpopulation of Andalusia (South of Spain) than when the whole region is taken into account. In this respect, we discuss the role of the spatial scale, the origin of reduction in non-natural mortality and the definition of the used age classes. For a correct monitoring of the age of mates in the Bonelli’s eagle, we propose the two age classes previously suggested, adult and non-adult, but paying particular attention to the late subadult individuals, specially when the monitoring is performed in a wide region by different field work groups. Likewise, it is necessary for monitoring age of breeders in long-lived species with deferred maturity to collect data from a sample well distributed over space, taking regularly into account pairs from the edge and from the centre of population. Besides, it is important to monitor those subpopulations with different known threats, providing them their relative importance among the whole population. Finally, conventional monitoring of the age of mates seems to generally be a reliable way to predict viability changes of bird populations, except when adult by adult replacements take place by reduction in juvenile mortality.