Genetics of Fertility Restoration in Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Pepper

Pepper hybrid seeds production using male sterility could lower cost by reducing time and labour, and increase the genetic purity of the F1 seeds. To investigate the genetics of fertility restoration of the Peterson cytoplasmic sterility in pepper, a doubled haploid population of 115 pepper lines obtained from anther culture of the F1 hybrid between Yolo Wonder （sterility maintainer line） and Perennial （fertility restorer line） and the parental lines were test-crossed by 77013A （a strict cytoplasmic-genic male sterile line）. The fertility of the test-crossed lines was assessed in greenhouse and open field with the following three criteria： pollen index （PI, visual estimation of pollen amount per flower）, pollen number （PN, pollen counting under microscope）, and seed number （SN, the number of seeds per fruit in open pollination）. Correlations between the each couple of criteria within, as well as between the cultivation methods ranged from 0.55 to 0.84. Analysis of variance showed that the genotype （DH line） and environment were the significant sources of variation of the fertility. Narrow sense of heritance of fertility restoration ranged from 0.38 to 0.92, depending on the criteria and environment. The distribution of the progeny was continuous between the parental genotypes indicating the quantitative inheritance of fertility restoration. Inferred from segregation according to Snape et al.（1984）, the number of segregating genes was estimated to be that three to four genetic factors were involved in pollen traits （PI and PN） and five to eight genetic factors in seed production （SN）. The heredity analysis of the CMS will be helpful for understanding of the genetic mechanism of the fertility restoration and the exploitation of the CMS in hybrid seed production.     

温度对甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育系及其杂种一代育性的影响研究

以甘蓝型油菜ｐｏｌ和陕２Ａ细胞质雄性不育系及其杂种一代为材料，采用人工气候箱模拟大气温度日变化，研究了温度对其育性的影响。结果表明，不同发育时期温度对不育系０７Ａ（具ｐｏｌ细胞质）和陕２Ａ的育性都有影响，而以盛蕾期的影响最大；现蕾期为温度影响育性的敏感时期。同一发育时期（盛蕾期）不同温度处理，不育系０７Ａ和陕２Ａ的育性随温度的变化而呈型曲线，不育性受盛蕾期温度影响最大的温度值在日均温５℃左右。温度对杂种一代育性的影响，不同组合间差异很大，川油１２（由０７Ａ配制）的育性极不稳定，在不同的温度条件下变化很大，最适宜在盛蕾期日均温１０℃左右的地区推广种植。而秦油２号（由陕２Ａ配制）的育性相当稳定。     

K型小麦保持系及恢复系筛选研究

以 1 1个BC1 ～BC1 2 的K型不育系与 30个新品种 (系 )不完全测交F1 为研究对象 ,从调查自交结实率和单倍体频率入手 ,分析了供试原始群体的育性状况 ;根据K型不育性的特点建立了恢复度计算 (国内法和国际法 )的回归方程 y =2 .84+ 1 .78x ,提出K型恢复系恢复度的最低标准应定为 75 % (国内法 ) ;阐述了sp途径 (斯卑尔脱小麦 1BSrfv1 基因途径 )在K型小麦雄性不育性研究中的重要性 ,并提出K型不育系是否产生单倍体主要决定于其来源是 1B/1R途径还是sp途径 ,杂交种的单倍体诱导率主要取决于不育系的遗传背景 ,而与测交父本关系不大或仅为次要因素的推论。     

白菜核不育两用系与玻里马胞质不育系及其保持系的性状比较分析

用比较分析的方法,对白菜核不育两用系与玻里马胞质不育系及其保持系的植株性状、育性、花器结构和花粉扫描电镜形态等进行观察研究.结果表明,玻里马不育系及其保持系的生长势强于核不育两用系,其中不育株的生长势强于可育株,且分枝数也较可育株多.两用系不育株的花蕾松软,花朵花冠较小,花丝短缩,花药戟形、褐色无粉,花粉粒空瘪畸形.玻里马不育系花蕾瘦瘪,花瓣皱缩,花色较淡,花粉粒多瘦瘪.两用系不育株花粉败育比玻里马不育系要明显,而花药败育则相反.两用系可育株与玻里马保持系花粉粒都比较饱满,保持系的网脊细,网眼大.实验还表明,该玻里马不育系转育容易,在大白菜、塌菜中可以找到恢复系.     

甘蓝型油菜改良型不育系RGCMS—1141A的选育

利用作者提出的“植物细胞核 细胞质雄性不育”的理论,对在生产上大面积推广的甘蓝型油菜波里马细胞质雄性不育优质杂交种“华杂4号”的亲本不育系1141A进行遗传改良,选育出遗传背景基本保持不变的油菜细胞核 细胞质雄性不育系RGCMS-1141A及其保持系RGCMS-1141B。     

胞质效应在杂交水稻主要数量性状上的多样性

 用3套包含3种不同雄性不育细胞质的9个不育系，与8个恢复力具有明显差异的恢复系组成9×8不完全双列杂交，按再裂区设计分析了胞质效应。结果表明，胞质效应具有明显的多样性，它既表现为不同胞质对同一性状和同一胞质对不同性状的效应存在差异；也表现为胞质效应组成的多样性，即胞质效应由胞质的一般配合力、胞质与保持系结合的特殊的一般配合力、胞质与恢复系互作及胞质与保持系、恢复系二级互作的特殊配合力四个组分中的一个或多个组成。野败型、D型和K型三种胞质对杂种一代千粒重的效应包含上述四个组分；对穗总粒数的效应只含胞质与保持系、恢复系互作的特殊配合力；对其余各性状的效应无明显差异。提出选育类似于多系品种的多胞质杂交稻的设想。      

辣椒胞质雄性不育研究进展

本文对辣椒胞质雄性不育的来源、应用及其遗传特性和生化特性进行了概述,并探讨了辣椒胞质雄性不育研究的发展前景。     

油菜细胞质雄性不育基因orf138、orf288的功能分析

为确定油菜ogu CMS不育基因orf138编码蛋白的毒性与雄性不育的关系以及hau CMS不育基因orf288的核心功能区域,对2个不育基因进行不同长度的截短,进行原核表达和拟南芥、油菜遗传转化。不育基因orf138截短研究结果显示,IPTG诱导后,转入含有跨膜螺旋的pET32a^1-138和pET32a^1-93的大肠杆菌生长受到了明显的抑制,而转入去掉跨膜螺旋的pET32a^45-138的大肠杆菌生长不受影响,表明ORF138的毒性区域位于包含跨膜螺旋的N端;遗传转化结果证实PS∶Rfp138^35-138和PS∶Rfp138^45-138均不能引起拟南芥和油菜雄性不育,说明N端的毒性区域是ORF138引起植物雄性不育所必需的。不育基因orf 288不同长度截短的超表达载体拟南芥转化结果显示,PS∶Rfp288^104-288、PS∶Rfp288^134-288和PS∶Rfp288^164-288的转基因阳性苗出现雄性不育...     

Genetics of fertility restoration in A2-based cytoplasmic genetic male sterility system in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)

The three short duration cytoplasmic genetic male sterility (CGMS) hybrids developed using A₂ (Cajanus scarabeoides) cytoplasm-based male sterile lines (CORG 990047A, CORG 990052A and CORG 7A) and the restorer inbred AK 261322 and their segregating populations (F₂ and BC₁F₁) were subjected to the study of inheritance of fertility restoration in pigeonpea. The fertility restoration was studied based on three different criteria, namely, anther colour, pollen grain fertility and pollen grain morphology and staining. The F₂ and BC₁F₁ populations of the three crosses, namely, CORG 990047A × AK 261322, CORG 990052A × AK 261322 and CORG 7A × AK 261322, segregated in the ratio of 3:1 and 1:1, for anther colour (yellow:pale yellow), pollen grain fertility (fertile:sterile) and for pollen grain morphology and staining. The above study confirmed that the trait fertility restoration was controlled by single dominant gene. This finding can be utilized for the identification of potential restorers, which can be further used in the development of CGMS-based hybrids in pigeonpea.     

基于叶绿体InDel标记对玉米S型胞质不育制种鉴定的研究

以精选表型和基因型丰富的29份代表性玉米自交系以及三联体验证材料,基于叶绿体基因组中11个InDel位点进行引物设计、筛选评估,确定2对玉米S型不育鉴定特异引物。两对引物CPMIDP01CE和CPMIDP02CE的多态分别为83个和5个碱基的插入缺失变异,属于trnS-trnG和ndhJ-ndhK基因间区。CPMIDP01CE和CP?MIDP02CE引物的扩增产物如果含有83 bp插入序列(片段长度为339 bp),不含有5 bp的插入序列(片段长度为239 bp),所分析样品即为S型胞质不育材料。两对特异鉴定引物基于变性荧光毛细管、非变性凝胶毛细管、琼脂糖等不同电泳平台均建立了检测方法,并且具有兼容更高效的KASP、TaqMan等技术体系的潜力。