The ultrastructure of spermatogenic cells and morphological evaluation of testicular development in the silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus)

The silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) is a widely distributed and economically important marine fish in the Indo-Pacific. In this study, we acquired the second generation of wild P. argenteus by artificial breeding and further studied the testicular development and ultrastructure of spermatogenesis. The results of gonadosomatic index (GSI) showed the spawning period of this marine fish was from April to June. Besides, through morphological analysis, we found that P. argenteus had an anastomosing tubular testis surrounded by a layer of tunica albuginea, in which spermatogenesis occurred in cysts where the synchronous germ cells were completely surrounded by the cytoplasmic projection of Sertoli cells. Meanwhile, based on submicroscopic characteristics, the germ cells are classified into nine different types. During the ontogenesis of testis, both the early stage of spermatogenesis and sperm were observed in P. argenteus. At sperm maturation stage, different types of spermatozoa and activation of sperms occurred non-synchronously in the tubules. Cytoplasmic bridges also were observed among synchronous germ cells within the cysts, suggesting an interrelated and differentiated relationship among these germ cells.     

外源DNA导入小麦后雄性不育变异的初步研究

利用浸泡法将外源λDNA导入普通小麦品系 81 45 2 7,获得不育变异株 ,稳定为不育系 ,简称D型不育系。该不育系小花结构具有显著特点 ,多数小花子房数目增加 ,花药数目减少 ,而且二者之和并非恒定为 4。多子房小花一般位于穗的中部 ,而顶部和基部小花未发现多子房现象。多子房小花的主子房位于小花的中央 ,副子房着生于主子房的周围。子房的发育进程不同步 ,主子房发育较早 ,体积较大 ;副子房发育较慢 ,而且未发育成熟即退化萎缩。花药多呈短棒状、月牙状等畸形状态 ,且多数在早期即退化萎缩 ,无生活力花粉。杂交试验表明 ,该不育系为细胞质雄性不育系 ,不育度达 99% ,受体品系 81 45 2 7可作其保持系。不育系与鲁麦 1 4号的杂种一代在穗长、每穗小穗数和穗粒数等性状上存在一定程度的杂种优势 ,单株产量较鲁麦 1 4号增加 1 1 6%。     

马尾松毛虫质型多角体病毒对棉铃虫生长发育的影响

 为了弄清马尾松毛虫质型多角体病毒（DpCPV）对棉铃虫生长发育的影响,利用带毒饲料饲喂棉铃虫幼虫的方法进行了试验观察,结果表明：马尾松毛虫质型多角体病毒对棉铃虫幼虫具有一定的侵染性;棉铃虫幼虫的死亡率随病毒浓度的升高而增大;蛹重和羽化率随病毒浓度的升高而减小;幼虫历期受到的影响不显著。利用马尾松毛虫质型多角体病毒防治棉铃虫具有较好的开发运用前景。     

玉米C型胞质不育恢复基因Rf4的RFLP定位

采用田间育性鉴定和RFLP分子标记的方法对玉米C型胞质不育的恢复基因进行了研究 .田间育性结果表明 ,玉米C型胞质不育有两对重叠恢复基因 ,通过对A192近等基因系和 (CMS C2 37×A6 19)BC1分离群体的RFLP分子标记 ,将玉米的C型胞质不育恢复基因Rf4定位在第 8染色体短臂上 ,与RFLP探针npi2 2 0和csu2 9连锁     

温度对甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育系及其杂种一代育性的影响研究

以甘蓝型油菜ｐｏｌ和陕２Ａ细胞质雄性不育系及其杂种一代为材料，采用人工气候箱模拟大气温度日变化，研究了温度对其育性的影响。结果表明，不同发育时期温度对不育系０７Ａ（具ｐｏｌ细胞质）和陕２Ａ的育性都有影响，而以盛蕾期的影响最大；现蕾期为温度影响育性的敏感时期。同一发育时期（盛蕾期）不同温度处理，不育系０７Ａ和陕２Ａ的育性随温度的变化而呈型曲线，不育性受盛蕾期温度影响最大的温度值在日均温５℃左右。温度对杂种一代育性的影响，不同组合间差异很大，川油１２（由０７Ａ配制）的育性极不稳定，在不同的温度条件下变化很大，最适宜在盛蕾期日均温１０℃左右的地区推广种植。而秦油２号（由陕２Ａ配制）的育性相当稳定。     

Genetics of Fertility Restoration in Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Pepper

Pepper hybrid seeds production using male sterility could lower cost by reducing time and labour, and increase the genetic purity of the F1 seeds. To investigate the genetics of fertility restoration of the Peterson cytoplasmic sterility in pepper, a doubled haploid population of 115 pepper lines obtained from anther culture of the F1 hybrid between Yolo Wonder （sterility maintainer line） and Perennial （fertility restorer line） and the parental lines were test-crossed by 77013A （a strict cytoplasmic-genic male sterile line）. The fertility of the test-crossed lines was assessed in greenhouse and open field with the following three criteria： pollen index （PI, visual estimation of pollen amount per flower）, pollen number （PN, pollen counting under microscope）, and seed number （SN, the number of seeds per fruit in open pollination）. Correlations between the each couple of criteria within, as well as between the cultivation methods ranged from 0.55 to 0.84. Analysis of variance showed that the genotype （DH line） and environment were the significant sources of variation of the fertility. Narrow sense of heritance of fertility restoration ranged from 0.38 to 0.92, depending on the criteria and environment. The distribution of the progeny was continuous between the parental genotypes indicating the quantitative inheritance of fertility restoration. Inferred from segregation according to Snape et al.（1984）, the number of segregating genes was estimated to be that three to four genetic factors were involved in pollen traits （PI and PN） and five to eight genetic factors in seed production （SN）. The heredity analysis of the CMS will be helpful for understanding of the genetic mechanism of the fertility restoration and the exploitation of the CMS in hybrid seed production.     

水稻胞质雄性不育基因的遗传分析

水稻胞质雄性不育基因的遗传分析陈深广，闵绍楷，熊振民，吴建利，朱旭东（中国水稻研究所遗传育种系，杭州３１０００６）关键词：胞质雄性不育；广亲和性；等位性；基因型ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎＩｎｈｅｒｉｔａｎｃｅｏｆＣｙｔｏｐｌａｓｍｉｃＭａｌｅＳｔｅｒｉｌｉ...     

胞质效应在杂交水稻主要数量性状上的多样性

 用3套包含3种不同雄性不育细胞质的9个不育系，与8个恢复力具有明显差异的恢复系组成9×8不完全双列杂交，按再裂区设计分析了胞质效应。结果表明，胞质效应具有明显的多样性，它既表现为不同胞质对同一性状和同一胞质对不同性状的效应存在差异；也表现为胞质效应组成的多样性，即胞质效应由胞质的一般配合力、胞质与保持系结合的特殊的一般配合力、胞质与恢复系互作及胞质与保持系、恢复系二级互作的特殊配合力四个组分中的一个或多个组成。野败型、D型和K型三种胞质对杂种一代千粒重的效应包含上述四个组分；对穗总粒数的效应只含胞质与保持系、恢复系互作的特殊配合力；对其余各性状的效应无明显差异。提出选育类似于多系品种的多胞质杂交稻的设想。      

K型小麦保持系及恢复系筛选研究

以 1 1个BC1 ～BC1 2 的K型不育系与 30个新品种 (系 )不完全测交F1 为研究对象 ,从调查自交结实率和单倍体频率入手 ,分析了供试原始群体的育性状况 ;根据K型不育性的特点建立了恢复度计算 (国内法和国际法 )的回归方程 y =2 .84+ 1 .78x ,提出K型恢复系恢复度的最低标准应定为 75 % (国内法 ) ;阐述了sp途径 (斯卑尔脱小麦 1BSrfv1 基因途径 )在K型小麦雄性不育性研究中的重要性 ,并提出K型不育系是否产生单倍体主要决定于其来源是 1B/1R途径还是sp途径 ,杂交种的单倍体诱导率主要取决于不育系的遗传背景 ,而与测交父本关系不大或仅为次要因素的推论。     

白菜核不育两用系与玻里马胞质不育系及其保持系的性状比较分析

用比较分析的方法,对白菜核不育两用系与玻里马胞质不育系及其保持系的植株性状、育性、花器结构和花粉扫描电镜形态等进行观察研究.结果表明,玻里马不育系及其保持系的生长势强于核不育两用系,其中不育株的生长势强于可育株,且分枝数也较可育株多.两用系不育株的花蕾松软,花朵花冠较小,花丝短缩,花药戟形、褐色无粉,花粉粒空瘪畸形.玻里马不育系花蕾瘦瘪,花瓣皱缩,花色较淡,花粉粒多瘦瘪.两用系不育株花粉败育比玻里马不育系要明显,而花药败育则相反.两用系可育株与玻里马保持系花粉粒都比较饱满,保持系的网脊细,网眼大.实验还表明,该玻里马不育系转育容易,在大白菜、塌菜中可以找到恢复系.