Nectar secretion of RN-type cytoplasmic male sterility three lines in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Significant progress has been achieved in the use of heterosis in soybean and several soybean hybrids have been released in China. However, broad use of hybrid soybean seed is limited due to low seed setting of female parents. Breeding cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS) lines with high out-crossing rate is necessary to solve the problem. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between out-crossing rate of CMS lines and their nectar secretion. The daily nectar secretion rhythm, meteorological effect on nectar secretion, and differences in nectar secretion among genotypes and years were investigated in 27 soybean CMS lines(A-lines) with their maintainers(B-lines) and restorers(R-lines). The correlation between out-crossing rate of CMS lines and nectar production was also evaluated. Nectar secretion had diurnal variation. Secretion initiated at about 06:00 for most materials and reached a peak at 07:00–08:30 after flower opened, then the nectar secretion decreased gradually. A sub-peak appeared at about 13:00, while the nectar could not be detected at 17:00. Nectar secretion was greatly influenced by the weather conditions. The amount of nectar secretion increased gradually over time during periods of high temperature and no rainfall for several days. Rainy weather and low temperatures inhibited nectar secretion. There were obvious variations of nectar amount among different genotypes tested. Significant nectar variation within a genotype among years was also observed, and the highest nectar secretion was 3-fold higher than the lowest. The amount of nectar secretion from R-lines was significantly higher than that of A-and B-lines. There was no significant difference in nectar secretion between A-and B-lines. A-and B-lines with higher out-crossing rates secreted more nectar. The amount of nectar secretion of A-and B-lines were significantly positively correlated with the out-crossing rate of A-lines.     

枇杷果实EjNADP-ME2基因及启动子克隆与表达分析

以‘解放钟’和‘白梨’果实为材料,研究基于转录组筛选出的表达量较高且在2个品种中有差异的EjNADP-ME2（Unigene0001461）基因,采用RACE和RT-PCR技术成功克隆EjNADP-ME2的cDNA全长。系统进化树分析表明,EjNADP-ME2与苹果的NADP-ME基因关系最近。生物信息学预测结果显示,EjNADP-ME2蛋白应该位于细胞质中。用染色体步移法成功克隆了EjNADP-ME2的启动子序列,序列预测该基因启动子区域含有水杨酸、茉莉酸、脱落酸响应的顺式作用元件,此外还有厌氧诱导元件、MYB和MYC参与黄化和干旱诱导的结合位点MBS。荧光定量PCR分析表明,EjNADP-ME2基因的表达量变化趋势在2个品种中大致相同,均呈现出先降低后升高又降低的趋势,且该基因在低酸品种的表达量稍低于高酸品种。相关性分析结果显示,低酸品种EjNADP-ME2基因转录水平与苹果酸含量呈显著负相关。本研究的结果为进一步探究EjNADP-ME2基因在苹果酸代谢途径中的功能奠定坚实基础。     

辣椒线粒体基因转录本编辑位点研究

以辣椒细胞质雄性不育系北A及其相应保持系北B为材料,比较分析了nad2、atpA和cob 3个线粒体基因转录本的编辑位点。结果表明,atpA基因转录本在不育系与保持系中都未发生编辑。nad2基因在不育系中的编辑位点共有10处,与保持系相比增加了3处非C-U的特异编辑位点。cob基因在不育系与保持系中的编辑位点都有6处,除5处共同的C-U编辑外,不育系和保持系各有1处U-C和G-U的特异编辑位点。保持系比不育系相应位点的编辑频率偏高。编辑大多改变了编码氨基酸的种类,增加了编码蛋白质的疏水性。推测不育胞质特异的线粒体基因转录本编辑可能与辣椒细胞质雄性不育有关。     

甘蓝细胞质雄性不育材料分子鉴定及花器官形态对核背景的响应

对从国内外引进的15份甘蓝细胞质不育材料进行分子鉴定,并通过多代连续回交转育,研究转育后代花器官形态对核背景的响应。结果发现,15份不育材料中有14份为萝卜胞质不育（Ogu CMS）,仅1份为甘蓝型油菜胞质不育（Nap CMS）。细胞质不育材料花器官对核背景的响应,Nap型主要表现3种类型,第1类与原材料相近或呈负响应,第2类表现为正响应,第3类花器官不同部位响应不一,呈现正或负响应;Ogu型主要表现为不变化或较弱的正响应。不同来源胞质材料的花器形态对同一核背景的响应,因自交系不同而异,对于自交系K1、N4,不同来源胞质材料对其响应趋于一致,对自交系37、F1、G7的响应,在不同来源胞质材料间存在差异。     

C型不育细胞质对玉米单交种及再杂交当代优势的效应研究

通过混合不同遗传标记花粉授粉法、研究C型细胞质对玉米单交种和再杂交当代优势的效应。试验结果表明,不育种与同型正常种姊妹交籽粒间比较,C型胞质效应为3．37％;与同一有色父本杂交籽粒同比较,C型胞质效应为2．44％。2年C型胞质效应平均分别为2．88％和2．94％。同一C型胞质对不同杂交种的效应不同,不同年份间有变化。不育种及正常种与同一有色单交种再杂交当代粒重均有杂交优势,杂交优势因不父本而不同。正常种为母本,杂交优势为3．73％,杂交优势为2．84％。     

瓣化型胡萝卜雄性不育基因atp6的CAPS标记建立

根据atp6的基因序列设计特异扩增引物,以瓣化型胡萝卜核质互作雄性不育系H05A及其保持系H05B为试材,扩增获得了1条约500bp的特异扩增片段。用限制性内切酶BglII对该片段进行酶切,不育系产生1条保持系中没有的特异片段,其分子量约为60bp。建立了atp6基因的CAPS标记,该分子标记可用于胡萝卜雄性不育分子标记辅助育种。     

红莲型CMS水稻线粒体K+ATP通道特性的初步研究

以水稻红莲型细胞质雄性不育(HL-CMS)不育系粤泰A(YTA)和保持系粤泰B(YTB)黄化苗线粒体为材料,研究了YTA和YTB离体线粒体KA TP通道对其诱导调节剂KCl、ATP、ADP和GTP等的响应特性。结果表明,KA TP通道诱导剂KCl,能明显诱导YTA和YTB线粒体膨胀,但YTA的膨胀程度较YTB的明显;KA TP通道的内源性抑制剂ATP对YTA和YTB线粒体膨胀起显著抑制作用;KA TP通道的内源性激动剂ADP和GTP引起的不育系YTA离体线粒体短暂收缩及之后的再膨胀程度均较YTB的明显;此外,比较YTA和YTB离体线粒体在Rh123一起孵育10 min后,KCl和解偶联剂FCCP处理引起的离体线粒体膜电位(Δψm)下降过程,发现前者的线粒体Δψm较后者的易于过早崩解。对水稻HL-CMS不育系YTA和可育的保持系YTB线粒体KA TP通道特性的比较研究表明,水稻HL-CMS不育系YTA线粒体KA TP通道对其诱导调节剂KCl、ATP、ADP和GTP等的响应较YTB的更敏感。