灌注半胱胺对山羊瘤胃消化代谢的影响

选用装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的３只本地空怀母山羊进行自身对照试验,试验期从瘤胃瘘管灌注半胱胺（１００ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１ＢＷ）,分别于灌注前１ｄ（－１ｄ）和灌注后第１,３,５,７ｄ动态采集瘤胃液,测定瘤胃液ｐＨ,氨氮（ＮＨ３－Ｎ）总脱氢酶活性（ＴＤＨＡ）,原虫蛋白（Ｐ－Ｐ）和细菌蛋白（Ｂ－Ｐ）的含量。结果表明,ｐＨ于１ｄ明显升高,至７ｄ基本恢复正常;ＴＤＨＡ于３ｄ明显上升,１,２,３号羊分别由－１ｄ的（１．     

减少矿物质元素的饲粮中补充包膜半胱胺对育肥猪生长性能、胴体品质、矿物质元素沉积及排放的影响

本试验旨在研究夏季高温状态下,在减少矿物质(铜、铁、锰、锌)元素的饲粮中补充包膜半胱胺对育肥后期猪生长性能、胴体品质、组织矿物质元素沉积和粪便矿物质元素排放的影响。试验共选用360头健康、平均体重为(103.9±0.7)kg的三元(杜×长×大)杂交育肥猪,采用2×2双因素试验设计,分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复15头。因素1为饲粮矿物质元素的含量,设计为基础饲粮铜、铁、锌、锰元素含量的100%和80%2个水平;因素2为饲粮包膜半胱胺(半胱胺含量27%)含量,设计为0、1 600 mg/kg(半胱胺含量300 mg/kg)2个水平。试验期30 d。结果表明:1)饲粮减少矿物质元素或补充包膜半胱胺对育肥猪后期的生长性能和胴体品质均无显著影响(P0.05)。2)饲粮减少矿物质元素可显著降低育肥猪肝脏中铬元素的含量及肾脏中钠、钙、铅元素的含量(P0.05),显著升高血清钠元素含量(P0.05);减少矿物质元素的饲粮中补充包膜半胱胺显著或极显著降低肝脏中钾元素含量和肾脏中钠、钙、铅、铜元素含量(P0.05或P0.01),并有降低肝脏锰、锌、铬及钙元素和血清中铬和镁元素含量沉积的趋势(0.05≤P0.10),对维持机体各组织中钠元素的稳定有利。3)饲粮中减少矿物质元素或补充包膜半胱胺极显著减少粪便中铅和铜元素的排放量(P0.01);饲粮减少矿物质元素可显著降低粪便中锌元素的排放量(P0.05),极显著升高镁元素的排放量(P0.05);减少矿物质元素的饲粮中补充包膜半胱胺对粪便中铬元素的排放量有降低趋势(0.05≤P0.10)。由此可见,夏季高温期,在饲粮的铜、铁、锰、锌4种矿物质元素含量减少20%条件下补充1 600 mg/kg包膜半胱胺,能在不影响育肥猪后期生长性能和胴体品质的同时,降低血清、肝脏和肾脏中矿物质元素的沉积,减少粪便铅、铜和铬元素对环境的排放,维持机体电解质平衡。     

Effects of cysteamine supplementation on the intestinal expression of amino acid and peptide transporters and intestinal health in finishing pigs

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cysteamine supplementation on the expression of jejunal amino acid and peptide transporters and intestinal health in finishing pigs. Sixty barrows were allocated into two experimental diets consisting of a basal control diet supplemented with 0 or 142 mg/kg cysteamine. After 41 days, 10 pigs per treatment were slaughtered. The results showed that cysteamine supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) (P < 0.05) and the trypsin activity in jejunal digesta (P < 0.01). Cysteamine supplementation also increased the messenger RNA abundance of SLC7A7, SLC7A9 and SLC15A1, occludin, claudin‐1 and zonula occludens protein‐1 (P < 0.001) in the jejunum mucosa. Increased glutathione content (P < 0.01) and glutathione peroxidase activity (P < 0.05) and decreased malondialdehyde content (P < 0.01) were observed in pigs receiving cysteamine. Additionally, cysteamine supplementation increased the concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) (P < 0.05), IgM (P < 0.001) and IgG (P < 0.001) in the jejunal mucosa. It is concluded that cysteamine supplementation could influence protein digestion and absorption via increasing trypsin activity, enhancing the digestibility of CP, and promoting the expression of jejunal amino acid and peptide transporters. Moreover, cysteamine improved intestinal integrity, antioxidant capacity and immune function in the jejunum, which were beneficial for intestinal health.     

半胱胺对家禽的影响

半胱胺是广泛存在于动物体内的生物活性物质,具有多种生物学功能。本文就半胱胺的理化性质和对家禽的影响进行了综述,旨在为家禽生产提供理论指导和实践帮助。     

日粮中添加半胱胺对辽宁绒山羊产绒性能的影响

本试验选用20头6月龄的辽宁绒山羊,平均体重约为16 kg,完全随机分为半胱胺组和对照组。两组饲喂的基础日粮一样,半胱胺组每周添加1次半胱胺,剂量为100 mg/kg,制成颗粒料一次性饲喂;试验期60 d。研究半胱胺对绒山羊产绒性能的影响。结果表明,半胱胺组绒自然长度、毛自然长度、绒伸直长度、毛伸直长度较对照组显著提高(P0.05);半胱胺组绒、毛强度,绒、毛伸度较对照组显著提高(P0.05),半胱胺组绒毛细度比对照组显著降低(P0.05);半胱胺组粗毛细度比对照组显著提高(P0.05)。因此,日粮中添加半胱胺可以改善辽宁绒山羊绒毛的品质。     

半胱胺对肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响

试验设4个处理组,对照组日粮为基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组日粮分别在基础日粮基础上添加半胱胺100、200、300 mg/kg,研究不同剂量半胱胺对肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响。结果表明,与对照组比较,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的平均日增重分别显著提高4.20%、5.97%、4.32%,料重比分别降低4.65%、7.84%、5.52%,臀腿比例分别显著提高8.25%、10.37%、8.96%,眼肌面积分别显著增加11.14%、13.91%、13.00%,平均背膘厚度分别显著降低13.63%、16.78%、16.43%,瘦肉率分别显著提高5.31%、7.86%、5.34%;在肥育猪日粮中添加适宜剂量的半胱胺能明显提高肥育猪的生产性能,而过量添加的效果并不明显。     

半胱胺对羔羊增重及羊毛生长的影响

选择 4～ 5月龄断奶雌性杂种羔羊 2 2 0只 ,随机分成对照组和添加半胱胺组 ,半胱胺组按 5 0mg/kg体重包膜保护半胱胺 ,连续添加 12 0d ,试验结束。结果显示 ,半胱胺组从试验第 4 6天体重、毛长显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,整个试验期半胱胺组比对照组增重提高 17.9% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,毛长增长提高 6 .2 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,说明半胱胺能够显著地促进断奶母羔体重增加和羊毛生长。     

The effects of dietary reduced mineral elements and coated cysteamine supplementation on bacterial diversity in the ileum of finishing pigs

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary partial MEs and coated cysteamine (CC) supplementation on gut microbiota in finishing pigs. Results showed that whittling down dietary partial MEs (Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn) by 20% and 40% had little effect on the microbial diversity, community structure, and bacterial relative abundance in the ileum of finishing pigs. Supplementation with 1,600 mg/kg CC also had no obvious effect on the microbial diversity, community structure, and bacterial relative abundance in the finishing pig ileum when fed diets with a normal MEs level. However, the abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae, Pasteurella, and Pasteurella_aerogenes was higher, and the abundance of Actinobacillus_minor was lower in the 20% ME reduction diet treatment than that in the 20% ME reduction with 1,600 mg/kg CC diet group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggested that there is no obvious effect on gut microbiota when dietary partial MEs are reduced by 20% or 40%, which indicates the feasibility of reducing dietary partial MEs by 20% or 40% in finishing pigs. Supplementation with CC changed the relative abundance of some bacteria related to opportunistic pathogenicity in the finishing pig ileum when were fed a 20% ME reduction diet.     

半胱胺对小尾寒羊瘤胃原虫和养分消化率的影响

选择体重40 kg左右小尾寒羊40头,随机分为4组,每组10头,半胱胺的添加量分别为:1组1 g/头.d、2组2 g/头.d、3组3 g/头.d、对照组0 g/头.d,结果表明:①半胱胺能够激发瘤胃原虫的生长率和增长数量。②试验羊采食正常,各组间采食量无显著差异。试验3组的日增重达到0.234 kg,显著高于其它组(P<0.05,试验1组、试验2组和对照组间日增重无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验3组的耗料/增重显著低于其它各组(P<0.01)。试验3组的耗料/增重显著低于试验1组和对照组,试验1组和对照组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验3组的粗蛋白消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),粗脂肪消化率则极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)消化率组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

半胱胺对奶牛瘤胃微生物蛋白产量、产奶性能和氮排泄的影响

本试验旨在研究半胱胺(cysteamine,CS)对奶牛瘤胃微生物蛋白产量、产奶性能和氮排泄的影响。选取年龄、体重、产奶量及泌乳期[(135±15)d]相近的荷斯坦奶牛40头,分为4组,对照组和试验1组、2组、3组分别补饲0、15、20和25 g/(d·头)CS。预试期14 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:1)试验组的瘤胃微生物蛋白产量显著或极显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),试验1组、2组和3组分别比对照组提高27.27%、66.56%、55.42%。2)试验组产奶量显著高于对照组(P0.05),分别比对照组提高18.97%、19.58%、11.25%。3)CS能显著或极显著提高乳脂率和乳蛋白率(P0.05或P0.01),显著降低乳体细胞数(P0.05),以试验2组最低。4)在氮总排泄量上,试验组极显著低于对照组(P0.01),试验1组、2组和3组分别降低16.24%、22.66%、9.92%。由此可见,本试验条件下,综合考虑瘤胃微生物蛋白产量、产奶量、乳成分含量及氮排泄指标,CS添加量以20 g/(d·头)最有利。