Diatomaceous earth as an inorganic additive to reduce formaldehyde emissions from particleboards

The presented research is about the use of a new type of a functional inorganic additive in particleboards, for the purpose of reducing free formaldehyde releases. One-layered particleboards were prepared in the laboratory by mixing industrial wood particles and urea-formaldehyde resin. Natural, abundantly and cheaply available nano-mesoporous diatomaceous earth (DE) was used, without and in combination with urea as a scavenger. Silica quartz sand was also added as a nonporous analogy. Particleboards were pressed at two press factors (9 and 15 s/mm). Formaldehyde release was determined using the rapid 3-hour-flask method (DIN EN 717-3). As a result, DE additions insignificantly reduced bending properties of particleboards. Internal bonding was in part significantly lowered. The particleboard produced with 3% urea loaded on 5% DE prior to application almost halved (–45%) the formaldehyde release. Formaldehyde release was on the average 17% lower when pressed at 15 s/mm instead of 9 s/mm. By loading urea onto the nano-mesoporous structure of DE, an improved scavenging function of urea could be shown.     

Initial shapes of stress-strain curve of wood specimen subjected to repeated combined compression and vibration stresses and the piezoelectric behavior

This study investigated the relationship between the initial shape of the stress (σ)-strain (ε) curve of a Chamaecyparis obtusa wood specimen subjected to repeated combined compression and vibration stresses at various angles between the fiber direction and load direction and the piezoelectric behavior. The main findings of the study are: (1) the σ-ε curve became convex initially, and then the stress was proportional to the strain. The σ-ε curve had almost the same shape during both loading and unloading. (2) The σ-piezoelectric voltage (P) curve was nonlinear, with a maximal point or cusp on the curve, which had almost the same shape during both loading and unloading, as was also observed for the σ-ε curve. (3) The plot of the first derivative of the stress [dσ/dε (= σ′)] against ε was nonlinear. The σ′-ε and P-ε curves at various angles were fairly similar. (4) The stress at the maximal point (or cusp) of the σ-P curve decreased with an increase in the angle between the fiber direction and load direction. The tendency of the stresses was very similar to that of Young’s modulus and compression strength calculated from Hook’s law and Hankinson’s law, respectively.     

帽儿山林场林地资源资产评估

以东北林业大学帽儿山试验林场为研究对象,利用2004年帽儿山林场二类调查资料数据以及相关的技术资料和参数,结合林地资源评价方法对其东林施业区进行评估。利用现有数据对立地等级进行划分,选用收益现值法,结合林场实际情况使用专家打分法即Delphi法编制了立地质量得分表,得出东林施业区的林地地价为15 307 637.71元。此次评估为实现林地资源的资产化管理及促进林场资产的合理利用和优化配置提供基础性的数据,对推进森林资源的商品化、促进森林保护事业的发展有着十分重要的意义。     

海南省沿海防护林防护效能综合评价研究

建立了海南省海防林防护效能的评价指标体系和评价标准,通过案例分析对熵权法、主成分分析和层次分析赋权方法进行了选优,确定层次分析法(AHP)更适合海防林防护效能的综合评价,同时通过聚类分析进一步验证了评价标准和评价权重分配的有效性。用层次分析法对文昌、万宁和昌江3个县市的海防林进行了6因素25个评价指标和沿海12个市县海防林5因素17个评价指标的综合评价,结果显示:在海防林的防护效能方面文昌海防林达到了良好水平,万宁为中等水平,昌江为不合格;沿海12个市县中,有6个市县的评价分值未达到合格标准,占评价单位的50%,2个评价单位达到了良好标准,占17%,2005年海南省海防林整体防护效能不高。     

Bt杀虫蛋白在分月扇舟蛾体内的分布

分月扇舟蛾幼虫取食转蜘蛛杀虫肽与Bt毒蛋白C肽基因小黑杨后,Bt杀虫蛋白在其中肠、血淋巴、马氏管中含量比较高;而先饲喂转蜘蛛杀虫肽与Bt毒蛋白C肽基因小黑杨4d,再饲喂非转基因小黑杨后,其所繁育的蛹、成虫、卵、幼虫中均不合有Bt杀虫蛋白。     

森林土壤硝化、反硝化作用研究进展

在全球气候变化的背景下,对于森林土壤中氮素循环的研究更加迫切和重要。总结比较了土壤硝化、反硝化和呼吸作用的研究方法及各种方法的优缺点,同时综述了国内外关于其时空变异和影响因素的相关研究,最后提出四点建议。     

格氏栲种群生态学研究Ⅶ.格氏栲种群分布格局的强度与纹理分析

前人都是采用样方方法对格氏栲种群数量的空间格局进行测定,而格局分布有可能受样方大小的影响,且分析过程中没有涉及聚块间密度差的问题,因而无法掌握种群的聚块大小差别及聚块内个体间的离散程度．本研究采用无样方距离法,测定不同生境的格氏栲种群空间格局,分析格氏栲种群格局的强度和纹理．强度以聚块和间隙的密度差来定义,纹理则是体现聚块内个体间的离散程度与诸聚块间的分离程度．测定结果表明,格氏栲种群格局强度从高到低排列次序为：木姜子＞蚊母树＞冬青＞茜草树＞格氏栲＞米槠＞虎皮楠＞木荷;格局纹理从粗到细的顺序是：木荷＝木姜子＞茜草树＞格氏栲＝冬青＞米槠＞蚊母树＞虎皮楠．这一测定结果与作者采用聚集度指标测定相同样地格氏栲种群空间格局的结果基本相符．因此,格氏栲空间格局类型及分布与格氏栲生物学特性及生境的关系密切     

木材流体渗透理论与研究方法

为较全面系统地了解木材流体渗透理论研究现状,从流体在多孔介质内的主要类型与流动理论、流体在木材内的主要流通通道及木材流体渗透性研究的主要理论与试验方法等几方面进行综合概述,提出木材流体渗透性理论研究的主要发展方向.试验观察应采取更先进的手段,动态观察流体尤其是液体渗透木材的整个连续过程,并构筑更合理的木材流体简化结构渗透模型,以较少的参数反映更完整的流体渗透途径;理论研究应借鉴木材干燥过程中应用较成熟的传质传热模型,建筑多孔材料如水泥、石、砖等的渗透性研究,土壤流体渗透性及地下石油流体渗透性研究方面应用较成熟的理论和方法,并拓宽木材渗透性的研究对象,建立符合木材非稳态渗透实际过程的二维或三维理论模型,以更逼真地模拟木材流体渗透过程;2种方法结合起来,定性和定量完整描述木材流体渗透机制.     

不同抚育方式对火炬松中幼林生长的影响

在广东省翁源县江尾镇低丘赤红壤上，对７年生火炬松人工林的抚育强度、季节和次数进行了研究。２年试验观测，协方差分析结果表明：抚育前的本底生长量对抚育后２年的生长量有极显著的影响。剔除本底生长量的差异后，穴垦抚育的胸径生长量、单株材积生长量和单位面积蓄积量均显著或较显著高于全垦和带垦抚育，而全垦和带垦抚育间生长量的差异则不明显；抚育季节、次数的不同以及其与抚育强度的交互作用对火炬松生长的影响不明显     

油茶籽及饼粕含油率快速检测技术研究

通过索氏抽提法和快速测定法分别测定油茶籽及压榨饼粕中的含油率的对比试验。结果显示:采用快速测定法测定油茶籽或茶籽饼中的含油率,其检测结果与传统索氏抽提法对比,检测数据吻合度好;同一检测结果数据分散程度小,分布精密度高,误差范围小;快速检测方法结果准确度高。