不同粗精比日粮对绵羊小肠中瘤胃微生物蛋白质利用的影响

用4只装有瘤胃瘘管、十二肠瘘管和回肠瘘管的去势(公母各半)萨福克羊体重平均为(45.5±5.2)kg,在不同粗精比日粮条件下 ,研究瘤胃细菌、纤毛虫体蛋白质在小肠内的利用率。结果表明 :到达十二指肠的瘤胃细菌和纤毛虫的量 ,随日粮中精饲料水平的提高而显著减少(P<0.05)。与此相反 ,过瘤胃饲料蛋白质的量则显著增加(P<0.05)。小肠内的细菌利用率显著受日粮变化的影响 ,而纤毛虫利用率则不易受日粮影响且显著地高于细菌的利用率(P<0.05)。小肠内被吸收的细菌和纤毛虫对微生物氮的贡献率在全试验组中平均为50 %。     

水稻恢复系蜀恢362的选育及利用

蜀恢３６２ 是四川农业大学水稻研究所用优质恢复系辐３６－２ 作母本,优良恢复系明恢６３ 作父本杂交选育而成的籼型优质恢复系。该恢复系株型好、穗大、配合力好、米质优,与不育系Ｄ汕Ａ 配组育成的Ｄ优３６２ 于１９９８ 年通过四川省品种审定委员会审定。     

Influence of temperature on protein utilization in juvenile European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

The aim of this trial was to study the utilization of dietary protein by seabass juveniles with 5.5 g mean body weight, at two water temperatures: 18°C and 25°C. For that purpose, the fish were fed for 12 weeks, four isoenergetic diets with different protein levels (36, 42, 48, and 56%). At the end of the trial, growth rate and feed utilization were significantly better at the higher water temperature. Within each temperature, specific growth rate and feed efficiency were significantly higher with the 48 and 56% protein diets than with the other diets. At 25°C, feed efficiency was also significantly better with the 56% than with the 48% protein diet. N retention (g kg average body weight⁻¹ day⁻¹) was higher at 25°C than at 18°C but, as a % N intake the inverse was true. Although at 25°C N retention (% N intake) was not different among groups, retention in g kg ABW⁻¹ day⁻¹ was significantly higher with the 56% protein diet than with 36 and 42% protein diets. On the contrary, at 18°C N retention (g kg ABW⁻¹ day⁻¹) was similar among groups while as a percentage of N intake it was inversely related to the dietary protein level. Regarding energy utilization, at each temperature, there were no differences among dietary treatments on energy retention (g kg ABW⁻¹ day⁻¹). As a % of energy intake, energy retention significantly increased with the increase of dietary protein level at 25°C, while at 18°C, there were no significant differences among groups. Within each temperature, at the end of the trial, there were no differences among groups in proximate composition of whole fish. Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein and energy significantly improved with the increase of water temperature but, within each temperature, there were no significant differences among groups. The results of this study indicate that, regardless of water temperature, the dietary protein requirement for growth seems to be satisfied with a diet containing 48% protein. Growth and feed efficiency were significantly higher at the higher temperature, however, protein utilization was more efficient at the lower temperature.     

有机肥不同比例替代化肥氮对水稻产量、氮素吸收与流失风险的影响

有机肥与化肥配施是农业生产中稳产增产、减少化肥施用和保护环境的重要生产模式。为探索有机肥替代化肥氮的合理比例,采用田间小区试验,设置6个有机肥替代化肥氮的比例梯度（0%、10%、20%、30%、40%和50%）,分析了有机肥替代化肥氮的比例差异对水稻产量、氮素利用率和氮流失风险的影响。结果表明：与常规化肥处理比较,20%的替代比对早稻的有效穗数显著增加了5.8%,对晚稻的产量构成因素（穗长增加16.1%、有效穗数增加7.4%、实粒数增加11.8%、千粒重增加11.1%、结实率增加4.5%）均有显著的增加效果,且早、晚稻分别显著增产13.9%和18.6%,氮肥吸收利用率分别显著增加4.7%和4.9%。替代比例与早、晚稻产量的拟合方程得出产量最佳的替代比均为21%。有机肥氮配施比例越大,田面水氮浓度越低,减少了氮素径流损失风险。因此,有机肥替代化肥氮的比例20%时,既可以提高水稻增产潜力,又能降低稻田氮素流失风险和适当减少稻田化学氮肥施用量,值得推广应用。     

论我国耕作制度发展与农业资源高效利用

本文简述了农业起源以来特别是近５０ 年来我国耕作制度演变的轨迹和７ 个阶段的特色与成就; 揭示了耕作制度进步的社会原因、技术原理以及与农业资源高效利用息息相关的关系;明确了建立高效耕作制度是农业资源高效利用的必然选择, 并提出三条具体措施： ａ 依靠科技进步挖掘资源生产潜力; ｂ 坚持多熟制, 建立高效可持续发展的种植制度; ｃ 发展设施农业     

太白洋参化学成分的研究

对太白洋参中的脂肪酸、有机酸及１５种化学元素进行了测定和分析。结果表明,太白洋参中不饱和脂肪酸含量占总脂肪酸的７６．８２％,且主要由亚麻酸、亚油酸和油酸组成;太白洋参中富含酒石酸、苹果酸、乙酸和柠檬酸４种有机酸及Ｍｇ,Ｃａ,Ｆｅ,Ｚｎ,Ｐ５种化学元素,这些化学成分在人体生命运动中起着非常重要的作用     

烟草杂种优势利用的途径和方法

通过对烟草育种目标与杂种优势利用现状的分析,认为利用烟草杂交种来实现烟草育种目标是可能的。烟草不育系的选育现阶段以利用核质互作型细胞质雄性不育材料转育为主,但从遗传工具的方便程度和选育效率上来看,烟草雄性不育系的选育以利用显性核不育基因或光温敏核不育基因为上策。烟草杂交种亲本的选育应遵循品质优秀、抗性强、遗传多样和易于制种的原则。烟草杂交组合配制应遵循双亲性状互补、生态适应、品质适宜和遗传差异的原则。     

Efficacy of phytase on phosphorus utilization in practical diets fed to striped bass Morone saxatilis

Several experiments were conducted to determine the effects of phytase on dietary phosphorus (P) utilization by striped bass Morone saxatilis fed high phytate diets. The experiments were designed to determine the effectiveness of various dietary levels of a dry or liquid phytase concentrate incorporated in diets to improve the P utilization of striped bass. Fish were fed various basal diets containing over 700 g kg^?1 plant feed ingredients and 4.9–7.1 g kg^?1 P and 1.5–1.7 g kg^?1 non-phytin P. A diet supplemented with potassium monophosphate (PMP) and containing 9 g kg^?1 total P and 6 g kg^?1 non-phytin P with no added phytase was the positive control. The dietary treatments were assigned to duplicate tanks and diets were fed to juvenile striped bass for up to 14 weeks. The effectiveness of the phytase treatments was determined by measuring weight gain, feed conversion, serum, scale and vertebral calcium and P, as well as P absorption. Apparent P absorption was determined using 5 g kg^?1 chromic oxide as an indigestible marker in the diet. In experiment one, significant improvements (P < 0.05) were found in scale and vertebral phosphorus concentrations with 2400 Phytase Units (PU) kg^?1 (PU is the quantity of enzyme which liberates one micromole of inorganic P per minute from 0.015 tool L^?1 sodium phytate at 37°C and pH 5.5) added to the diet. In experiment two, significant differences were observed between serum phosphorus in the phytase and no-phytase groups, while there were no differences between the positive control (PMP supplemented) and the phytase-treated fish. It was concluded that 2400 PU kg^?1 of enzyme resulted in bone mineralization and serum phosphorus concentrations equal to that observed with 13 g kg^?1 dietary PMP addition (9 g kg^?1 total P).     

Effect of supplemental dietary zinc sources on the growth and carbohydrate utilization of tilapia Smith 1840, Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of supplemental dietary zinc sources on the growth performance and carbohydrate utilization of juvenile tilapia Smith 1840, Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus. The goal was to compare the bioavailability of two zinc sources, zinc sulphate (ZnSO₄) or zinc methionine (ZnMet), by using two practical basal diets with 350 g kg^?1 (C350) or 400 g kg^?1 (C400) carbohydrates based on wheat as the carbohydrate source. The results showed that fish fed with a diet supplemented with 60 mg kg^?1 Zn from either ZnSO₄ or ZnMet had a significantly (P < 0.05) greater specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio than those fed with the diets of ≤30 mg kg^?1 Zn. The composition of tilapia carcass was also found to be influenced by various levels of dietary zinc from the two zinc sources. The G6P‐DH in fish fed with the 20 mg kg^?1 ZnMet diet and the PK levels in fish fed with 20 mg kg^?1 ZnSO₄ and 30 mg kg^?1 ZnMet diet were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those in fish fed with the C400 diet. The data suggest that supplemental dietary zinc from either ZnMet or ZnSO₄ significantly affects the growth performance and carbohydrate utilization of tilapia.     

Effect of dietary replacement of fish meal by soybean protein concentrate on growth performance and phosphorus discharging of juvenile black sea bream,Acanthopagrus schlegelii

The 8‐week experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of partial replacement of fish meal (FM) with soybean protein concentrate (SPC) on juvenile black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii (10.70 ± 0.04 g). Diets were formulated to replace FM protein by SPC at 0, 8, 16, 24, 32 or 40% (designated as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively). Diets except T1 were supplemented with phytase at 2000 phytase activity U kg^?1. The results showed that survival rate, growth performance and feed utilization were not significantly affected by increasing dietary SPC. Fish fed diet T3 had higher feed intake compared to those fed T1, T2 and T5 diets. Whole body compositions of black sea bream were significantly influenced by SPC replacing FM except for protein, ash and phosphorus content. Condition factor of fish was significantly lower in T2 than that of fish in T3 group. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter was higher in fish fed T6 diet than those of fish fed T1 and T2 diets, ADCs of phosphorus increased with dietary SPC level up to T3 and then decreased. The results obtained in this study indicate that FM protein could be effectively replaced by SPC protein with phytase in diet of black sea bream.