西吉县黄家二岔小流域地表径流和土壤渗透性能的研究

运用人工模拟降雨和径流小区试验方法,研究了宁夏西吉县黄家二岔小流域的土壤渗透性能。结果表明,影响土壤渗透性能的主要因子是土地利用方式、地面坡度、土壤含水率、土壤总孔隙度和雨强。据此,提出了充分利用干旱地区有限降水资源的建议。     

A review of tree fodder production and utilization within smallholder agroforestry systems in Kenya

Although the biological advantages in terms of animal production and improved soil fertility of the use of herbaceous legumes have been well demonstrated in Kenya and elsewhere, adoption by small-scale farmers has often been disappointing. This has led to increased research into the use of both indigenous and exotic fodder trees. In common with conventional pasture legumes, tree fodders contain high levels of crude protein and minerals and many show high levels of digestibility. They are readily accepted by livestock and presumably because of their deep-root systems, they continue to produce well into the dry season. Antinutritive factors can be a problem, however, and polyphenolics, toxic amino acids, cyanogenic glycosides and alkaloids are found in many tree species. There are abundant niches on small farms where fodder trees can be grown without affecting crop production. Although detailed management recommendations are lacking, guidelines exist with regard to appropriate cutting heights and harvesting frequencies. In the Embu region, it has been estimated that three kg of fresh fodder of Calliandra calothyrsus has the same effect on milk production as one kg of commercial dairy meal. Up to about 500 trees (250 m of hedgerow) will produce enough fodder to supplement one dairy cow for a complete lactation. The tree fodder can either replace the concentrate without loss of yield, or it can complement it to produce more milk. It is being enthusiastically adopted by small-scale farmers, many of whom are starting to produce their own seed. Other tree species are now being studied in order to avoid over-reliance on a single fodder species. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

云南民族地区食用松毛虫的调查

在云南省民族地区经过深入广泛的调查,发现了一个鲜为人知的事实,即云南民间少数民族,如哈尼,傣,拉祜,佤族等具有悠久的食用松毛虫的历史。思茅地区共１０个县,至少８个县有人食用。其它地区有临沧,景洪,玉溪等。据调查研究,这一传统与历史上的饥荒有关。     

伊春林区门式起重机载荷利用率的调查与分析

林用门式起重机的设计,其工作类型可根据资源、林相、到材方式和产量等因素确定。而现有正在使用的林用门式起重机的实际使用情况.会给设计者提供某些参考数据。本文对伊春林区所用的门式起重机进行了调查统计分析,得出了该林区每台门式起重机的载荷利用率、平均载荷利用率,希望能对确定合理的林用门式起重机工作类型,提供参考数据。     

城市木材工业走在可持续发展道路中

城市木材工业是城市林业的组成部分。在发展城市林业的木材工业生产时,要遵守森林资源的综合利用与环境保护相协调,要特森林资源节约放在首位。因此,在发展城市木材工业生产过程中,推行减量化、回收利用、再循环、重组合、代用品、重现性、重整修、再生产等一系列措施,使城市木材工业稳步地可持续发展。     

中国玉米主要种质杂种优势群的划分及其改良利用

根据配合力,杂种优势,系谱关系,生理和遗传特点及形态特征等,结合育种实践,将我国玉米种质分改良Ｒｅｉｄ,Ｌａｎｃａｓｔｅｒ（Ｍｏ１７和自３３０两个亚群）四平头,旅大红骨和其它（外杂选,综合品种选Ｓｕｗａｎ和低纬度种质４个亚群）５个杂种优势群９个亚群,提出了若干改良利用意见,并对种质基础狭窄,杂优群划分与利用,种质改良等问题进行了讨论。     

Hydraulic Reliability Designing Methods of Gas-Transport Network under High and Medium Pressure

This article analyses the hydraulic reliability of gas -transport network under high andmedium pressure in detail, To increase the hydraulic reliability, it is available to improve the send outpressure in permissible condition.     

耐低钾冬小麦基因型筛选方法的研究

通过液培实验及低钾土壤上的田间实验,比较,讨论了耐低钾冬小麦基因型的筛选指标,时期及钾浓度,结果表明：液培筛选的评价指标,吸钾量优于钾利用指数,筛选的适宜时期为拔节期,钾浓度以１．０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＫ＾＋为宜,低钾土壤７种基因型的经济产量与植株地上部吸钾量间存在极显著正相关（ｒ＝０．９４５,ｎ＝２１）。冬小麦吸收的钾主要来自于１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ热ＮＨＯ３不能提取的非交换性钾,吸钾量亦可作主田间筛选的评价指标     

The use of genetic resources in crop improvement: Lessons from China

The use of crop genetic resources in improvement programmes should be the ultimate objective of all undertakings in the field of germplasm resources. The present situation and future direction of the use of crop germplasm in China was assessed from responses to a questionnaire distributed to 165 plant breeders and curators nationwide. The general opinions for the limiting factors of germplasm utilization were also evaluated. Responses from the questionnaire indicated that the use of germplasm in breeding programmes is much more important than the direct use of germplasm in crop production as cultivars released. Among different types of crop genetic resources, released varieties and breeding lines contribute more to crop breeding. Wild relatives and genetic stocks, however, are expected to play a greater role in the future. Landraces will remain important in improvement. Limited useful germplasm available to breeders is the basic reason for the insufficient use of germplasm in crop breeding at present. The complex reasons which affect the availability of useful germplasm involve the research level, links between breeder and curator and others. To counter these, we propose some suggestions and measures which can be implemented in the near future.     

窝铺山区森林植被水土保持效益及资源植物开发利用途径的研究

森林植被在涵养水源保持水土,减少土壤流失的作用很大,植物措施投资少,见效快、可长期发挥效益.对窝铺流域三年的治理及观测研究表明:森林植被保持水土效益明显;土壤侵蚀量小于其它植被类型;改善了生态环境;利于建立新的生态平衡,保证农业高产、优质稳定地发展.作者同时对研究区内的资源植物进行了调查分类,对资源植物的保护和开发利用提出了几个值得注意的问题.