毛竹种群空间格局及分株间关联性——重复空间点格局分析

随着空间调查数据的增多和有重复的空间格局试验设计的需要,重复空间点格局分析方法不断得到研究和应用。采用有重复的空间点格局分析方法研究了不同营林模式下毛竹种群的空间分布格局及其分株间的空间关联性。结果表明：I类经营模式下形成的毛竹种群空间格局呈现随机分布,II类和III类经营模式分别在1.6-2.2 m和0.4-2.6 m尺度上达到了均匀分布的显著水平,表现为随着经营干扰强度的增大,毛竹种群在小尺度（〈3 m）上趋向于均匀分布;在较大尺度（〉4 m）上,3种营林模式毛竹种群空间格局均表现为随机分布;母株与新分株的空间关联性在3种营林模式下较为一致的表现出小尺度上的正关联,并在III类经营模式下,0.6 m、0.8 m和2.2 m尺度上达到了正关联的显著水平,而在较大尺度上,3种营林模式母株与新分株空间格局均表现为无明显的关联性。     

Yield and olive oil characteristics of a low-density orchard (cv. Cordovil) subjected to different irrigation regimes

The impact of different irrigation scheduling regimes on the quantity and quality of olive oil from a low-density olive grove in southern Portugal was assessed during the irrigation seasons of 2006 and 2007. Olive trees were subjected to one of the following treatments: A—full irrigation; B—sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) with 60% of ETc water applied with irrigation; C—regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) with irrigation water applied at three critical phases: before flowering, at the beginning of pit hardening and before crop harvesting and D—rain-fed treatment. Olive oil yield was significantly higher than rain-fed conditions in 2006, an “on year” of significant rainfall during summer. No significant yield differences were observed in the following “off year”. Among the irrigated treatments, olive oil production of treatment B was 32.5% and 40.1% higher in 2006 and 2007, respectively than the fully irrigated treatment A, despite receiving 49% less irrigation water. Such strategy could allow for an efficient use of water in the region, of very limited available resources, and for modest but important oil yield increase. Nonetheless, on the “on year” of 2006 treatment C used 13.9% of the water applied to treatment B and produced only 23.9% less olive fruits which could also make it illegible as the next possible strategy to use for irrigating olive trees in the region, provided that water is secured latter in the summer, a period of vital importance for oil accumulation and very sensitive to water stress as the poor results of 2007 revealed. The different treatment water regimes did not impact on the chemical characteristics of olive oils that were within the set threshold limits. Similarly, the sensory characteristics of the olive oils as well as bitterness and pungency were negligible for all treatments allowing them to be assessed as of “superior quality”.Overall, irrigation treatments had no influence on the commercial value of produced oils, being all classified as “extra virgin”. Such funding may be of vital importance to farmers willing to further their irrigation area, save water and still retain the protected designation of origin (PDO) seal of quality for their oil.     

磁化水灌溉对设施灵武长枣生长与果实品质的影响

为探究不同磁强磁化水灌溉对设施灵武长枣营养生长与果实品质的影响,以宁夏灵武市大泉林场基地设施栽培的灵武长枣为研究对象,对其营养生长(枣吊长、枣吊粗、叶面积等)和果实品质(可溶性糖含量、有机酸含量、Vc含量等)进行了测定分析。结果表明,采用ADS-1800磁强磁化水灌溉对枣吊生长的促进作用最大,枣吊净生长量较CK增加了15.6%;ADS-1400磁强磁化水灌溉提高了设施灵武长枣的单株产量,可达7.62 kg,增产效果最显著;ADS-800磁强磁化水灌溉可增加设施灵武长枣的可溶性固形物及可溶性糖含量,较CK分别增加了5.5%和4.38%。因此,不同磁强磁化水处理能促进灵武长枣的营养生长,影响果实品质。本研究结果为磁化水灌溉技术在设施灵武长枣生产上的应用提供了参考依据。     

中棉所12(Gossypium hirsutum C.V.Zhongmian 12)体细胞胚发生及植株再生

通过对不同外植体的研究,发现幼胚下胚轴是理想的外植体材料,２,４－Ｄ和ＺＴ是中棉所１２体细胞胚发生的关键植物生长调节物。从愈伤组织诱导到大量再生植株只需４个月左右的时间。     

‘全红杨’在北京地区的引种栽培技术研究

为了探索‘全红杨’在北京地区能否引种成功,采用繁殖法、田间观察法、色素测定法、抗性分析法、市场调查法等多种方法,对从河南濮阳引种到北京地区的‘全红杨’进行多方面的研究。结果表明,‘全红杨’生长正常,能完成完整的生命活动周期;容易繁殖,其高位嫁接繁殖成活率83%,低位嫁接成活率85%,硬枝扦插成活率88%;色彩鲜艳又稳定,花青素含量高,测定值为0.0383 mg/g,比紫绿叶的‘中红杨’高83.25%,比绿色叶的‘加杨’高100.52%;抗性表现良好,耐寒又耐瘠薄;经济价值高,高接苗比中红杨市场售价高2倍以上。依据引种标准判断,‘全红杨’在北京地区引种成功,同时,通过2个年度的栽培管理与观察,得出‘全红杨’栽培管理技术要点,希望为进一步扩繁栽培提供参考依据。     

Interspecific cross‐hybrids of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. (gla.) S ‘K326’ with Nicotiana alata

In order to introduce the Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) resistance from Nicotiana alata into Nicotiana tabacum, a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line of N. tabacum (N. tabacum L. cv. (gla.) S ‘K326’), was successfully crossed with N. alata. Despite a high DNA content variability, F₁ hybrids could be classified in two subgroups, a major one encompassing fertile hybrids morphologically similar to their tobacco maternal parent but TSWV sensitive, and a minor one displaying sterile hybrids showing an intermediate phenotype and TSWV resistant. In order to elucidate the unexpected fertility recovery of the fertile F₁ plants, some N. alata fertility restoration ppr genes were cloned and were shown to be differentially expressed between parental lineages as well as between both F₁ subgroups, suggesting that N. alata contains fertility restoring allele able to overcome the CMS of N. tabacum.     

‘冬枣’子代种子萌发及下胚轴诱导愈伤组织研究

为实施‘冬枣’遗传改良方案,以采自山西柳林自然授粉获得的‘冬枣’子代种子为材料,测量种子横、纵径、种仁率等基本形态指标,并进一步研究种子萌发最适条件和下胚轴诱导愈伤组织适宜培养基。结果表明：（1）‘冬枣’子代种子横径为(8.62±0.05) mm,纵径为(17.95±0.05) mm,千粒重为(54.27±4.62) g,种仁率为(64.17±3.82)%,‘冬枣’属于种仁率较高的枣树品种。（2）种仁在含有GA3 0.4 g/L的萌发培养基中预处理24 h后接种到萌发培养基上,最有利于种仁萌发,萌发率可达100%;液体萌发培养基稍好于固体萌发培养基,但未达显著水平。（3）下胚轴诱导愈伤组织的适宜培养基为1/2MS+ TDZ 1.0 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L,诱导率为(60.00±3.02)%。     

冬枣蜜蜂授粉与绿色防控技术集成应用及效果分析

为有效解决随枣树规模化种植出现的,枣树授粉过度依赖激素及病虫防控过度依赖化学农药的双重问题。通过建立示范区开展冬枣蜜蜂授粉与病虫绿色防控集成应用探索,集成了以保护蜜蜂、果品安全,提高蜜蜂授粉效率的配套技术。同时,采取田间小区试验研究蜜蜂授粉有效半径及蜜蜂授粉对枣树坐果、果实发育的影响,结果表明：4足框蜂群有效授粉半径为150 m。与常规赤霉素授粉相比,通过蜜蜂授粉畸形果率降低了57.14%;幼果纵茎、纵向周长、单果重量,分别增加2.25 mm、6.72 mm 和1.43 g。同时通过蜜蜂授粉可有效改善枣果品质、提高枣果商品率,较赤霉素授粉商品率提高7.1%,市场售价每kg增加1.5元。蜜蜂授粉可有效替代赤霉素授粉,保证枣树坐果,减少枣果畸形,提升枣果品质,增加果农收入。     

土壤水分胁迫下茶树部分渗透调节物质的变化

为了了解不同茶树品种对干旱环境的适应性,分析了土壤水分胁迫对茶树部分渗透调节物质含量变化的影响。以茶树‘铁观音’和‘福鼎大白茶’2年生幼苗为材料,采用盆栽试验的方法,研究了在正常供水(土壤含水量为田间最大持水量的75%)、轻度水分胁迫(55%)、中度水分胁迫(35%)和重度水分胁迫(20%)条件下,茶树部分渗透调节物质的变化情况。结果表明,正常供水条件下,‘铁观音’叶片相对含水量、脯氨酸含量低于‘福鼎大白茶’,可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量高于‘福鼎大白茶’;水分胁迫下‘铁观音’、‘福鼎大白茶’叶片相对含水量随胁迫程度的加大而降低,可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖以及脯氨酸的含量随胁迫程度的加大而增多,但在重度胁迫下,‘福鼎大白茶’的可溶性蛋白质及脯氨酸含量下降。在相同的水分胁迫条件下,‘铁观音’叶片相对含水量的降幅都小于‘福鼎大白茶’,而可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量的增幅都比‘福鼎大白茶’大。表明在土壤水分胁迫下‘铁观音’的渗透调节适应能力高于‘福鼎大白茶’。     

冬枣锈病发生与叶龄及其解剖结构关系的研究

为探讨冬枣叶龄、叶片解剖结构与锈病侵染和发病程度的关系,对冬枣3种不同叶龄的叶片进行锈病接种试验,并对叶片组织解剖结构进行了测定。结果表明：3种叶龄叶片感病程度由低到高依次为：成熟叶< 长成叶<嫩叶,由此可见,成熟叶对锈病的抵抗力最强;3种叶龄叶解剖性状在角质层厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅海比、叶片结构紧密度、叶片结构疏松度、气孔密度和气孔大小等指标有显著差异,但气孔开张结构性状差异不显著。文章筛选出了与冬枣锈病发生有关的叶片形态结构指标,为合理的控制冬枣锈病和筛选抗锈病冬枣优良单株的提供了理论依据。