Crookedness of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) growing under a canopy of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Natural regeneration of pedunculate oak growing under a canopy of Scots may be used for conversion into a mixed or predominantly broadleaved forest. From an economic perspective it is desirable that the oaks have straight stems. In this paper we present a case study for analysing oak stem curvature and its causes. The study was conducted in a mature pine stand with understorey oaks of age ca. 60 years in Poland. The oaks were classified into two main groups as either straight or crooked. The following variables were measured or assessed for the oaks: (1) stem curvature (crookedness), total tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and some tree crown characteristics, (2) the growth of DBH and height in each year of the life of each tree and (3) the competitive pressure of surrounding trees. Durable stem curvatures were formed at the culmination of the height increment. The first 20 years of the life of the oak were crucial in terms of stem quality. The annual height increment was larger in the years when the curvature was formed than in adjacent years. The factors that caused crooked stems were the same for straight and crooked oaks, but the magnitude of the response was different. When planning the conversion of Scots pine into oak, full overhead light should be provided as early as possible, but not later than 20 years since the establishment of the regeneration.     

农村电网优化电压制式及经济供电半径的研究

随着中国农村电气化的发展,农网的用电负荷和用电量与日俱增,现行的电压制式已不能满足需求,如何选取更好的电压等级制式方案成为迫切需要解决的问题。该文在对电网结构模型进行合理设计的基础上,通过对电网经济参数、费用的计算,建立以单位供电面积年费用最小为目标函数,以电网各电压等级供电半径为优化变量的有约束非线性规划模型。应用该模型优化所得的目标值对不同电压等级制式方案进行经济比较,研究结果表明未来中国农网电压制式应简化电压等级,中压配电电压应发展到20 kV及35 kV,农网供电半径应根据经济供电半径的参考取值进     

Relationship between curvature ductility of column and structural displacement ductility for concrete frame structures

Based on the domestic experimental data of multi-storey concrete frame structures, the relationship between curvature ductility of concrete frame column and structural displacement ductility is proposed. 32 sets experimental data of system displacement ductility and the corresponding storey displacement ductility, which are mainly obtained from beam hinge yield mechanism and failure mechanism, are collected, and statistical property of system placement ductility is analyzed. Curvature ductility of concrete frame column is derived from storey displacement ductility factor by the classical analytic solution, and relationship between curvature ductility of frame column and structural displacement ductility is established. Correlation coefficient (R) for fitting power exponent function model and sample test data is 0.775. Results of nonlinear numerical analysis examples show that statistical function model is able to direct the ductility control design of concrete frame column.     

Longitudinal bone transport for treatment of primary bone tumors in dogs: technique description and outcome in 9 dogs

OBJECTIVE: To describe a surgical technique for bone transport osteogenesis (BTO) limb salvage and report outcome in 9 dogs with primary bone tumors. ANIMALS: Nine dogs with spontaneously occurring primary bone tumors. RESULTS: BTO surgery was performed as a primary means of limb salvage in 7 dogs and as a salvage procedure after catastrophic allograft infection and failure in 2 dogs. Mean defect size was 9.5 cm with a mean of 123 days distraction until docking. Mean time from surgery to fixator removal was 205 days. Minimum follow-up was 9 months. There were 2 histologically confirmed local recurrences where although limb function was excellent, eventually resulted in limb amputation. Limb function was good to excellent in all but 2 dogs; 1 was chronically non-weight bearing before BTO surgery because of complications associated with an allograft limb salvage that had been performed previously on the same limb. The cause of lameness in the other dog was undetermined. CONCLUSIONS: BTO limb salvage can be successful in dogs with primary bone tumors. Whereas allograft limb salvage may be simpler from an initial management perspective, BTO has some unique advantages when compared with the allograft technique. CLINICAL RELEVANCE:BTO has an emerging role in limb salvage surgery for dogs with primary bone tumors. BTO provides excellent long-term outcomes in some dogs with primary bone tumors and will likely become increasingly more attractive as technique modifications allow the duration of the treatment to be shortened.     

Prognostic factors in treating antebrachial growth deformities with a lengthening procedure using a circular external skeletal fixation system in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate treatment of antebrachial growth deformities (AGD) with a lengthening procedure using a circular external skeletal fixation (CESF) system and to determine prognostic factors. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Thirty-four dogs with unilateral AGD. METHODS: Length deficits, angular and rotational deformities, elbow incongruity (EI), osteoarthritis (OA) of the elbow and carpal joint, function, and cosmesis were determined before and after a CESF lengthening procedure. RESULTS: On admission, EI (21 dogs; 62%), OA of the elbow joint (17 dogs; 50%), carpal OA (12 dogs; 35%), and concomitant elbow and carpal OA (5 dogs; 7%) were common findings. Treatment significantly improved function (normal, 20 dogs; 60%) and cosmesis (normal, 22 dogs; 65%). Angular and rotational deformities were almost completely corrected with small remaining length deficits. Elbow and carpal OA increased significantly during the follow-up period. Significant correlations were demonstrated between initial elbow OA and final function (R=0.42, P=.02), initial function and final function (R=0.41, P=.02), and initial ulnar and radial deficit and final cosmesis (R=0.58, P=.0001 and R=0.45, P=.008). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of AGD by a CESF lengthening procedure was successful despite small remaining length deficits. Initial elbow OA, function, and ulnar and radial length deficits are prognostic factors in the treatment of AGD. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Initial elbow OA and initial function are prognostic factors in predicting the functional outcome of treatment of AGD with a CESF lengthening procedure in the dog.     

桂味荔枝果顶形状与种核质量的关系研究

为实现桂味荔枝按种核质量进行工业分级,运用计算机视觉技术、相关分析和回归分析,计算和分析了桂味荔枝的单果质量、横纵比、容积、果顶曲率与种核质量的关系,结果表明:单果质量、横纵比、容积与种核成正相关,果顶曲率与种核质量成负相关且线性相关最显著.建立了果顶曲率与种核质量的回归模型.     

单船海上视觉搜寻水上人员的搜寻方式效率比较

分析了单船海上扩展方形和扇形视觉搜寻水上人员两种方式,通过建立衡量单船海上视觉搜寻水上人员两种高效搜寻方式的数学模型并结合《国际航空和海上搜寻救助手册》对其进行定量分析,得出在搜寻半径为2～5 n mile的较小搜寻区域内,扩展方形视觉搜寻方式的效率高于扇形视觉搜寻方式的结论,为海上视觉搜寻决策者进行科学决策提供依据。     

凸轮轮廓的CAD

在农产品和食品加工的自动化机械设备中,广泛应用凸轮机构。凸轮轮廓的设计有图解法和解析法,人们常用的是图解法。然而,图解法的误差较大,解析法的精度高,且可使用计算机进行辅助设计(Computer Aided Design)。用计算机辅助设计凸轮轮廓的方法简称为凸轮轮廓的CAD。在自动化机械设备中,应用最广泛的凸轮机构是直动滚子从动件盘状凸轮和摆动滚子从动件盘状凸轮。本文讨论这两种凸轮轮廓的CAD的有关问题,并提出计算机的编程方案。