东北典型黑土区土壤侵蚀过程顺坡起垄垄沟水力学特征分析

垄沟是垄作长缓坡耕地土壤侵蚀过程的重要汇流路径。明确垄沟的水力学特征,对于模拟东北典型黑土区垄作坡耕地土壤侵蚀过程至关重要。研究采用室内模拟降雨的方法,系统分析不同垄作方式、坡度、雨强等条件下垄沟的主要水力学参数和变量。结果表明:不同垄作方式下,坡面侵蚀量整体为窄垄宽垄无垄,并与坡度和雨强乘积呈线性正相关。水力半径随雨强和坡度的变化曲线呈对数关系;宽垄水力半径比窄垄高8.4%～11.6%,平均为10.0%。在坡度和雨强相同的情况下,宽垄垄沟糙率整体高于窄垄垄沟糙率;且在坡度递增后,宽垄垄沟糙率相较于窄垄垄沟减小幅度更弱。已有土壤侵蚀模型的坡面糙率建议取值低于本区实际观测值,需结合实际情况对其重新率定,其结果可为研究区土壤侵蚀过程模拟提供依据。     

虚拟犁体曲面的性能分析

以LEMLON犁体曲面为基础,在Pro/E中分析了犁体曲面的基本性能,指出其存在的问题;然后,在An-sys上对梨体曲面进行有限元分析,找出了犁体曲面在设计中的薄弱环节,从而为犁体曲面的优化设计提供了有利的支撑。     

The contribution of structural indices to the modelling of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) and birch (Betula spp.) crowns

Crown dimensions are important for the quantification of tree interactions in some growth models. This study investigates the potential for structural indices and other spatial measures to improve the prediction of crown radius and crown length for birch (Betula spp.) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) in forests in Wales. Crown dimensions were measured for 125 birch and 154 spruce in six fully stem-mapped research plots. These data were used to test the performance of a crown radius model and a crown length model which estimated crown dimensions on the basis of allometric relationships with stem dimensions. Spatial data from the six plots were used to calculate the structural indices mean directional index, diameter correlation index, species mingling, dbh and height dominance, and dbh differentiation, as well as the Hegyi competition index, and basal area of neighbours and larger neighbours, for each crown measurement sample tree, using various numbers of nearest neighbours. Two non-spatial indices, BAL and BALMOD, were also calculated for all sample trees for comparison. These spatial and non-spatial variables were then incorporated into modified crown dimension models. Model performances, in terms of efficiency and relative bias, were compared to determine whether the inclusion of spatial or non-spatial variables resulted in any improvements over models using tree dimensions alone. Crown length and radius were found to be correlated with most of the spatial measures studied. Models incorporating spatial variables gave improvements in performance over allometric models for every data set, and performed more consistently than models containing non-spatial variables. The greatest improvements were achieved for suppressed birch in unthinned forests which had irregularly shaped and strongly displaced crowns. The spatial variable contributing to the most efficient model for each data set varied widely. This points to the complexity of tree spatial interactions and indicates that there is a great deal of scope for investigating other structural indices and crown dimension model forms.     

秸秆添加与土壤基质势对棕壤压缩回弹特性的影响

土壤板结是农田土壤退化问题之一,秸秆还田是提高土壤有机质含量、改良土壤的重要措施。但秸秆还田和土壤基质势对土壤板结的影响尚不明确。试验设0,3,5 g/kg 3个秸秆添加量处理,以及高(1 000 kPa)、中(100 kPa)、和低(10 kPa)3个土壤基质势处理。通过固结试验,测定不同处理的压缩曲线并计算压缩回弹特性指标。结果表明：秸秆添加量、土壤基质势及其二者间的交互作用对压缩曲线最大曲率、预固结压力值、压缩指数和回弹指数的影响都达到显著性水平。预固结压力值、压缩指数和回弹指数均随着秸秆添加量的增加而增大,而最大曲率则随着秸秆增加量的提高而降低。土壤基质势与压缩曲线最大曲率、预固结压力值和压缩指数均呈正相关关系。回弹指数随着土壤基质势的增加呈现先降低后增加的趋势。秸秆添加有助于提高土壤回弹和抗压缩特性。     

浅析数控车床刀尖圆弧半径补偿

数控车床加工中车刀的刀尖圆弧半径补偿是影响零件加工精度的重要因素之一。本文分析了圆弧刀尖在零件加工中影响精度的原因,介绍了刀尖圆弧半径补偿方法、过程及注意事项,并通过实例进行说明。     

数控曲线往复锯的总体设计研究

介绍了数控曲线往复锯的总体设计方案和进给方案,并对数控曲线锯切加工工艺进行了分析,推导出加工曲线曲率半径满足的条件。     

Qualitative Analysis of an Exponential Dynamic Neural Networks

The exponential dynamic neural network proposed.by T.D.Chiuch and R.M.Goodman in 1988 is investigated. A concise sufficient condition for the given standard patterns to bestable is presented. A one-step conversence radius of such a stable state is obtained. It is also shownthat there do not exist sporious stable states in the probabilistic sense.