电子灯光诱杀虫技术发展

随着地球自然生态环境的破坏,世界性植物虫害日趋严重以及长期以来普遍施用和滥施农药,造成环境恶化,蛾类害虫的抗药性和耐药性不断增强。在倡导绿色无污染的今天,灯光诱杀虫技术作为物理防治的一项重要内容,得到了越来越多的应用。该文通过查阅大量国内外文献,对灯光诱杀虫技术的原理、发展过程、诱杀虫灯诱虫的有效距离以及存在的问题做了一个总结性的陈述,并对灯光诱杀虫技术的发展方向做了展望。     

沼气池球盖曲率半径及容积速算法

沼气池球盖曲率半径和沼气池容积是沼气工程设计、施工等人员进行沼气池设计、施工、预决算的主要数据,也是沼气工程管理人员核查沼气工程施工正确与否的主要依据,数据既要正确又要快速计算,这对施工人员和工程管理人员要求较高。介绍了一种计算沼气池球盖曲率半径和沼气池容积的速算方法。     

大曲率碾压砼双曲拱坝连续翻升模

结合具有曲率大、倒悬度大及高度高等特点的招徕河双曲拱坝模板规划设计这一工程实例,研制出一套适用于大曲率碾压砼双曲拱坝施工连续上升的模板体系。该模板体系在工程应用中取得了巨大成功,采用该模板体系的招徕河双曲拱坝最高月浇筑上升高度为27.3m,创国内碾压砼坝坝工界上升速度新纪录,获2005年度中国十大重大创新项目称号。大曲率碾压砼双曲拱坝连续翻升模板的成功研制填补了国内外在这一领域的空白。本文阐述了该模板体系研制的基本思路和过程,对研制成功的产品原理和功能进行了简要介绍,并简述了这一模板体系的应用效果。     

样品尺寸对竹材顺纹压缩力学性能的影响研究

以毛竹为研究对象,通过对不同尺寸的样品进行顺纹压缩测试,分析样品尺寸对竹材顺纹压缩模量和顺纹抗压强度的影响。结果显示：竹材的顺纹压缩模量与竹壁厚度、样品高度、弧度呈正相关关系,顺纹抗压强度与竹壁厚度、样品高度、弧度呈负相关关系。在弹性变形阶段,样品尺寸的增加会提高维管束的组织比量而增大竹材顺纹压缩模量的计算值,在塑性变形阶段,样品尺寸和弧度会导致提前失稳而降低竹材的顺纹抗压强度。     

基于耕作半径分析的山区农村居民点布局优化

该文以四川省西昌市为例,探讨了基于耕作半径分析的山区农村居民点布局优化方法。首先对西昌市高山陡坡区、低山缓坡区、河谷平原区农村居民点特征进行分析,而后借助GIS欧氏距离分析工具及网络分析模块来分析3个区域适宜的耕作半径,以及西昌市农村居民点向"0.5、1、2、3、4、5 hm~2"农村居民点聚集后耕作半径的变化,最后提出西昌市不同区域"合村并居"策略。研究结果表明:西昌市农村居民点破碎化程度高,微型与小型农村居民点数量占总数量的94.8%。河谷平原区、低山缓坡区、高山陡坡区适宜的耕作半径分别为3000~4000、750~950、550~750m。河谷平原区农村居民点向大于3 hm~2农村居民点聚集后,可形成具有一定规模的村庄,并满足耕作半径要求;低山缓坡区部分农村居民点可向大于1 hm~2,且交通便捷的农村居民点集中,从而形成具有一定规模的农村居民点;高山陡坡区农村居民点就地迁并价值不高,除部分少数民族聚居点以外,其他农村居民点迁并工程应与退耕还林还草、异地扶贫搬迁、山地保护与修复等工程协同推进,逐渐向低山缓坡区与河谷平原区迁移。该方法可用于计算不同区域适宜的耕作半径,及不同合村并居情景对耕作半径的影响,从而提高合村并居规划的合理性。     

土壤蓄热-放热过程中地埋管周围土壤温度特性模拟

为探索内蒙中部地区地源热泵蓄热-放热过程中地埋管周围土壤温度变化特性,以垂直U型地埋管周围土壤为研究对象,基于有限元分析法建立了二维非稳态传热物理数学模型。在与试验结果进行验证的基础上,对土壤蓄热、放热和蓄热-放热耦合过程进行模拟研究。分析了热作用半径、单位管长换热量和土壤温度随热泵运行时间及运行模式的变化规律;单一条件下的蓄热、放热以及蓄热-放热耦合模式下土壤热平衡问题,探讨了流体入口流速、温度、土壤类型和热泵运行模式等因素对土壤温度场的影响。研究结果表明:热作用半径随蓄热时间的增加而增大且逐渐趋于平缓,热泵运行25和28 d后,热作用半径分别为3.3和3.4 m;流体入口温度对热作用半径及单位管长换热量影响较大但流体流速影响较小,流体入口温度和速度分别为40、60℃和0.6、1.2 m/s时,对应热作用半径分别为3.7、4.5和3.5、3.6 m。合理的间歇运行模式对换热量及埋管周围土壤温度的恢复均有改善;土壤导热系数越大土壤温度恢复时间与效果越佳,土壤导热系数为3.1 W/(m?K)时恢复后温度为9.3℃(土壤初温9.5℃)。此外,蓄热-放热耦合模式下换热量不等对土壤热平衡具有较大影响。试验验证表明,所建模型具有一定的准确性其相对最大误差为5.35%。     

叶卷曲突变体的研究进展

介绍了卷叶突变体的类型,并从细胞水平、激素调控、分子遗传及环境因素等方面综述了叶卷曲突变体发生的机制。     

Competition and tree crowns: A neighborhood analysis of three boreal tree species

Competition for canopy space is a fundamental structuring feature of forest ecosystems and remains an enduring focus of research attention. We used a spatial neighborhood approach to quantify the influence of local competition on the size of individual tree crowns in north-central British Columbia, where forests are dominated by subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and interior spruce (Picea glauca × engelmanii). Using maximum likelihood methods, we quantified crown radius and length as functions of tree size and competition, estimated by the species identity and spatial arrangement of neighboring trees. Tree crown size depended on tree bole size in all species. Given low levels of competition, pine displayed the widest, shortest tree crowns compared to the relatively long and narrow crowns found in spruce and fir. Sensitivity to crowding by neighbors declined with increasing tree height in all but the pine crown radius model. Five of the six selected best models included separate competition coefficients for each neighboring tree species, evidence that species generally differ in their competitive effects on neighboring tree crowns. The selected crown radius model for lodgepole pine, a shade-intolerant species, treated all neighbors as equivalent competitors. In all species, competition from neighbors exerted an important influence on crown size. Per-capita effects of competition across different sizes and species of neighbors and target trees varied, but subalpine fir generally displayed the strongest competitive effects on neighbors. Results from this study provide evidence that species differ both in their response to competition and in their competitive influence on neighbors, factors that may contribute to maintaining coexistence.     

The analysis on pre splitting blasting to improve permeability draining rate in heading excavation

Aiming at the problem of low excavation speed and high risk of coal and gas outburst because of low gas draining rate in heading excavation,and taking an excavation heading of a mine for example,the test of deep hole pre splitting blasting is processed.The amount of gas draining after pre splitting is compared with the amount of direct draining,and the effective radius of draining is surveyed.The test result shows that the draining rate of K1 coal seam reaches 37.13 %,which reduces the draining time by 60%,10 days after pre splitting,and the gas desorption index exceeds the standards until the fifth blasting.The draining rate of K4 needs 12 days to reach 34.28 %,which reduces the draining time by 60%,and the gas desorption index exceeds the standards when the third blasting processes.Obviously,the effect of gas draining is improved by pre splitting blasting.The effective draining radius of K1 and K4 are 4.5 and 5.2 m respectively after pre splitting blasting.The research can provide reference for the fieldwork of pre splitting blasting.     

Image inpainting based on nonlinear anisotropic diffusions

Following the features of curvature and gradient at image edges,an image inpainting method based on nonlinear anisotropic diffusion is proposed.The diffusion can be conducted with different directions and different intensities according to the geometric features of the inpainted images.An adaptive factor is introduced based on the curvature and gradient of the image local geometric information,which can control the diffusion direction and diffusion intensity.At the edges in images,the diffusion coefficients are large for the horizontal directions,while the diffusion coefficients are small for the vertical directions.At the smooth regions,the diffusion coefficients are the same for different directions and they are usually large.Compared with the typical total variation method,the curvature derivation diffusion method,and P-laplace constant variation method,the experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the qualities of the inpainted images