基于耕作半径分析的山区农村居民点布局优化

该文以四川省西昌市为例,探讨了基于耕作半径分析的山区农村居民点布局优化方法。首先对西昌市高山陡坡区、低山缓坡区、河谷平原区农村居民点特征进行分析,而后借助GIS欧氏距离分析工具及网络分析模块来分析3个区域适宜的耕作半径,以及西昌市农村居民点向"0.5、1、2、3、4、5 hm~2"农村居民点聚集后耕作半径的变化,最后提出西昌市不同区域"合村并居"策略。研究结果表明:西昌市农村居民点破碎化程度高,微型与小型农村居民点数量占总数量的94.8%。河谷平原区、低山缓坡区、高山陡坡区适宜的耕作半径分别为3000~4000、750~950、550~750m。河谷平原区农村居民点向大于3 hm~2农村居民点聚集后,可形成具有一定规模的村庄,并满足耕作半径要求;低山缓坡区部分农村居民点可向大于1 hm~2,且交通便捷的农村居民点集中,从而形成具有一定规模的农村居民点;高山陡坡区农村居民点就地迁并价值不高,除部分少数民族聚居点以外,其他农村居民点迁并工程应与退耕还林还草、异地扶贫搬迁、山地保护与修复等工程协同推进,逐渐向低山缓坡区与河谷平原区迁移。该方法可用于计算不同区域适宜的耕作半径,及不同合村并居情景对耕作半径的影响,从而提高合村并居规划的合理性。     

叶卷曲突变体的研究进展

介绍了卷叶突变体的类型,并从细胞水平、激素调控、分子遗传及环境因素等方面综述了叶卷曲突变体发生的机制。     

Competition and tree crowns: A neighborhood analysis of three boreal tree species

Competition for canopy space is a fundamental structuring feature of forest ecosystems and remains an enduring focus of research attention. We used a spatial neighborhood approach to quantify the influence of local competition on the size of individual tree crowns in north-central British Columbia, where forests are dominated by subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and interior spruce (Picea glauca × engelmanii). Using maximum likelihood methods, we quantified crown radius and length as functions of tree size and competition, estimated by the species identity and spatial arrangement of neighboring trees. Tree crown size depended on tree bole size in all species. Given low levels of competition, pine displayed the widest, shortest tree crowns compared to the relatively long and narrow crowns found in spruce and fir. Sensitivity to crowding by neighbors declined with increasing tree height in all but the pine crown radius model. Five of the six selected best models included separate competition coefficients for each neighboring tree species, evidence that species generally differ in their competitive effects on neighboring tree crowns. The selected crown radius model for lodgepole pine, a shade-intolerant species, treated all neighbors as equivalent competitors. In all species, competition from neighbors exerted an important influence on crown size. Per-capita effects of competition across different sizes and species of neighbors and target trees varied, but subalpine fir generally displayed the strongest competitive effects on neighbors. Results from this study provide evidence that species differ both in their response to competition and in their competitive influence on neighbors, factors that may contribute to maintaining coexistence.     

The analysis on pre splitting blasting to improve permeability draining rate in heading excavation

Aiming at the problem of low excavation speed and high risk of coal and gas outburst because of low gas draining rate in heading excavation,and taking an excavation heading of a mine for example,the test of deep hole pre splitting blasting is processed.The amount of gas draining after pre splitting is compared with the amount of direct draining,and the effective radius of draining is surveyed.The test result shows that the draining rate of K1 coal seam reaches 37.13 %,which reduces the draining time by 60%,10 days after pre splitting,and the gas desorption index exceeds the standards until the fifth blasting.The draining rate of K4 needs 12 days to reach 34.28 %,which reduces the draining time by 60%,and the gas desorption index exceeds the standards when the third blasting processes.Obviously,the effect of gas draining is improved by pre splitting blasting.The effective draining radius of K1 and K4 are 4.5 and 5.2 m respectively after pre splitting blasting.The research can provide reference for the fieldwork of pre splitting blasting.     

关于射影Ricci曲率的比较定理与共形不变性

主要研究了芬斯勒度量的射影Ricci曲率.首先,在一个完备的芬斯勒流形上,证明了关于芬斯勒度量的射影Ricci曲率的一个比较定理.其次,刻画了两个共形相关的芬斯勒度量的射影Ricci曲率的关系.在此基础上,证明了两个位似相关的芬斯勒度量的射影Ricci曲率是相等的.     

蜗壳隔舌半径对离心泵性能及水力载荷特性的影响

为研究蜗壳隔舌半径对离心泵性能及水力载荷特性的影响,针对同一叶轮匹配5种不同隔舌半径的离心泵进行非定常数值计算.通过计算获得了不同泵的水力性能、压力脉动特征、叶片载荷及叶轮上的径向力分布,并且与试验结果进行对比分析,验证了采用的数值计算方法具有较高的正确性.研究结果表明:隔舌半径对扬程的影响较小,随隔舌半径的增大,各工况下效率呈先增大后减小的趋势;当隔舌与基圆半径之比TR取值为0.09~0.24时,叶片工作面与背面的载荷差值有最小值,即此时叶片受力沿进口至出口的变化最小;随着隔舌半径的增大,泵内的压力脉动水平逐渐降低,TR=0.03时,叶频处的压力脉动幅值约为TR=0.3时的2倍;隔舌半径对叶轮径向力的大小影响显著,在设计工况下,径向力随隔舌半径的增大而增大,且TR=0.3时的径向力约为TR=0.03时的2.5倍.     

大米直链淀粉分子量分布及分子旋转半径的研究

为了从大米淀粉中有效的分离出直链淀粉，建立直链淀粉分子量的分析方法，从而得出确切的大米直链淀粉分子结构方面的信息，通过使用流变仪控制大米淀粉的升温糊化过程，用浸出法在不同温度下分离出大米直链淀粉，利用高效液相分子排阻色谱(HPSEC)与多角度光散射仪(MALLS)及折光检测器(RI)连用系统，分析了大米直链淀粉的分子量分布和分子旋转半径。得到不同品种的大米淀粉中分离出的直链淀粉的重均分子量范围为3.29×10⁵～2.75×10⁶。研究表明，90℃以上高温不利于用浸出法从直链淀粉含量低的大米淀粉中分离直链淀粉，当温度低于90℃而高于糊化温度时，各个温度下均可用浸出法分离出直链淀粉，得到的直链淀粉具有十分相似的分子量分布、重均分子量和分子旋转半径。该方法是一种简便、快速的分离大米直链淀粉，并测定其分子量的方法，具有较高的准确性。     

荒漠草原不同饮水半径和放牧距离对山羊生产性能的影响

测定了典型荒漠草原,天然放牧状态下的阿尔巴斯白绒山羊,在不同饮水半径,不同放牧距离时的饮水量,蒸发量及体重,产绒量,羔羊成活率,全群死亡率,经济效益等生产性能。试验结果表明,饮水半径在２．６ｋｍ,放牧距离在８．２～１４ｋｍ范围内,隔日饮水对山羊的生产性能无不良影响,各种生产指标与每日饮水的对照组相同或接近。但隔日饮水羊只每日平均饮水量比对照组增加１９．８％～２３．８％。在放牧条件下,饮水半径和放牧距离是影响生产力的主要因素之一。为了饮水,增加徒走距离,使羊只体内营养物质损失加大,对山羊生产性能产生持续、积累、缓慢的消耗性影响,并且随着时间的延长,其作用程度不断增加。在饮水半径为７ｋｍ,放牧距离为２４ｋｍ时,山羊群的各种生产性能明显降低。比有饮水点的对照组两个月平均多减重３．５ｋｇ;产绒量下降５．７１％;流产母羊增加４．１７％;羔羊成活率下降８．２％;每只羊肉、绒年经济效益减少１１．８３元。     

L分布及其应用

给出了Ｌ分布的定义，求得了Ｌ分布的数学期望和方差，并利用最大曲率点对Ｌ分布所描述的增长过程进行了阶段划分，还利用Ｌ分布曲线对作物害虫的羽化进度进行了拟合。