福建官井洋大黄鱼AFLP指纹多态性的研究

对福建官井洋大黄鱼(Pseudosciaenacrocea)野生种群和2个养殖群体进行5对选择性引物(共37个标本)的AFLP分析。结果表明,共检出503个不同的扩增片段(50～450bp),每对引物扩增出的片段数目为76～155个;在5对引物检出的扩增片段中,101个(20.1%)为全部37个受试个体共有,312个(62.0%)为部分野生与养殖个体共有,53个(10.5%)仅见于野生个体,37个(7.4%)仅见于养殖个体,养殖群体中出现野生种群所没有的扩增片段;野生种群、养殖1、养殖2多态片段比例分别为76.6%、70.6%、69.2%,遗传差异度分别为0.2464、0.2322、0.2299,养殖群体多态片段比例与个体间的遗传差异度均低于野生种群。养殖群体的遗传多样性水平较低,遗传变异相对贫乏。     

Growth promoting effects of carp serum components on goldfish culture cells

ABSTRACT:   The growth promoting effect of carp Cyprinus carpio serum was investigated in a medium for goldfish Carassius auratus cell culture. The cell growth rate was decreased in the L-15 medium containing carp serum free from low molecular weight (LMW) fraction of less than 10 000. The addition of this fraction to the medium recovered the original growth rate, whereas the fraction itself did not enhance cell growth. Similar experiments were carried out with carp serum lipoprotein and albumin-like protein fractions. The high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction containing apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apoA-II enhanced cell growth at 20°C and 35°C when added with the above-mentioned LMW fraction. A good proliferation was observed at both 20°C and 35°C with the HDL fraction at 0.58 mg/mL. Carp albumin-like protein fraction, mainly containing a 71 kDa-component, also enhanced goldfish cell growth with the LMW fraction at the two temperatures. These results suggest that HDL and albumin-like proteins play an important role in the goldfish cell growth cooperatively with LMW substances contained in carp serum.     

Induced ovulation using LHRHa in anadromous obscure puffer Takifugu obscurus cultured entirely in freshwater

Puffer fishes of the order Tetradontidae exist in both anadromous and non-anadromous seawater resident forms. The obscure puffer akifugu obscurus is an anadromous species whose intensive culture in freshwater has developed rapidly in China. To mass produce larvae for intensive culture, induction of ovulation of 3-year-old obscure puffer cultured entirely in freshwater was attempted by giving the fish multiple injections of LHRHa. Twenty 3-yearold cultured obscure puffers were treated with multiple injections of LHRHa at a constant dosage of 30 g of LHRHa kg-1 of body weight with 36 h interval between injections. Beginning two days after hormonal treatment, abdominal palpation was performed every day to check expansion and hardening of the abdomen of the fish due to hydration of oocytes that indicates the completion of final oocyte maturation. The first four fish ovulated after the second LHRHa injection on day 3, but most females ovulated after the fourth hormone injection. A total of 18 fish (90%) ovulated over a period of 7 days, while no fish ovulated in the control group. The mean fertilization rate and the mean hatch rate was 67.1% and 87.6%, respectively. The viability of newly hatched larvae was very good, with a high survival rate of 98.6% 24 h post-hatch. These results indicate that cultured obscure puffer, which are not allowed to undergo diadromous migration and are entirely cultured in freshwater, could be induced to complete maturation and ovulate by simple multiple injections of LHRHa and that the eggs could be successfully hatched into viable larvae.     

Determining an optimal release site for juvenile winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum) in the Great Bay Estuary, NH, USA

One of the main elements in developing an optimal release strategy for an enhancement effort is to evaluate and select release sites that will support growth and survival of newly released, cultured fish. Three potential release sites (New Castle (NC), Broad Cove (BC) and Oyster River (OR)) in the Great Bay Estuary, NH, USA were evaluated for pilot‐scale releases of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus Walbaum). Cultured juvenile flounder were placed in cages at each of the three sites. Sites were evaluated based on growth and survival of the fish in relation to water temperature, prey availability and sediment composition. Fish grew faster in the two upper estuarine sites BC (0.54 mm day^?1) and OR (0.56 mm day^?1) than at the site at the mouth of the estuary (NC=0.37 mm day^?1). Fish survival (44–53%) and water temperature (17.8–19.7°C) did not vary between sites. Benthic samples showed that prey was available to, and eaten by, the flounder. Sediment composition was the main difference between the three sites, with one site (NC) characterized by gravel whereas the other two sites were sandy. These results corroborate other studies showing the importance of sediment quality for the distribution of flatfish populations. From these results, we can confidently eliminate NC as a potential release area and recommend that sandy sites are better for stocking cultured juvenile winter flounder than gravely sites.     

不同类型栽培大麦的辐射敏感性

用0—40krad~137Cs γ射线照射47个不同类型栽培大麦。结果表明,裸麦的辐射敏感性极显著大于皮麦。不同类型栽培大麦辐射敏感性的次序是:四棱裸大麦>六棱裸大麦>二棱裸大麦>四棱皮大麦>六棱皮大麦>二棱皮大麦。供试品种的敏感性可分为5个类型,即极迟钝型,迟钝型、中间型、敏感型和极敏感型。试验还表明,不同基因型大麦的细胞核体积与辐射敏感性无明显的相关关系,核体积的剂量效应曲线在30krad时出现一个峰值。     

红枣组培苗优化配套移栽技术的研究

通过系统研究提出了红枣组培苗移栽的优化配套技术 :培养优质试管生根苗 ;温室自然光过渡法炼苗 ;移栽地土壤、覆盖沙和试管苗根部消毒 ;沙土分层移栽 ;扣小棚保湿 (85 %～ 95 % )保温 (18～ 35℃ ) ;移栽初期适度遮阳 ;幼苗生出 4～ 5片新叶后逐步揭小棚 ;移栽后加强病虫害防治及水肥管理。采用该配套移栽技术使组培枣苗的平均移栽成活率 3～ 10月份达 94.3% (92 .8%～ 95 .8% ,95 %置信度 ) ,6～ 7月份达 98% (96 .1%～99.9% )     

总氨、亚硝酸氮及养鲍污水对皱纹盘鲍生长的影响

单因子总氨氮(TNH3-N)、亚硝酸氮(N02^--N)试验表明，当养鲍用水中非离子氨氮(NH3-N)为0．035mg／L以下或N02^--N为0．8mg／L以下时，对皱纹盘鲍Haliotis discus hannai Ino幼鲍的生长不产生明显影响；NH3-N对幼鲍生长产生影响的EC5(引起幼鲍生长速度减慢5％的浓度)为0．103mg／L，不产生影响的最大浓度为0．045mg／L。双因素试验结果表明，水中TNH3-N、N02^--N对幼鲍生长的影响没有交互作用，只是简单的相加作用。经回归表明，养鲍自污染水中，NH3-N是影响幼鲍生长的主要因子，它对幼鲍生长产生影响的EC5为0．022mg／L，不产生影响的最大浓度为0．0lmg／L，均比单因子试验结果显著降低。     

马尾松离体胚组织培养初报

本文首次报道了从马尾松离体胚诱导丛生芽苗的试验结果。试验结果发现丛生芽苗的形成必需有适当浓度比例的BA和NAA,二者缺一不可。离体胚在MS+BA0.5～1.0mg/l+NAA0.2mg/l的培养基中,从子叶上分化出的丛生芽生长状况最佳。离体胚在MS+BA0.6mg+GA0.2mg的培养基中,萌芽率最高,苗的长势最佳。     

The environmental prospects of cultured meat in China

To deal with concerns in China about environmental degradation and a growth in population accompanied by increased consumption of livestock products, a meat alternative is required. This study compared the environmental impacts of producing different protein sources for nutrition, including crops, livestock products, and cultured meat. The results showed that cultured meat has the lowest land use per unit of protein and unit of human digestible energy. China’s crops have the lowest energy use and greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions per unit of energy and protein. The energy use in cultured meat production is slightly higher than that of current pork production in China, whereas GHG emissions are lower. It is concluded that the overall impact of replacing livestock products with cultured meat would be beneficial for China’s environment and would potentially improve food security because less land is needed to produce the same amount of protein and energy.     

微山湖河蟹养殖区与非河蟹养殖区细菌胞外酶的比较研究

为了研究微山湖河蟹养殖区与非河蟹养殖区水体和底泥中异养细菌胞外产酶（蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、脲酶）的差别．对这2处环境中的微生物进行了初步筛选和分离,得到25株菌,分别在含有蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉、脲的固体培养基上培养观察。并测量记录菌落和菌圈大小。结果表明,河蟹养殖区产蛋白水解酶和脂肪水解酶的细菌明显多于非河蟹养殖区,而产淀粉水解酶和脲酶的细菌数量两者相差不大。