直杆大叶相思组培苗圃地移植技术试验研究

文章通过试验研究不同基质(A)与不同基肥(B)对直干大叶相思组培苗移植到圃地容器培育至出圃时的成活率的影响作用;结果表明,使用红心土∶发酵木屑∶炭化谷壳∶珍珠岩=4∶3∶2∶1作为移植基质(A1)+3.5kg/m3钙镁磷作为基肥(B2)效果最好,成活率达83.6%。     

微山湖河蟹养殖区与非河蟹养殖区细菌胞外酶的比较研究

为了研究微山湖河蟹养殖区与非河蟹养殖区水体和底泥中异养细菌胞外产酶（蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、脲酶）的差别．对这2处环境中的微生物进行了初步筛选和分离，得到25株菌，分别在含有蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉、脲的固体培养基上培养观察。并测量记录菌落和菌圈大小。结果表明，河蟹养殖区产蛋白水解酶和脂肪水解酶的细菌明显多于非河蟹养殖区，而产淀粉水解酶和脲酶的细菌数量两者相差不大。     

复方刺五加注射液对培养大鼠心肌细胞动作电位的影响

培养Wistar大鼠乳鼠心室肌细胞,向培养基中加入复方刺五加注射液200μg/mL,可使心肌细胞动作电位的波幅、波宽、阈电位、最大舒张电位、最大除极速度及复极(10%、50%、90%)水平的动作电位波宽一致减小,其作用与钙通道阻滞剂尼莫地平0.4μg/mL相似;Ca2 80μg/mL能使上述作用反转,提示复方刺五加注射液具有钙通道阻滞作用。     

Protective effects of adenosine on cultured rat hippocampal neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation

AIM:To investigate the protective effects of adenosine on cultured rat hippocampal neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation.METHODS:The control and adenosine-treated hippocampal neurons cultured for 12 d were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation environment for 0.5-4 h and then cultured with original medium in normoxia for 24 h. The soma area, survival rate, effluxes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)and apoptosis of neurons were observed.RESULTS:The soma area, effluxes of lactate dehydrogenase from neurons and apoptosis were increased while survival rate of neurons was decreased after oxygen-glucose deprivation compared with those pre-oxygen-glucose deprivation. Compared with the control, after oxygen-glucose deprivation the soma area, effluxes of lactate dehydrogenase from neurons and apoptosis were decreased, however, the survival rate of neurons was increased in the adenosine group.CONCLUSION:Oxygen-glucose deprivation can lead to the severe damage of cultured hippocampal neurons, and adenosine can reduce neuronal injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation.     

叶芽组培西洋杜鹃最佳生根途径试验研究初报

为了克服西洋杜鹃(Eurhododendron)组培快繁移栽成活率低的问题,对其进行了组培最佳生根方式试验,结果表明,叶芽(茎尖)组织培养的新株,用生根粉处理进行扦插水培,其生根率达90%以上,较试管培养高16%,较基质扦插高50%;育苗周期较试管培养和基质扦插缩短约20 d;移栽成活率较试管培养和基质扦插分别高35%和84%。因此,用生根粉处理后进行扦插水培是西洋鹃最佳生根方式。     

基于实时荧光定量PCR技术的蝴蝶兰PPO和PAL基因表达分析

为研究蝴蝶兰在组织培养过程中的褐化机制,通过观察与褐化相关基因PPO和PAL在组织培养过程中不同时期的表达量,判断上述两基因对褐化的影响。采用实时荧光定量的方法,设计特异性引物,获得PPO基因与PAL基因的目的片段,再以实时荧光定量方式,检验上述2个基因在蝴蝶兰组培苗中的表达量。结果表明,获得的PPO基因目的片段与蝴蝶兰x五唇兰相似性达到97%,蝴蝶兰PPO基因目的片段序列与蝴蝶兰x朵丽兰相似性达到98%。通过对蝴蝶兰组培苗培养不同阶段中PPO基因及PAL基因的表达差异研究,发现：在对组培苗叶片切割后PPO基因的表达量迅速增加,随培养时间的推移,表达量经过缓慢的降低后逐渐增高,在10天到12天阶段表达量急剧增加,在12天达到最大量,随后降低,后期表达量浮动不大;PAL基因分别在1天,8天,12天表达量急剧增加,12天的表达量最大,随后,总体表达量有降低趋势。两个基因在第12d表达量都达到最高,说明此时是褐化发生的关键时期,若此时期对其进行有效预防措施,将会减少褐化现象。     

Cultured meat from muscle stem cells: A review of challenges and prospects

Growing muscle tissue in culture from animal stem cells to produce meat theoretically eliminates the need to sacrifice animals. So-called "cultured" or "synthetic" or "in vitro" meat could in theory be constructed with different characteristics and be produced faster and more efficiently than traditional meat. The technique to generate cultured muscle tissues from stem cells was described long ago, but has not yet been developed for the commercial production of cultured meat products. The technology is at an early stage and prerequisites of implementation include a reasonably high level of consumer acceptance, and the development of commercially-viable means of large scale production. Recent advancements in tissue culture techniques suggest that production may be economically feasible, provided it has physical properties in terms of colour, flavour, aroma, texture and palatability that are comparable to conventional meat. Although considerable progress has been made during recent years, important issues remain to be resolved, including the characterization of social and ethical constraints, the fine-tuning of culture conditions, and the development of culture media that are cost-effective and free of animal products. Consumer acceptance and confidence in in vitro produced cultured meat might be a significant impediment that hinders the marketing process.     

香叶天竺葵多倍体精油的化学成分研究

探讨香叶天竺葵(Pelargonium graveolens L'He'rit)染色体加倍后精油的香气特征,为香叶新品种选育提供理论基础。对香叶天竺葵扦插苗、组培苗和多倍苗的香叶油进行GC-9A分析,并与玫瑰香叶油、法国波尔蓬香叶油的主成分进行对比。这5种油的化学成分相同,但各成分的百分含量有差异。组培苗及多倍苗香叶油中香叶醇、甲酸香叶酯、芳樟醇的含量显著提高,而香茅醇、甲酸香茅酯、玫瑰醚的含量有所下降。其中,多倍苗香叶油含：香茅醇26.1%,香叶醇14.81%,β-古芸烯4.77%,这3个主香成分接近法国波尔蓬香叶油中的含量。香叶天竺葵染色体加倍后能改善其精油的品质,其精油中香茅醇、香叶醇的含量更接近法国波尔蓬等国外香叶油中的含量。     

许氏平鲉不同月龄选育群体形态性状的主成分与通径分析

为研究许氏平鲉不同月龄选育群体性状的生长规律特征及形态性状对体质量的影响,采用相关分析、主成分分析、通径分析和多元回归分析方法对12月龄、15月龄和18月龄许氏平鲉个体的全长、体长、头长、躯干长、体高、尾柄长、尾柄高和体质量8个性状进行分析。结果显示,各月龄许氏平鲉性状之间均呈现显著的正相关,其中以全长与体长的相关性最为显著。各月龄许氏平鲉的第一主成分均指向增长、增重因子;第二主成分有所不同,12月龄未提取第二主成分,15月龄和18月龄第二主成分分别指向躯干因子、尾柄因子。12月龄和15月龄许氏平鲉体长和体高对体质量的直接作用均最大(0.340、0.314和0.347、0.324),18月龄全长对体质量的直接作用最大(0.498),各性状对体质量决定程度与通径系数变化趋势一致。各月龄的不同形态性状对体质量最优回归方程的建立,能准确预测体质量的变化。研究表明,由于许氏平鲉生长阶段的不同,各性状的生长速率及所选形态性状对体质量的影响均存在一定差异,建议把体长和体高(12~15月龄)、全长(18月龄)作为育种工作的目标性状,达到有效提高选育效率的目的,为许氏平鲉的选育工作提供理论依据和技术参数。