基于综合视角的县域国土空间冲突测度与功能优化——以江西省宜黄县为例

[目的]测度国土空间冲突强度,分区探讨国土空间冲突管理和优化国土空间利用途径,为县域国土空间可持续开发利用提供新的思路。[方法]以江西省宜黄县为例,通过景观生态指数模型、可开发强度分析、用地现状与适宜性评价叠加3种方法,以“把握景观格局—明确开发强度—摸底适宜性—实现功能优化”综合视角为导向,构建综合视角下国土空间冲突测度模型,识别乡镇尺度下空间显著冲突与区域本位基底相耦合的综合冲突类型区,进而提出功能优化措施。[结果](1)2010—2020年宜黄县城镇化趋势扩大,生态空间的容纳度变低,国土空间主要表现为农业生产空间和生态空间向工矿生产空间和城镇生活空间转移。(2)2010—2020年宜黄县区域空间冲突强度加剧,不同时段和区域下空间冲突强度和分布情况差异显著,可控空间主要分布在南部,轻度和中度冲突在域内分布较为均匀,重度冲突主要分布在北部、中部和东部。(3)根据开发强度和冲突产生诱因,可将宜黄县乡镇划分为地形发展劣势区、城镇开发密集区和自然保护地集中区3类,作为空间功能优化的重点。(4)宜黄县乡镇尺度上空间冲突类型区分布存在差异性,表现为：农业空间与生态空间冲突>城镇空间与生态...     

Serum levels of reproductive steroid hormones in captive sand tiger sharks, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carcharias</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">taurus</Emphasis> (Rafinesque), and comments on their relation to sexual conflicts

Levels of reproductively-related steroids were determined in captive male sand tiger sharks, Carcharias taurus, maintained at two institutions: SeaWorld Adventure Park Orlando and the National Aquarium in Baltimore. Sexual conflicts were absent at the former, but were documented at the latter. Serum titers of 17β-estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and 5α-dihydrotestosterone were determined via radioimmunoassay in adult male sharks from 1988 to 2000. Sampling overlap between the two institutions occurred for 3 months of the year, but steroid concentrations were compared only for April due to the occurrence of sexual conflicts in the sharks at the National Aquarium in Baltimore in that month. For April, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were significantly higher in the SeaWorld males, and progesterone was significantly higher in the National Aquarium in Baltimore males, while estradiol was not significantly different. Steroid levels were also determined from serial samples taken monthly over 17 months from three male sharks and one female shark at the National Aquarium in Baltimore in 2001–2002 and were compared with corresponding observed sexual conflicts. The steroid levels obtained showed distinct annual hormonal cycles in the male sharks and corroborated a biennial cycle for the single serially-sampled female shark. Furthermore, the steroid levels for individual males correlated with sexual conflicts as well as their position within the male dominance hierarchy. As this species is depleted in some regions globally, insight into the steroid profile of mature sand tiger sharks is important for a greater understanding of the relationship between their reproductive physiology and behavior, and may aid in captive management and reproduction. L. E. L. Rasmussen—Deceased.     

isopropylstilbene发酵条件优化及其对灰葡萄孢的抑制作用

isopropylstilbene (3, 5-二羟基-4-异丙基二苯乙烯) 是发光杆菌Photohabdus temperata产生的一种二苯乙烯类化合物,具有多种生物活性。为促进isopropylstilbene在农业抗生素领域应用价值的开发,采用固相萃取、柱层析等技术从发光杆菌P. temperata SN 35的发酵液中分离纯化得到1个化合物,通过核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了确认,并采用高效液相色谱测定了其纯度;通过Plackett-Burman试验和响应面法对发光杆菌SN 35摇瓶发酵培养条件进行了优化,并初步研究了所分离化合物对灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea的离体抑菌活性及对灰霉病的防治效果。结果表明:所分离的化合物为isopropylstilbene,纯度为93%;对发光杆菌SN 35摇瓶发酵培养条件进行优化后,isopropylstilbene的产量是优化前的2.22倍。离体抑菌试验结果表明:isopropylstilbene对灰葡萄孢的菌丝生长具有较好的抑制作用,其EC₅₀值为 (9.17 ± 0.17) μg/mL,但低于对照药剂百菌清[EC₅₀值为 (0.90 ± 0.08) μg/mL];在10 μg/mL下,isopropylstilbene对灰葡萄孢孢子萌发的抑制率为63.01%。活体盆栽试验结果表明,在200 μg/mL下,isopropylstilbene对黄瓜灰霉病的防治效果达92.19%,与百菌清的防效 (97.63%) 相当,对番茄灰霉病的防治效果为72.12%,略低于百菌清 (81.61%)。本研究通过对isopropylstilbene发酵条件的优化,为其工业化生产奠定了理论基础。该化合物对灰霉病具有很好的防治效果,可为天然杀菌剂的研究与开发提供参考。     

Ecology and management of earthworm casting on sports turf

Earthworm activity is beneficial in most natural and agricultural systems, but excessive earthworm casting is a problem on sports fields worldwide. Expulsion of soil‐rich earthworm fecal matter, or casts, as mounds of soil on the turf canopy can muddy the surface, reduce photosynthesis, and lead to thinning, weed invasion and surface softening. Casts affect ball roll on sports fields, cause fouling of maintenance equipment, and dull mower blades. Build‐up of cast material on reel mower units can affect height and quality of cut. Casting activity is dependent on environmental conditions such as soil texture, temperature, moisture, pH, and organic matter. Response to environmental conditions varies by species. Management options are limited, because no pesticides are specifically labeled for earthworm control at this time, and cultural control methods such as soil modification, turfgrass clipping removal, and sand topdressing have limited and inconsistent efficacy. Products containing plant‐derived saponins and irritants show promise for earthworm management. Pest management practices to mitigate excessive earthworm casting will likely need to be species‐specific, but limited knowledge of earthworm identification by end‐users further inhibits the efficacy of control measures. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

碱性蛋白酶产生菌S9发酵条件的研究

为了解大庆地区盐碱土中嗜碱微生物蛋白酶产生情况,对大庆市盐碱土中筛选出的一株碱性蛋白酶菌株S9,通过单因子试验与正交试验确定该菌株的最佳培养基为:葡萄糖2%、硫酸铵2%、酵母浸粉0.5%;最佳培养条件为:温度30 ℃,pH 9.5.     

承德地区放线菌物种多样性分布的研究

对采自承德地区南部五县及市区土样共403份,进行了放线菌的分离纯化,并对放线菌的形态、细胞壁化学组分、部分菌株16SrDNA序列进行研究,经初步分析,分离得到的1万余株放线菌,大约95%属于11个已知属。结果表明:承德地区放线菌资源较为丰富,区域地理状况、气候、植被、根系、土壤性质等因素对放线菌的分布有一定的影响,应引起足够重视。     

农业经理人压力与合作社绩效关系的实证研究

引入农业经理人对于改善农民合作社的治理结构、提高组织人力资本存量、提升合作绩效有重要作用。然而,合作社复杂的决策程序、成员的小散化和日益激烈的竞争环境也可能让经理人面临巨大压力。为研究农业经理人压力对合作社绩效的影响关系,利用四川省207位合作社农业经理人的实地调查数据,采用结构方程模型的方法,从挑战性压力和阻碍性压力2个维度进行实证研究。结果表明:以工作负荷、职业发展为代表的挑战性压力的标准化路径系数值分别为0.204、0.259,对合作社绩效有显著的正向影响;以角色冲突为代表的阻碍性压力的标准化路径系数值为-0.276,对合作社绩效有显著的负向影响。不同的压力维度呈现不同的绩效属性,工作负荷、职业发展等挑战性压力有助于合作社的绩效的提升,而角色冲突等阻碍性压力则会降低合作社的绩效。因此,从合作社内部制度、外部环境和经理人自身3个方面提出缓解农业经理人压力并改善合作社绩效的建议。     

广州番禺沙湾民居庭园简析

当前学术界对普通民居庭园鲜有涉猎,该文对广州番禺沙湾古镇的一个典型民居庭园进行分析,探索了相关的研究思路及方法。     

“茶”的文化符号学诠释

万物都是某种方式的符号。茶符号作为符号的一种,是携带着茶文化而被接收的感知。茶符号是茶文化的典型体现,是茶文化的焦点。同时,茶符号在人们生活中发挥着重要作用,即促进茶人理性活动的发展和情感寄托的实现,使茶人的文化生活得以连续积淀,有助于茶人的价值观念与生活方式的有机结合。茶文化精髓在于“和”,它是建立在个体感性生命的土壤上,在儒释道文化灌溉下形成的。另外,符号具有时空性,可以“透射”一种超越体验,茶事参与者借助超越的时空体验,可以进入茶汤背后的文化世界。