河北沽源县土地利用动态变化研究

基于沽源县1996-2006年土地利用现状年度变更调查数据,利用土地利用动态度模型、土地利用程度模型、区域差异模型,对沽源县土地利用的时空变化进行了详尽的分析。研究表明:沽源县耕地、牧草地和未利用地减少,林地、居民点及工矿用地、水域和交通用地增加;研究区土地利用变化速度较快,年变化率达到1.34%,其中林地的年变化率最大,耕地的年变化率也较大;11年来沽源县土地利用处于调整期,各乡镇土地利用变化区域差异显著。     

喀斯特地区坡面不同土地利用方式水土流失及磷素输出对次降雨特征的响应

为探究喀斯特地区坡面不同土地利用方式下水土流失及磷素输出对次降雨特征的响应,对喀斯特地区不同土地利用方式(水保林、耕地、自然草地、裸地、经果林)坡面场次降雨的水土流失和磷素输出进行了分析。结果表明:5种土地利用方式的径流系数由大到小整体表现为裸地自然草地耕地水保林经果林,而单位面积产沙量、单位面积磷流失量整体表现为耕地裸地经果林水保林自然草地。其中耕地和裸地在大雨量、高强度降雨事件的影响下径流系数、单位面积产沙量、单位面积磷流失量急剧增大。雨强是影响水土流失、磷素输出的重要因素,可以很好地拟合水土流失量。径流中磷素输出以颗粒态磷(PP)为主,占总磷(TP)的比例介于75.47%~97.91%之间。降雨引起的耕地径流[0.73 mg·L-1ρ(TP)2.49 mg·L-1]、裸地径流[0.10 mg·L-1ρ(TP)0.50 mg·L-1]和经果林径流[0.13 mg·L-1ρ(TP)0.46 mg·L-1]磷输出对受纳水体磷的含量有增加的风险,而自然草地径流[0.03 mg·L-1ρ(TP)0.09mg·L-1]影响较小。坡面水土流失和磷素输出与降雨过程、土地利用方式关系密切,可以通过优化土地利用结构、减少人为扰动有效防治水土流失,减轻流域面源污染。     

Combined effect of temperature,salinity and density on the growth and feed utilization of Nile tilapia juveniles (Oreochromis niloticus)

Based on Box–Behnken experimental design and response surface method, the joint effect of temperature (16–36°C), salinity (0–22 ppt) and rearing density (200–1000 fish.m^?3) on the specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion rate (FCR) of Nile tilapia juveniles were studied under laboratory conditions. The entire experiment lasted for 1 month (30 days). Results showed that the linear and quadratic effects of temperature, salinity on both growth and feed utilization were highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). The linear and quadratic effect of rearing density on the growth was highly significant (P < 0.01); the linear effect of rearing density on feed utilization was significant (P < 0.05), but the quadratic effect nonsignificant (P > 0.05). Interactions between temperature and salinity, and between salinity and rearing density on the growth statistically differed from zero (P < 0.05). Interactions between temperature and salinity, between temperature and density on feed utilization was significant (P < 0.05). Model equations of the growth and feed utilization on temperature, salinity and density were established, with the coefficient of determination being 98.34% for growth and 98.11% for feed utilization, and could be applied to projection. The optimal temperature/salinity/density combination was obtained utilizing statistical optimization approach: 29°C/6 ppt/500 fish.m^?3, at which the maximal specific growth and feed utilization reached 4.228%.d^?1 and 0.520 respectively, with the desirability being 0.989.     

1980—2020年汾河流域生态系统服务价值的时空变化

[目的]分析1980—2020年汾河流域生态系统服务价值时空变化特征,为该流域生态环境的科学调控和管理提供理论参考。[方法]利用汾河流域1980—2020年5期Landsat-MSS/TM/ETM遥感影像解译数据研究了流域土地利用变化特征,并估算了生态系统服务价值。[结果] 1980—2020汾河流域土地利用中耕地、林地和草地一直处于主导地位,土地利用整体变化表现为耕地向建设用地转移;土地利用动态度表明2000—2020年土地变化明显高于1980—2000年。1980—2020年汾河流域土地利用总生态服务价值持续减少,空间分布整体上呈上游高,中下游低的趋势。从不同功能价值来看,调节和支持服务减少最多。不同土地利用程度与ESVI双变量LISA聚集图呈现出明显的空间负相关性,主要以汾河上游的低土地利用程度与高ESVI聚集分布为主。[结论] 1980—2020年汾河流域土地利用/覆被变化对生态服务价值有较大影响。可以通过提高土地集约利用水平,促进该区土地利用结构向高生态服务价值发展。     

Recultivation of Agricultural Land Impaired by Construction of a Hydropower Plant on the Sava River,Slovenia

Hydropower plants on the lower river Sava, Slovenia, were developed without sealing the underground upstream. As a consequence, without the countermeasures of elevating and recultivating, the agricultural land on the river banks would be inundated because of the water‐table increase of the river. To remedy this, the fields were elevated and recultivated. The goal of this study was to assess soil quality and production potential after land raising and recultivation and to answer the question whether it is possible to recover soil quality and crop yield after large‐scale mass manipulation, such as land raising. After recultivation and after the second year of land reuse for the two cultures grass–clover mixture and corn on two sites, Middle Pijavsko and Lower Pijavsko, soil physical and chemical characteristics and crop yields were evaluated. Mixing of topsoil with the second horizon during removal and during backfill with filling material resulted in uneven soil fertility, plant growth and decreased yield. Driving on the refilled second layer with heavy machinery caused soil compaction in the Middle Pijavsko in spite of favourable soil texture (loam, 38·7% sand). On the areas with very high sand content (over 55%) and low clay content (10%), soil compaction was not as severe or persistent. Recultivation measures restored the agricultural land almost to the production potential prior to powerplant construction. Immediate intensive land use (corn) showed less favourable effect on soil characteristics. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

洛川塬土壤水分特征及其对土地利用变化的响应

[目的]揭示洛川塬土壤水分特征及其对土地利用变化的响应,为优化黄土高原土地利用结构和土壤水分管理提供科学依据。[方法]测定农地、荒草地以及8,13,15,24,28和30a果龄的苹果园0—10m剖面的土壤水分,对比分析各样地的土壤含水率、土壤储水量及土壤干燥化特征。[结果](1)0—10m平均土壤水分含量:荒草地农地≈8a果园13a果园≈15a果园24a果园≈30a果园28a果园;≥24a果园土壤水分随深度增加逐渐减小,而其他样地的土壤水分随深度增加逐渐接近田间持水量。(2)以农地为参照,不同果园4—10m土壤水分减少量明显高于0—4m减少量,与农地的差异性随果龄增大而越发显著。(3)农地和荒草地转化为不同年限果园后出现水分亏缺现象,亏缺量占田间持水量的12%~46%。(4)24,28和30a果园分别出现轻度、中度和轻度干燥化现象。[结论]农地和荒草地转变成不同年限果园后,出现不同程度水分亏缺,并导致一定厚度的干层存在。     

效率与公平视角下的城市用地扩展

分析了城市用地扩展对效率与公平正、负两方面的影响,认为效率水平与公平程度都有待于进一步提高,并且不公平损害了效率,建议从改革农村土地征用制度、建立合理的地方政府绩效考核机制、建立土地集约利用标准并强化土地利用监督3方面加以改进。     

优质玉米新品种科湘11号特征特性及高产栽培技术

科湘11号玉米新品种是中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所用自选系ISA01和ISA02杂交选育而成的优质玉米新品种。经过湖南省区试、生产试验和示范、抗性鉴定和品质分析,该品种表现生育期适中,优质,高产,抗性较好。适应湖南省及周边地区种植。其在湖南省的优质高产配套栽培技术为适时播种（一般在3月中旬至4月初播种）,合理密植（密度范围是45000—52500株／hm^2）,科学施肥,综合防治病虫害。     

英译汉中的词类转换

文化背景的差异使词类转换在英译汉过程中显得很重要。正确运用词类转换,可使译文通顺流畅,符合汉语表达习惯。     

大地园林化——中国现代园林发展的必由之路

现代园林建设已走过了传统的游憩观赏阶段,进入了改善人居环境及满足景观效应的阶段,传统园林已不能适应现代社会的发展需求。通过对传统园林局限性的分析,阐述了大地园林化的必要性和主要内容。