砂田甜瓜套作向日葵系统的养分利用研究

2010—2013年在庄浪县进行的砂田甜瓜套作向日葵系统的养分利用研究的结果表明,无论在甜瓜的初花期、座果期、膨大期套作食葵或油葵,套作系统比单作明显提高了作物的吸氮量、吸磷量和吸钾量。氮吸收量比单作增加50%~59%,磷吸收量比单作增加12%~41%,钾吸收量比单作增加33%~68%。     

广西鹿寨县耕地质量等别调查与评价

以鹿寨县为列,介绍了广西自治区县级耕地质量等别评价方法,详细分析了耕地质量等别评价结果,揭示了鹿寨县耕地质量等别结构和空间分布规律。     

建设用地集约利用评价指标的权重确定方法研究

基于建设用地集约利用评价指标,应用文献统计法和综合分析法,阐述了中国建设用地及建设用地集约利用评价指标权重赋权方法的现状,着重研究了各种权重确定方法在建设用地集约评价中的实践应用,并对其进行总结和讨论,探讨了建设用地集约利用评价指标权重确定方法的发展趋势.     

Land surface temperature retrieval for arid regions based on Landsat-8 TIRS data:a case study in Shihezi,Northwest China

Scientific interest in geophysical information about land surface temperature （LST） is ever increasing, as such information provides a base for a large number of applications, including environmental and agricultural monitoring. Therefore, the research of LST retrieval has become a hot topic. Recent availability of Landsat-8 satel- lite imagery provides a new data source for LST retrieval. Hence, exploring an adaptive method with reliable ac- curacy seems to be essential. In this study, basing on features of Landsat-8 TIRS thermal infrared channels, we re-calculated parameters in the atmospheric transmittance empirical models of the existing split-window algorithm, and estimated the ground emissivity with the help of the land cover classification map of the study area. Further- more, a split-window algorithm was rebuilt by virtual of the estimation model of the updated atmospheric transmit- tance and the ground emissivity, and then a remote sensing retrieval for the LST of Shihezi city in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region of Northwest China was conducted on the basis of this modified algorithm. Finally, precision validation of the new model was implemented by using the MODIS LST products. The results showed that the LST retrieval from Landsat-8 TIRS data based on our algorithm has a higher credibility, and the retrieved LST is more consistent with the MODIS LST products. This indicated that the modified algorithm is suitable for retrieving LST with competitive accuracy. With higher resolutions, Landsat-8 TIRS data may provide more accurate observation for LST retrieval.     

Monitoring desertification processes in Mongolian Plateau using MODIS tasseled cap transformation and TGSI time series

Most remote sensing studies assess the desertification using vegetation monitoring method. But it has the insufficient precision of vegetation monitoring for the limited vegetation cover of the desertification region. Therefore, it offers an alternative approach for the desertification research to assess sand dune and sandy land change using remote sensing in the desertification region. In this study, the indices derived from the well-known tasseled cap transformation(TCT), tasseled cap angle(TCA),disturbance index(DI), process indicator(PI), and topsoil grain size index(TGSI) were integrated to monitor and assess the desertification at the thirteen study sites including sand dunes and sandy lands distributed in the Mongolian Plateau(MP) from 2000 to 2015. A decision tree was used to classify the desertification on a regional scale. The average overall accuracy of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 desertification classification was higher than 90%. Results from this study indicated that integration of the advantages of TCA, DI and TGSI could better assess the desertification. During the last 16 years, Badain Jaran Desert, Tengger Desert, and Ulan Buh Desert showed a relative stabilization. Otindag Sandy Land and the deserts of Khar Nuur, Ereen Nuur, Tsagan Nuur, Khongoryn Els, Hobq, and Mu Us showed a slow increasing of desertification, whereas Bayan Gobi, Horqin and Hulun Buir sandy lands showed a slow decreasing of desertification. Compared with the other 11 sites, the fine sand dunes occupied the majority of the Tengger Desert, and the coarse sandy land occupied the majority of the Horqin Sandy Land. Our findings on a three or four years' periodical fluctuated changes in the desertification may possibly reflect changing precipitation and soil moisture in the MP. Further work to link the TCA, DI,TGSI, and PI values with the desertification characteristics is recommended to set the thresholds and improve the assessment accuracy with field investigation.     

Maize/peanut intercropping increases photosynthetic characteristics, ~(13)C-photosynthate distribution,and grain yield of summer maize

Intercropping is used widely by smallholder farmers in developing countries to increase land productivity and profitability. We conducted a maize/peanut intercropping experiment in the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons in Shandong, China. Treatments included sole maize(SM), sole peanut(SP), and an intercrop consisting of four rows of maize and six rows of peanut(IM and IP). The results showed that the intercropping system had yield advantages based on the land equivalent ratio(LER) values of 1.15 and 1.16 in the two years, respectively. Averaged over the two years, the yield of maize in the intercropping was increased by 61.05% compared to that in SM, while the pod yield of peanut was decreased by 31.80% compared to SP. Maize was the superior competitor when intercropped with peanut, and its productivity dominated the yield of the intercropping system in our study. The increased yield was due to a higher kernel number per ear(KNE). Intercropping increased the light transmission ratio(LTR) of the ear layer in the maize canopy, the active photosynthetic duration(APD), and the harvest index(HI) compared to SM. In addition, intercropping promoted the ratio of dry matter accumulation after silking and the distribution of ~(13) C-photosynthates to grain compared to SM. In conclusion, maize/peanut intercropping demonstrated the potential to improve the light condition of maize, achieving enhanced photosynthetic characteristics that improved female spike differentiation, reduced barrenness, and increased KNE. Moreover, dry matter accumulation and ~(13) C-photosynthates distribution to grain of intercropped maize were improved, and a higher grain yield was ultimately obtained.     

宁夏中部生态移民区土地利用时空变化分析

通过解译宁夏中部红寺堡区1989年、1999年、2006年、2012年TM遥感影像,获取该区域生态移民前后4期土地利用数据,对1989~2012年以来土地利用变化情况进行了分析。结果表明,各个时间段的土地利用变化差异性显著。1989~1999年,由于大规模的土地开荒和红寺堡灌区的建设,耕地面积持续增加,同时该区域开始有了水浇地,而林草面积相应减少;1999~2006年,由于退耕还林还草政策的实施,耕地中的旱地被逐渐退耕为草地或发展为水浇地,林草面积开始由减少转为增加,区域土地利用开始合理化;2006~2012年,随着生态移民工程和生态建设工程的成熟发展,林草覆盖面积进一步增加,水浇地面积继续稳步增加,而未利用地和旱地面积持续下降。研究结果为区域土地资源的合理利用及生态移民工程的进一步顺利开展提供可靠依据。     

北京市公园绿地投资标准测算

公园绿地作为"唯一有生命力"的城市基础设施,一直以来其建设和投资标准不像道路、管线等基础睡设施那般明确,而随着近年来城市发展对生态环境的日益重视,各类公园绿地项目逐渐增多。为了加强公园绿地项目在前期设计和审批阶段的科学性、合理性,文章结合北京市当前园林绿化的实际情况,按照"一亩地公园"模型的思路,根据不同的投资工程,建立了投资标准测算模型,测算了投资指标,尝试为公园绿地的投资标准确定提供一种新的思路。     

永定县烟后作稻氮磷钾肥料效试验研究

采用“3414”田间肥效试验方案,在3个试验点进行烟后作稻田间试验,研究永定县烟后作稻的氮磷钾肥效和最挂施用量.试验结果表明：合理施用氮磷钾肥可有效提高烟后作稻的产量,烟后作稻施用适量氮磷钾肥即处理6,可分别增产20.3％、4.9％和9.0％.在试验条件下,烟后作稻的氮磷钾经济施肥量为N 1116 kg/hm2、P2O531 kg/hm,2、K2O 81 kg/hm2、预计产量7 926 kg/hm2.     

北京小西山山前洪积扇不同土地利用方式下的土壤微形态特征

通过对北京小西山山前代表性洪积扇的观察研究,探索不同土地利用方式对土壤微形态特征的影响。通过对土壤薄片的观察,分析土壤微形态特征;用ENVI及MATLAB软件处理图片,并对孔隙度进行定量分析。结果表明:1)林地(WL1)剖面表层土壤微结构为海绵状结构,而园地(WL2)和菜地(WL3)的表层土壤多呈整块状结构或孔道结构;2)各采样点土壤矿物成分相近,但骨骼颗粒形态特征有较大差异。3)WL1剖面土壤孔隙度较高,以面状孔隙为主,WL2和WL3剖面土壤孔隙度过低,以中小孔隙居多。研究认为:1)林地的土壤微结构较园地和菜地的好,由于人类的不合理利用和管理,园地和菜地使土壤微结构变差,土壤孔隙度下降。2)各采样点土壤成土母质相似,土壤骨骼颗粒形态差异受到不同土地利用方式下人类干扰程度差异的影响。