露地黄瓜新品种天农1号的选育

天农1号是以优良自交系SY09-12-20和GY99-7-4杂交而成的优良黄瓜一代杂种。该品种植株生长势强,叶片中等,主蔓结瓜为主,第1雌花始于主蔓第6节左右,每隔3～4节出现1节雌花。瓜条生长速度快,商品性好,瓜条顺直,深绿色,光泽度好,刺瘤较密,瓜长35 cm左右,瓜把短,约4.5 cm,单瓜质量200 g左右,畸形瓜率低,口感脆甜,每公顷产量可达90 000 kg。高抗霜霉病、抗白粉病和枯萎病。适宜在国内大部分地区露地栽培。     

养殖刺参溃疡病病原学研究

自2002年冬季以来,山东、辽宁等省的养殖刺参几乎每年冬天都大规模爆发溃疡病。本文研究了刺参溃疡病的特征和症状,从病参体表和体内分离出优势菌,经回归感染证实其就是引发本次刺参溃疡病的病原菌。对病原菌进行鉴定发现,该菌革兰氏染色呈阴性,电镜下观察呈短杆状,极端单鞭毛,综合研究该菌在形态、生理生化等方面的特性,确认分离到的病原菌为交替假单胞菌,交替假单胞菌作为养殖刺参的病原菌在国内外属首次报道。     

An artificial oyster‐shell reef for the culture and stock enhancement of sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus,in shallow seawater

Because of its high nutritional value and health benefits, aquaculture production of Apostichopus japonicus in China is the largest of any single species. Therefore, the development of new farming methods is of considerable significance. In this study, discarded oyster shells have been used to create an artificial reef for the culture of this species. The results have shown that from 6th March 2009 to 26th November 2009, the wet weight of sea cucumber increased from 49.57 ± 1.16 to 79.87 ± 1.46 g ind^?1. Between 16th July and 18th October, the specific growth rate and daily weight gain of A. japonicus differed significantly from other periods. Population density was higher within the reef compared with outside the reef area, and the difference was significant (P < 0.01). The maximum distance between A. japonicus individuals within the reef area on 3rd March and 16th July was 65.0 ± 3.3 and 62.9 ± 4.4 cm, respectively, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). The diatom species attached to the oyster shells were similar to those found in the stomach content of A. japonicus. In conclusion, the oyster‐shell reef provides a suitable habitat and shelter for the culture of the sea cucumber, A. japonicus.     

蓬莱玉参(Apostichopus sp.)体壁的营养成分分析及评价

采用生化方法对蓬莱玉参(Apostichopus sp.)体壁营养成分进行了测定,并分析评价了这一水产养殖新品种的营养和开发价值。结果显示,蓬莱玉参体壁中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分含量分别为91.29%、5.25%、0.23%和3.09%,其中,粗蛋白质和灰分高于刺参,粗脂肪低于刺参,具有高蛋白、低脂肪的特点;蓬莱玉参体壁中氨基酸总量为53.76%,明显高于刺参,氨基酸组成和含量接近于FAO/WHO的推荐模式,属于质量较好的蛋白质;蓬莱玉参体壁中呈味氨基酸含量为25.63%,占氨基酸总量的47.66%,且各种呈味氨基酸含量均高于刺参,鲜美程度要好于刺参。蓬莱玉参体壁中多不饱和脂肪酸含量(PUFA)为26.47%,DHA+EPA为12.08%,不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比值(UFA/SFA)为3.19,均高于刺参,因此,脂肪质量优于刺参;蓬莱玉参体壁中常量及微量元素含量较高,Ca、P比例适宜,并富含VB6和VB1,其中,VB1含量为1.30 mg/100 g,含量远高于刺参。研究结果表明,蓬莱玉参营养价值优于刺参,具有较高的营养价值和保健作用。     

基于摆线运动的黄瓜采摘机器人终端滑模轨迹跟踪控制

黄瓜采摘机器人是机器人技术在农业中的具体应用,而快速稳定地到达目标采摘点的轨迹规划则是黄瓜采摘机器人研究的主要内容之一。根据摆线运动曲线光滑,并能在有限区间的端点产生零速度和零加速度的特点,将其应用于黄瓜采摘机器人关节空间的轨迹规划,该方法计算简单,实时性好。同时,为了实现对期望轨迹的精确跟踪,构造了一种快速非奇异的终端滑模控制器,采用指数和幂次结合的趋近率方法,引入非线性滑模面,突破了普通滑模控制器在线性滑模条件下渐进收敛的特点,并且不会出现传统终端滑模控制的奇异性和抖振问题。李亚普诺夫稳定性分析和仿真试验证明：它能够准确的跟踪期望轨迹,并能使位置跟踪误差在有限时间内收敛到零,响应时间短,跟踪效果好。     

水肥耦合对黄沙炉渣复合基质栽培黄瓜光合荧光特性、产量及品质的影响

[目的]研究不同水肥耦合处理对黄瓜光合荧光特性、产量及品质的影响.[方法]以新泰密刺黄瓜为试材,在黄沙炉渣复合基质栽培模式下,设置不同的灌水量、氮肥、磷肥和钾肥共4个变量,采用四元二次通用旋转组合设计的1/2.[结果](1)黄瓜净光合速率随着灌溉量的增加而增加;水分较少的情况下,适当的肥料供应可以提高黄瓜光合能力.(2...     

Effects of stocking density,ration and temperature on growth,survival and metamorphosis of auricularia larvae of the California sea cucumber,Parastichopus californicus

The combined effects of stocking density (0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 inds/ml) and dietary microalgal ration (20,000 and 40,000 cells/ml) and the sole effect of temperature (10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 22°C) on the specific growth rate (SGR), per cent survival and per cent metamorphosis of auricularia larvae of the California sea cucumber, Parastichopus californicus, were evaluated in two separate experiments. The SGR was not significantly affected by stocking densities in the range of 0.2 to 4 inds/ml, but was significantly reduced at 8 inds/ml. The SGR of larvae fed 20,000 cells/ml was significantly reduced in comparison to those fed 40,000 cells/ml. Larvae had significantly higher per cent survival and per cent metamorphosis when reared at densities of 0.2 and 0.5 inds/ml compared with those reared at 2–8 inds/ml. Microalgal ration level did not significantly impact survival or metamorphosis. Larvae reared at 16 and 18°C had significantly higher SGRs and per cent metamorphosis than those held at all other temperatures, while per cent survival was highest at 16°C. Based on these results, we recommend rearing auricularia larvae of P. californicus at a stocking density at or below 0.5 inds/ml, a dietary ration of 40,000 cells/ml, and a temperature of 16°C.     

高温胁迫下水杨酸对黄瓜幼苗生理特性的影响

以"吉利4号"黄瓜为试材,研究高温胁迫下水杨酸对黄瓜幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明:不同浓度的SA溶液均可降低黄瓜叶片中的相对电导率、丙二醛含量,提高黄瓜幼苗叶片中叶绿素、游离脯氨酸含量,增强根系活力;表明水杨酸能够缓解高温胁迫对黄瓜幼苗的伤害,其中以250 mg/L处理效果最好。     

木霉共培养发酵对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果

为明确深绿木霉HB20111和哈茨木霉TW21990共培养发酵对黄瓜枯萎病的防治作用,采用对峙培养法观察两菌株的亲和性,通过浸种抑菌萌发试验筛选共培养发酵的最佳条件,并在温室条件下验证其生防效果.结果表明:在PDA平板上25℃对峙培养5 d,两株木霉亲和性较好.两菌株等量接种发酵培养基,25℃、130 r/min振荡培...