套种三叶草与不同施肥处理对温室黄瓜生长及土壤环境的影响

为了探索温室黄瓜有机栽培施肥模式,研究了套种三叶草与不同施肥处理对黄瓜产量、品质及土壤环境变化的影响。结果表明:施用70%的有机肥且套种白三叶草(Trifolium repens)的处理黄瓜单产较其他处理增加7.81%～18.86%;黄瓜中Vc含量较100%化肥和70%有机肥处理增加18.45%、6.85%,硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐含量比100%化肥处理分别下降9.72%、32.76%;且黄瓜从盛瓜期开始土壤速效养分含量显著增加,末瓜期土壤速效氮含量较其他处理增加幅度为21.46%～33.92%,速效钾含量增加20.13%～69.94%,速效磷含量增加7.5%～28.80%,并且种植白三叶草能显著提高黄瓜叶片中的氮、钾含量,有效地提高地表温度。从本试验结果看,施用70%的有机肥且套种三叶草是温室黄瓜有机栽培可选用的施肥方式。     

外源乙烯对黄瓜幼苗根系生长及内源多胺含量的影响

精确控制营养液溶氧浓度和外源乙烯浓度,研究了黄瓜幼苗根系在低氧水培时的生长情况以及PAs含量的变化。结果表明,外源乙烯对根际低氧逆境下黄瓜幼苗根系的生长有抑制作用,虽然根径增粗,含水量增加,但根系的总根数、总表面积、总体积、干重和鲜重都有所减少,随着乙烯浓度的增加,抑制作用增强;外源乙烯对根际低氧逆境下黄瓜幼苗根系PAs含量有着明显的拮抗作用,外源乙烯使根际低氧逆境下黄瓜幼苗根系的伤害症状加重。     

黄瓜抗枯萎病离体鉴定技术的研究

通过比较10种具有不同枯萎病抗怀的黄瓜材料对两类选择压力的反应，确定离体抗鉴定的适应选择压力为FOC（the culture filtraltes of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum)原液和1mg/L FA(fusaric acid)粗制品溶液，适宜的鉴定时间为愈伤组织诱导期，黄瓜材料离体培养物对选择压力的反应与材料苗期抗病性比较一致。     

Effects of polyamines on K+, Na+ and Cl− content and distribution in different organs of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings under NaCl stress

Seedlings from the salt-sensitive cucumber cultivar Jinchun No. 2 and the salt-tolerant cucumber cultivar Changchun Mici were exposed for 8 days to 50 mmol/L NaCl in the absence or in the presence of exogenous foliar spraying PAs [putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm) 1 mmol/L] to compare the effects of different kinds of polyamines (PAs) on plant tolerance to salinity. This paper studied the effects of exogenous PAs on K⁺, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ in different organs of cucumber seedlings. The results showed that K⁺ content as well as the ratios of K/Na and Cl/Na decreased, while Na⁺ and Cl⁻ concentrations increased in salt-treated cucumber seedlings. The differences in K⁺, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ content and the K/Na and Cl/Na ratios were greater for the salt sensitive cultivar Jinchun No. 2 than for the salt-tolerant cultivar Changchun Mici. Cucumber seedlings treated with exogenous polyamines and combined with salinity exhibited a higher level of K⁺ accumulation and lower levels of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ accumulation compared with the seedlings treated only with salt stress. Among the three kinds of polyamines, Spd and Spm were more effective in inhibiting the accumulation of Na⁺ and reduction of K⁺. However, Put was more effective in reducing Cl⁻ accumulation. Furthermore, all of the three kinds of exogenous polyamines could increase the ratio of K/Na, improving the absorption and transport selectivities of K⁺ and Na⁺ from stems to leaves for both cultivars. In conclusion, exogenous polyamines could alleviate salt damage to some extent and enhance the accumulation of biomass. Among the three kinds of polyamines, spermidine was most effective. Exogenous polyamines could improve tolerance of cucumber seedlings under salt stress by regulating the absorption and distribution of ions in different organs. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2007, 27(3): 1122–1129 [译自: 生态学报]     

西双版纳黄瓜子叶原生质体培养

西双版纳黄瓜子叶在含1%纤维素酶、0.5%离析酶、加或不加0.3%半纤维素酶和0.3mol/L 甘露醇的CPW 酶液中游离出大量优质原生质体。浅层培养在附加0.5mg/L2.4-D 和1.0mg/L KT 等成份的KM_(8P)(-NH_4~+)培养基上,形成了微愈伤组织。转接到MS 附加多种成分的固体培养基上,愈伤组织得到增殖和生根。     

壳聚糖对黄瓜萌芽种子及幼苗生理生化特性的影响

以黄瓜(cucumis sativus)种子及幼苗为试材．研究了壳聚糖处理后的生理生化特性变化．结果表明：壳聚糖能够促进叶绿素合成和子叶增重．提高过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和L-苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性，增强超微弱发光强度。     

投影寻踪回归（PPR）技术在日光温室黄瓜光合速率分析中的应用

本研究采用ＰＰＲ技术，对温室条件下连续观测的与黄瓜光合速率有关的１２个因子、上百组数据进行了分析。结果表明：各时期影响光合速率的主要因子为温度、二氧化碳和水分。深冬期晴天１３∶００～１５∶００时的计算机模拟分析显示：保持室内ＣＯ２浓度４．６×１０－４～５．０×１０－４，温度２０～２５℃，光合速率可达３０～３２μｍｏｌ·ｍ－２·ｓ－１，为模拟试验的优化区     

低温胁迫对黄瓜嫁接苗和自根苗保护酶活性的影响

研究了以黄瓜自根苗为对照，以黑籽南瓜为砧木的长春密刺黄瓜嫁接苗在5℃低温腔迫下叶片与根系SOD、CAT和POD活性的变化。结果表明，在低温胁有和低温胁迫过程中，嫁接苗叶片SOD、CAT活性都高于自根苗，而根系中酶活性两者差异较小。本研究发现，利用黑籽南瓜为砧木嫁接，可使长春密刺黄瓜嫁接苗地上部在低温胁迫下获得高于自根苗的保护酶活性，进而具有了比自根苗强的抗低温胁迫能力。     

华黄2号黄瓜主要农艺性状的相关与通径分析

以新一代杂交黄瓜品种华黄2号为材料,研究了总产量与其他12个性状的相关性和通径系数。相关分析结果表明,采瓜数、平均单瓜重、坐果率、早期产量等性状与总产量呈显著正相关,早期产量与早期采瓜数等性状呈显著正相关;第1朵雌花节位与总产量呈极显著负相关。通径分析表明,总产量主要受采瓜数与平均单瓜重直接影响。     

外源ABA和GA_3对NaCl胁迫下黄瓜种子萌发特性的影响

NaCl胁迫下,黄瓜种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数以及胚根长和鲜重均显著下降,且随NaCl浓度的增加下降的幅度增大.外源ABA和GA3浸种处理均能显著缓解不同浓度NaCl对黄瓜种子萌发的抑制作用,1×10-6mol/L ABA和25 mg/L GA3处理可使75 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下黄瓜种子发芽指数比对照分别提高81.67%和77.78%;同时外源ABA和GA3浸种处理还可不同程度地缓解NaCl胁迫对黄瓜种子α-淀粉酶活性的抑制作用,提高黄瓜幼苗子叶中超氧化物歧化酶活性.