海滨锦葵块根粉和酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长和免疫的影响

以断奶仔猪为试验对象,探讨海滨锦葵块根粉和酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长和免疫的影响。64头28日龄断奶仔猪随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂基础日粮添加0．02％复合酶制剂、0．50％和1．00％海滨锦葵块根粉。试验期28d。结果表明,酶制荆和海滨锦葵块根粉对断奶仔猪的日采食量和日增重有提高趋势,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）;与对照组相比,酶制剂和海滨锦葵块根粉对断奶仔猪血清中溶菌酶活性无显著影响（P〉0．05）;有降低血清中TNF-Ⅱ含量的趋势,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）;与对照组相比,酶制剂可以显著降低IL-6含量（P〈0．05）,海滨锦葵块根粉也降低了IL6含量,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）;与对照组相比,酶制剂组、0．50％和1．00％的海滨锦葵块根粉组的猪瘟疫苗抗体效价分别提高了15．27％（P〉0．05）、18．18％（P〉0．05）和5I．64％（P〈0．05）。结果提示,酶制剂与海滨锦葵块根粉对断奶仔猪生长性能有提高趋势,同时也可以提高断奶仔猪的机体免疫力。     

二花脸仔猪在运输过程中的行为特征和血浆皮质醇水平的变化

本试验采用实时跟踪摄像和颈静脉血管瘘连续采样,观察二花脸断奶仔猪在2h运输过程中的行为表现,并测定血浆皮质醇水平的动态变化。结果表明:运输前期(出发后15min)仔猪的探究行为和异常行为发生次数较多且持续时间较长,运输中期(出发后60~75min)此类行为显著减少(P<0.05),而到运输后期(最后15min)几乎观察不到此类行为;仔猪的躺卧行为在运输前期和中期发生次数较少,持续时间较短,而在运输后期仔猪大部分时间都处于躺卧状态(P<0.05);运输至中期仔猪大部分时间处于站立状态,而到运输后期站立行为显著减少(P<0.05);仔猪蹲坐行为发生的次数和持续时间在运输的前中后无显著差异(P>0.05)。仔猪上车后皮质醇水平迅速上升(P<0.05),出发15min升至峰值,且保持该高水平直到2h运输结束,下车后15min皮质醇水平迅速下降至上车前15min的基础水平。     

复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

为研究复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响,此次试验选取了40头28±2日龄杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪,并将它们随机分成4个处理组。这4个处理组均饲喂基础日粮,其中,试验1、2、3组分别添加0.1%复合酸化剂、0.2%复合酸化剂、0.3%复合酸化剂,对照组不做任何处理。试验结果表明,在30d试验期内,试验组仔猪比对照组仔猪平均日增重分别提高了5.9%、13%、10.24%,其中基础日粮中添加0.2%复合添加剂的试验组与对照组日增重差异显著(P<0.05);料肉比分别下降了7%、10.21%、8.13%;并且试验组的仔猪腹泻率较之对照组有明显的下降。试验发现,日粮中添加复合酸化剂能显著改善断奶仔猪生产性能,复合酸化剂添加量为0.2%时,仔猪的生产性能最佳。     

Effects of composite antimicrobial peptide on growth performance and health in weaned piglets

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of composite antimicrobial peptide (CAP) on growth performance and health status in weaned piglets. Over 28 days, 36 weaned piglets (body weight, 10.58 ± 0.99 kg) underwent three treatments: negative control (NC, basal diet), positive control (PC, basal diet + 20 mg/kg colistin sulphate + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin), and CAP treatment (CAP, basal diet with 400 mg/kg CAP). Average daily gain of piglets fed the CAP diet was greater (P < 0.05) than that of piglets fed the PC or NC diet during days 1–7, 8–14 and 15–21. Diarrhea rates of piglets fed the CAP or PC diet were lower (P < 0.05) than those of NC‐fed piglets during days 1–7. Apparent total tract digestibility for dry matter and crude ash in CAP‐fed piglets was greater (P < 0.05) than that of NC‐fed piglets. In the CAP group, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts were greater (P < 0.05) and Escherichia coli counts were lower (P < 0.05) than numbers for the NC group. Our results indicate that dietary CAP had beneficial effects on growth performance and health status in weaned piglets.     

Dietary fibre and indigestible protein increase ileal glycoprotein output without impacting colonic crypt goblet cells in weaned piglets

Mucus plays an important role in gut health by favouring colonisation resistance. The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of fibre and protein on mucin recovery in ileal digesta and on goblet cell histochemistry in the proximal colon. A control diet with highly digestible protein and low fibre and three complex diets containing indigestible protein associated with low, soluble or insoluble fibre sources were tested for 14 days in piglets weaned at 28 days of age. Mucin concentration was determined by ethanol precipitation. Goblet cell subtypes in colonic crypts were analysed by histochemistry. The ileal mucin output was higher with the complex diets than with the control diet (31.6 on average vs 21.7 g/kg DM intake). Increases observed with the low and soluble fibre diets were similar (34 g/kg DM intake). This suggests a limited effect of soluble fibre in presence of indigestible protein. Surprisingly, the observed increase was lower with insoluble fibre (27.2 g/kg DM intake). DM and N output and digestibility were not affected by the diets, but a linear relationship was found between DM and mucin output. In proximal colon, crypt depth, goblet cell numbers per crypt and glycosylation subtypes were not affected by the diet suggesting no change in the capacity of mucus to protect the gut. To conclude, introducing highly indigestible protein in the diet increased ileal mucin output, without effects of these factors on crypt goblet cell patterns in the proximal colon. Introducing fibre in a diet containing highly indigestible protein had a marginal effect.     

中药饲料添加剂对断奶仔猪免疫功能的影响

选取胎次相近、日龄相同的杜-长-大哺乳仔猪16窝,随机分为4组,前3个处理组在相同的基础日粮中分别添加中药饲料添加剂Ⅰ(4 kg/t)、中药饲料添加剂Ⅱ(4 kg/t)、金霉素(70 g/t)和杆菌肽锌(30 g/t)。于仔猪断奶前3 d、断奶后1,4,7,14,28 d采血,对免疫指标进行分析,研究中药饲料添加剂对断奶仔猪免疫功能的影响。结果表明:中药饲料添加剂能提高断奶仔猪血液红细胞数、白细胞数、淋巴细胞百分率,能促进断奶仔猪血清免疫球蛋白、补体的生成,显示中药饲料添加剂对断奶仔猪的免疫增强作用。     

植物小肽替代鱼粉对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率及肠道发育的影响

试验旨在研究植物小肽对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率及肠道发育的影响。选择体重为9.56 kg左右的35日龄健康杜长大三元杂种断奶仔猪120头,按照体重相似的原则随机分为2个处理,每个处理设6个重复,每个重复10头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(含2.5%鱼粉),试验组添加2%植物小肽(替代基础饲粮中2.5%鱼粉)。试验期28 d。结果表明,植物小肽组仔猪日增重和日采食量分别比对照组提高5.88%(P<0.05)和2.67%(P<0.05),料重比显著降低2.74%(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,植物小肽组仔猪十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度显著提高(P<0.05),十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),十二指肠和空肠的绒腺比(V/C)也显著提高(P<0.05)。综合来看,断奶仔猪饲粮中2%植物小肽替代2.5%鱼粉促进了仔猪肠道发育,提高了生长性能。     

刺五加提取物抗仔猪断奶应激的效用

【目的】研究刺五加提取物(ASE)的抗仔猪断奶应激作用。【方法】生长试验选用96头体重相近的21日龄断奶仔猪,按体重和性别随机分为3个处理,每个处理4个重复,分别饲喂基础日粮、添加ASE日粮和添加抗生素日粮。试验期21d,观察仔猪生长性能,测定血清生化参数及相关激素水平的变化。消化试验选用6头仔公猪(同上),按2×3×3复拉丁方设计,饲喂上述3种日粮,测定营养物质的消化率。【结果】与基础日粮组相比,ASE可显著提高日增重、显著降低料肉比;提高日粮钙、总能和磷的表观消化率;提高断奶后血清低密度脂蛋白、胆固醇和葡萄糖的含量,降低血清尿素氮含量并提高血清碱性磷酸酶活性;显著提高血清游离甲状腺素T3和T4、生长激素及胰岛素样生长因子-1水平和T3/T4。【结论】ASE可调节激素分泌,提高断奶仔猪消化代谢水平,从而减缓断奶应激,促进仔猪生长。     

镰刀菌毒素对断奶仔猪脾脏抗氧化能力和白细胞介素-1β、白细胞介素-6分布和表达的影响

本试验旨在研究自然霉变饲粮中镰刀菌毒素对断奶仔猪脾脏抗氧化能力和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)分布和表达的影响。选择35日龄平均体重为(8.45±0.94)kg的健康三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶仔猪母猪40头,随机分为2组,每组20头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,镰刀菌毒素组饲喂含镰刀菌毒素[玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)0.90 mg/kg;呕吐毒素(DON)1.43mg/kg,烟曲霉毒素(FUM)5.85 mg/kg]的试验饲粮。预试期7d,正试期35d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,镰刀菌毒素显著降低了断奶仔猪血清和脾脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性(P0.05),显著升高了丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05)。2)镰刀菌毒素使断奶仔猪脾脏白髓区明显变小,红髓区扩张且出现近圆形小空洞,动脉周围淋巴鞘中淋巴细胞数量较少。3)镰刀菌毒素导致断奶仔猪脾脏IL-1β和IL-6阳性细胞主要集中于白髓边缘,且靠近血窦的地方阳性点更多。4)与对照组相比,镰刀菌毒素显著升高了断奶仔猪脾脏IL-1β和IL-6mRNA相对表达量(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中镰刀菌毒素显著影响断奶仔猪血清和脾脏抗氧化能力,并通过改变脾脏IL-1β和IL-6的分布和表达,降低脾脏的免疫功能。     

鸡蛋粉在猪生产中的应用研究进展

鸡蛋粉是一种良好的蛋白质资源,富含免疫活性物质,在减少动物腹泻、增强机体免疫力方面具有重要功效。本文综述了鸡蛋粉的生产工艺、营养价值以及鸡蛋粉和特异性卵黄抗体在猪生产中的应用现状。