经贸类大学生实践能力剖析及培养

随着经济形势发展，要求大学生有一定的实践经验，旧的教学模式重理论而轻实践已经不能适应这种形势。利用实验平台，构建多学科交叉实验体系，建立仿真的实验环境，制定科学合理的实验方法，参与地方经济发展调研活动；培养经贸类大学生的创新意识和实验能力。     

Computed tomographic anatomy of the temporomandibular joint in the young horse

Reasons for performing study: The equine temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its surrounding structures can be difficult to investigate in cases with a clinical problem related to the region. Little previous attention has been given either to a computed tomographic (CT) imaging protocol for the joint or an interpretation of the structures displayed in CT images of the normal joint. Objectives: To provide a CT atlas of the normal cross‐sectional anatomy of the equine TMJ using frozen and plastinated sections as anatomical reference. Methods: Eight TMJs from 4 immature pure‐bred Spanish horses were examined by helical CT. Scans were processed with a detailed algorithm to enhance bony and soft tissue. Transverse CT images were reformatted into sagittal and dorsal planes. Transverse, sagittal and dorsal cryosections were then obtained, photographed and plastinated. Relevant anatomic structures were identified in the CT images and corresponding anatomical sections. Results: In the CT images, a bone window provided excellent bone detail, however, the soft tissue components of the TMJ were not as well visualised using a soft tissue window. The articular cartilage was observed as a hyperattenuating stripe over the low attenuated subchondral bone and good delineation was obtained between cortex and medulla. The tympanic and petrous part of the temporal bone (middle and inner ear) and the temporohyoid joint were seen in close proximity to the TMJ. Conclusions: Helical CT provided excellent images of the TMJ bone components to characterise the CT anatomy of the normal joint. Potential relevance: Detailed information is provided that may be used as a reference by equine veterinarians for the CT investigation of the equine TMJ and serve to assist them in the diagnosis of disorders of the TMJ and related structures (middle and inner ear). The study was performed at an immature stage and further studies of mature individuals are required in order to confirm that the clinical interpretation is not affected by changes occurring with age.     

Long-Term Increasing Productivity of High-Elevation Grassland Caused by Elevated Precipitation and Temperature

It is important to understand how climate change and increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition over the past decades have affected the productivity of different grassland types. High-elevation grasslands are sensitive to human activities and climate change, however little is reported about the effect of temperature, precipitation, and N deposition on productivity. For monitoring long-term changes in productivity, four ungrazed sites were established in 1984 in a high-elevation grassland of the Tianshan mountains in central Asia and grassland productivity was measured over ≈2−3 decades. In addition, a site with four N addition treatments was established in 2009. We conducted an 8-yr experiment in which nitrogen was added in the high-elevation grassland. These results show an aboveground net primary production (ANPP) increase in both spring and the peak growing season at ungrazed sites with increasing temperature and precipitation in the past 30 yr. ANPP of grasses and total grasses and forbs were strengthened by increased N deposition, especially when heavy snowfall was accompanied by higher spring and growing season temperatures. ANPP of total grasses and forbs was significantly correlated with snowfall. High-elevation grasslands are clearly susceptible to climate change and N deposition.     

蜂胶抗菌效果影响的研究

以乙醇浸出提取的蜂胶和CO2超临界萃取提取的蜂胶为材料,测定了两种蜂胶的效果和最低抑菌浓度。结果表明:两种蜂胶对大肠埃希氏杆菌、枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白念珠菌和紫色癣菌都有一定抑菌效果,最低抑菌浓度为1.54～3.08mg/mL。     

公共基础化学实验微型化教学改革探讨

将微型实验与常规实验仪器规格和试剂用量进行了对比,并进行了试验。微型化学实验具有减少环境污染、节约实验经费、节省实验时间和实验室空间、培养学生科学创新的能力等优点,微型化化学实验为研究性学习提供了一个崭新的化学实验教学模式,有利于学生综合素质的提高。     

青脚白羽鸡测交羽色效应研究

青脚白羽鸡是近年来选育出的新品种,为了利用好该鸡种优良的种质特性,试验中用其他优良鸡种与其测交,以期使更多的优良性状组合在一起,甚至超过双亲,将杂交优势在生产中加以利用。目前的试验结果表明,以青脚白羽鸡作母本、川东大黑鸡作父本的测交组合经济性状效果最好,其测交的羽色遗传效应较复杂,认真研究该遗传效应,对于丰富遗传育种理论和指导育种实践有着重要的意义。     

Cross-sectional area of the tendons of the tarsal region in Standardbred trotter horses

Reasons for performing study: The assessment of a normal range for cross‐sectional area (CSA) of tendons in the tarsal region is important in order to use them as reference values in the identification of pathological changes of dimensions. Objectives: To provide normal reference values for the CSA of the tendons of the tarsus of Standardbred trotter horses (STH) by means of ultrasonography. Methods: Transverse echographic images of the tendons were obtained at different levels proximodistally; these images were digitised and CSA values (mean ± s.d.) were obtained for each structure. Results: The largest structure corresponded with the lateral digital flexor/caudal tibial tendon complex at Level 1 and the smallest was the medial digital flexor tendon at Level 4. Almost all tendons showed a slight decreasing in their CSA when crossing the tarsus. Conclusions: The normal CSA values of tendinous structures in the tarsal region of the STH are reported. These data could be used as anatomical references. Potential relevance: The establishment of reference values could serve as a tool to discriminate between normal and abnormal dimensions of tarsal tendons in STH. Other horse breeds should need their own reference values.     

5种药剂防治大沙鼠试验

大沙鼠(Rhombimys opimus)对甘肃省河西地区沙生荒漠植被造成严重危害。试验选取5种化学药剂,在民勤县荒漠梭梭林内进行大沙鼠药剂防治试验,结果表明:0.5%大卫和磷化锌的防治效果较好,校正灭洞率分别为88.24%和83.39%;克鼠星1号和C型肉毒素的校正灭洞率分别为78.70%和71.24%;鼢鼠灵的防治效果最差,校正灭洞率为9.67%。0.5%大卫与克鼠星1号、C型肉毒素、鼢鼠灵之间均存在显著差异(P0.05),磷化锌与C型肉毒素、鼢鼠灵之间均存在显著差异(P0.05),说明0.5%大卫、磷化锌对大沙鼠的防治效果最佳,克鼠星1号和C型肉毒素对大沙鼠也有较好的防治效果。     

中草药“杀虫补”防治鸡球虫病实验研究

中药"杀虫补"以杀虫燥湿、清热解毒遣药组方,主要由攻毒杀虫、去腐敛疮类药组成。实验结果表明,1%"杀虫补"组ACI为181.7,相对增重率达88.7%;0.5%"杀虫补"组ACI为173.4,相对增重率达82.4%;磺胺氯吡嗪钠组ACI为173.5,相对增重率达80.5%,表明"杀虫补"治疗鸡球虫病的效果确切,1%治疗剂量属高效杀虫药。用5%和10%剂量进行慢性毒性实验,未发现明显的中毒反应,但平均增重率分别为43.1%和32.0%,增重效果明显受到影响(P0.01),说明长期大剂量使用,会造成鸡的生长抑制。5 g/kg和3 g/kg剂量急性毒性实验表明,大剂量一次性使用不会造成鸡的死亡,但会抑制鸡的生长。以上实验结果表明,该中药组方对肉鸡球虫病具有治疗、预防以及增重的效果,按治疗剂量使用安全有效。     

新时代饲料跨境电商面临的问题及应对措施研究

随着饲料行业国际市场竞争的日趋加剧,我国饲料企业跨境电商业务受到了严重冲击.近几年,由于农业、畜牧业及肉、蛋、奶等产品的市场价格波动,放大了跨境电商活动中原本就存在的跨境物流、金融支付、网络安全、国际法律公约缺失等问题.为在新的竞争环境下有效降低产品市场价格波动对跨境电商造成的不利影响,应从强化国际间贸易协作,拉动国内...