内蒙古主要农作物病虫害发生简介

介绍了内蒙古主要农作物病虫害发生的状况。     

Two-component method for crossing self-fertilized crops

Summary The paper presents the method of choosing parents for simple and multiple crossings formularizing the well-known principles i) effective performance of breeding traits in hybrid population and ii) genetic divergence between parents; an original procedure of the integral performance estimation of hybrid population taking into consideration the specific features of a breeding program; an estimation of divergence between parents by way of computing the parentage coefficients. It gives a substantiated computation of the objective heuristic function in the process of assessing various combinations of crossing on the basis of both estimations, the said function offering a quantitative evaluation of the relative perspective efficiency of the hybrid combinations before crossing.     

农作物秸秆在有机生态型无土栽培中的应用研究

以农作物秸秆（玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆、水稻秸秆）为主要基质配方原料,进行室内理化性状分析和温室内蔬菜作物栽培试验,结果表明：农作物秸秆作为有机生态型无土栽培的主要配方原料是可行的,能够满足蔬菜作物的正常生长发育需要,且各处理的产量均比对照有所增加,并且以炉渣：玉米秸秆：菇渣=5：3：2和炉渣：水稻秸秆：菇渣=5：3：2的配比效果较好.     

四种食用菌室内周年栽培茬口设计与经济效益分析

以鄂南农村多年种菇实践为依据．结合本地气候特点和菇耳生物学特性，提出了室内周年种菇（耳）茬口设计方案，并进行了经济效益分析。     

饲料中转基因植物成分的检测

为了确保动物产品对人体健康不造成危害,有必要对饲料中是否含有转基因成分进行检测。本文主要综述了可用于饲料中的转基因作物、检测饲料中转基因成分常用的方法以及这些方法在实际中的应用。     

Establishment, Development and Yield of Forage Legumes and Grasses as Cover Crops in Grain Corn in Eastern Canada

Interseeded cover crops can minimize soil erosion, increase organic matter and nutrient levels and the yield of subsequent crops. However, their performance is very sensitive to local conditions. Field experiments were conducted at two Quebec locations in 1993 and 1994 in order to evaluate the potential use of forage legumes and grasses as interseeds in corn in eastern Canada. Twelve forage species were evaluated. Fall rye ( Secale cereal L.), hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth), a mixture of red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) and ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam), a mixture of white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) and ryegrass, subterranean clover ( Trifolium subterraneum L.), yellow sweet clover ( Melilotus officinalis Lam.), black medic ( Medicago lupulina L.), Persian clover ( Trifolium resupinatum L.), strawberry clover ( Trifolium fragiferum L.), crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum L.), annual alfalfa ( Medicago saliva L.) and berseem clover ( Trifolium alexandrinum L.) were seeded at two planting dates (10 and 20 days after corn emergence). The control treatments were: hand weeding, chemical weeding and non-weeded. Early seeded forages established better and had higher biomass accumulation than the late seeded ones. In the presence of larger weed populations, the interseeded forages did not develop well due to competition with the weeds. At Macdonald crimson clover provided good soil cover while Persian clover, fall rye and alfalfa provided relatively little cover. Strawberry clover and hairy vetch did not provide early ground cover due to their late development. Forage mixtures of red or white clover and rye grass established well and achieved high populations at the end of the growing season. Fall rye provided good early ground cover but senesced by the middle of the season. The better establishment and early germination of crimson clover caused a 19% reduction in corn grain yield in 1993. In 1994 none of the cover crops caused a reduction in corn yield.     

籽粒苋高产综合农艺组合方案的探讨

试验于1987～1989年在本院教学实验场进行。采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计,对影响籽粒苋产量形成的密度,播期、氮、磷.钾的施用量5项关键性农艺措施进行了定量化的综合研究。初步确定了最佳农艺措施组合方案,并利用产量反应模型研究了各项农艺措施对产量形成的单独反应以及各项农艺措施间的互作效应。     

Characterization of Growth, Nitrogen Accumulation and Competitive Ability of Six Tropical Legumes for Potential Use in Intercropping Systems

Legume cover crops can be successfully used as intercrop or relay crops in low-input farming systems. To select appropriate species for intercropping, experiments were conducted in the savannah zone of Côte d'Ivoire during the wet seasons of 1997 and 1998 to determine the growth and nitrogen (N) accumulation of six cover legumes as well as the characteristics indicative of competitive ability. The species included the erect growing Crotalaria juncea and Cajanus cajan , the creeping species Mucuna pruriens var. cochinchinensis and Calopogonium mucunoides and the bushy herbaceous species Aeschynomene histrix and Stylosanthes hamata . Marked differences in phenology were observed as S. hamata and C. juncea flowered around 45–55 days after sowing (DAS) and the other species around 80–95 DAS. C. juncea and C. cajan produced close to 9 ton dry matter ha^–1, whereas the other species produced less than half this amount. The average estimated amount of accumulated N, based on leaf material, was around 70 kg ha^–1 for all species except S. hamata and A. histrix , which only produced around 25 kg ha^–1. Based on morphological characteristics, C. juncea , C. cajan and the short-lived M. pruriens were identified as potentially most competitive, indicating that productivity and competitive ability are strongly linked. The implications of these findings for intercropping systems in upland rice production are discussed.     

主要瓜类作物的抗病毒病育种（上）

The main problems of breeding for resistance to virus in cucurbit crops were discussed in detail in the present review.Themain contents are as follows: The presentstatus of research on virus diseases; The mainkinds of virus in cucurbit and their harm anddistribution; The identification methods ofcucurbit virus disease; The research onepidemiology of cucurbit virus disease; Themode and mechanism of resistance to virusdisease; Strains of cucurbit virus; Theinheritance of resistance to cucurbit virus; Theachievements, progress and prospects ofbreeding for resistance to virus in maincucurbit crops.     

太原市耕作土壤和作物中Cd的污染分析

在调查监测的基础上 ,对太原市三县 (区 )耕作土壤和农作物中Cd元素的含量及污染程度进行了分析评价;研究了耕作土壤与农作物中金属元素Cd的相互关系。结果表明 ,该地区耕作土壤和农作物中Cd元素严重超标 (土壤样品100 %超标 ,农作物有46.6 %的样品超标 )。经相关性检验 ,土壤中Cd含量与农作物中Cd含量密切相关 ,其相关性均达显著水平 ,说明该区农作物的Cd污染主要来自于土壤的Cd污染。