不同收获期青贮玉米品种农艺性状和生物学产量的研究

[目的] 研究不同收获期对2种玉米农艺性状和生物学产量的影响,选择适宜在内蒙古乌兰察布市凉城县制作青贮饲料的玉米品种以及最佳收获期。[方法] 以全株青贮玉米吉东81和粮用玉米甘优702为试验材料,试验期为2019年9月5日至10月5日,设11个收获日期,分析不同收获日期2种玉米株高以及各部位鲜物质产量、干物质含量和干物质产量的变化。[结果] 2种玉米株高随着收获期的延长呈先增加后平稳趋势,9月17日吉东81和甘优702的株高最高,分别为3.51 m和2.94 m,试验期间吉东81的平均株高显著（P<0.05）高于甘优702。2种玉米茎叶、秆、果穗和整株鲜物质产量呈先上升后下降趋势,干物质含量呈递增趋势,干物质产量呈先上升后平稳趋势。2种玉米整株平均鲜物质产量差异不显著（P>0.05）,吉东81的整株平均干物质含量和干物质产量显著（P<0.05）低于甘优702。[结论] 全株青贮玉米品种吉东81最佳收获期为9月23—26日,粮用玉米品种甘优702最佳收获期为9月17—20日,且在相同种植条件下全株青贮玉米品种吉东81更适合在内蒙古乌兰察布市凉城县推广。     

模拟氮沉降和收获期对秋萌东方旱麦草生长与饲用品质的影响

短命植物东方旱麦草(Eremopyrum orientale)广泛分布于新疆北部,适时萌发,有助于缓解春季饲草短缺。为探究氮沉降和收获期对秋萌东方旱麦草生长与饲用品质的影响,本试验采用人工模拟方式,设置0 kg·ha^-1·a^-1,30 kg·ha^-1·a^-1,60 kg·ha^-1·a^-13个氮添加处理和2个收获时期(拔节孕穗期和开花期),分析不同处理下秋萌东方旱麦草生长指标和饲用品质指标变化。结果表明：在30 kg·ha^-1·a^-1,60 kg·ha^-1·a^-1氮添加条件下,秋萌东方旱麦草的株高、叶长、叶宽、分蘖数、茎粗、平均地上鲜重、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均高于0 kg·ha^-1·a^-1;同时,中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量降低。与第一收获期相比,第二收获期东方旱麦草粗蛋白含量显著降低,中、酸性洗涤纤维与粗脂肪含量升高,平均地上生物量无差异。综合考虑东方旱麦草秋萌株的生长与饲用品质,在第一收获期(拔节孕穗期)和60 kg·ha^-1·a^-1氮添加下可获得最优饲草,但30 kg·ha^-1·a^-1较低水平氮沉降也能显著提升其生产力与饲用品质。     

实时光电微生物检测技术在乳品质控中的应用

对酸奶中的霉菌酵母菌同时采用实时光电微生物检测系统与国标法进行检测,分析比较两种检测方法所得的检测数据.本实验利用实时光电微生物检测系统的霉菌酵母检测试剂瓶对市售酸奶及阳性添加样品采用半定量的检测方法进行快速检测,能快速地检测到目标菌存在,继而给系统提前预警.结果表明,当霉菌酵母菌含量在10～3.5×105CFU/mL时,实时光电微生物检测方法在1.8～33h内预警.当平板计数法的检测结果小于10CFU/mL时,实时光电微生物检测方法的检测时间均大于33h,在仪器设置运行48h内未出现预警现象.实时光电微生物检测技术与国标平板法两种检测方法的检测结果相当吻合.应用实时光电微生物检测技术能快速便捷,对酸奶产品中霉菌酵母菌进行监测,其检测速度和灵敏度均能满足工厂实验室的快速筛选检测,还利于产品的关键控制点的监测.     

Invertebrate drift densities in the Njoro and Kamweti Rivers in the Kenyan highlands that differ in the level of anthropogenic disturbances

Invertebrate drift is one of several fundamental ecological processes in streams. However, little is known about the dynamics of invertebrate drift in Kenyan streams. In this study, we assessed invertebrate drift in two rivers, i.e. Njoro and Kamweti, that differ in the level of anthropogenic disturbances, between February and March, 2016. The aim was to evaluate the effect of river sampling duration (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min) and sampling period (day or night) on invertebrate drift densities. The 5-minute sampling period resulted in significantly higher mean drift densities than the other time intervals in both rivers. The highest mean drift density (2.0 ± 0.9 individuals m^?3) was recorded at the Njoro River during the day, whereas the lowest drift density (0.3 ± 0.2 individuals m^?3) was recorded at the Kamweti River during the day. A strong nocturnal drift pattern was noted at the less disturbed river (Kamweti). The present results suggest that anthropogenic perturbations influence invertebrate drift densities, and sampling duration and sampling period are important factors to consider when sampling invertebrate drift.     

无磷酸氢钙日粮对生长猪的影响研究

将48头杜×长×大三元杂交生长猪随机分为两组,分别饲喂正常磷水平日粮和无磷酸氢钙日粮,结果表明:与正常磷水平日粮相比,无磷酸氢钙日粮可显著提高磷的表观消化率(P<0.05),增加猪场的纯收入,减少粪中磷的排放以保护猪场周边的生态环境。     

Association of oxidative status and insulin sensitivity in periparturient dairy cattle: an observational study

Post‐parturient insulin resistance (IR) is a common feature in all mammalian animals. However, in dairy cows, it can be exacerbated because of high milk yield, leading to excessive negative energy balance, which is related with increased disease incidence, reduced milk production and worsened reproductive performance. IR has been extensively investigated in humans suffering from diabetes mellitus. In these subjects, it is known that oxidative stress (OS) plays a causative role in the onset of IR. Although OS occurs in transitional dairy cattle, there are yet no studies that investigated the association between IR and OS in dairy cattle. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between OS and IR in dairy cattle. Serum samples were taken repeatedly from 22 dairy cows from 2 months prior to the expected calving date to 2 months after calving and were analysed for markers of metabolic and redox balance. Surrogate indices of insulin sensitivity were also calculated. Generalised linear mixed models revealed an effect of the oxidative status on peripheral insulin concentration and on indices of insulin sensitivity. Hence, field trials should investigate the effectiveness of antioxidant therapy on insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues during the transition period of dairy cattle.     

奶牛干奶期饲养管理要点

无论对奶牛还是奶牛饲养管理者干奶期的饲养管理都很重要,本文从干奶期长短,干奶方法,干奶期奶牛的饲养和管理,干奶期乳房炎和其它代谢疾病的预防和控制等方面介绍了实践中奶牛干奶期应注意的几个要点。     

日粮中添加亮氨酸对生长大鼠血浆瘦素水平和骨骼肌蛋白质代谢的影响

试验旨在探讨添加亮氨酸的日粮对生长大鼠生长性能、骨骼肌蛋白质代谢和瘦素分泌的影响。试验选用24只4周龄雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠作为试验动物,分别饲喂添加3%L-亮氨酸的试验日粮和添加2.04%L-丙氨酸的对照日粮,试验期为12 d。试验第12天,所有大鼠大剂量一次性腹腔注射L-[ring-2H5]苯丙氨酸注射液。结果表明:日粮添加亮氨酸对大鼠生长性能没有显著影响(P>0.05);试验组大鼠血浆中瘦素浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。持续饲喂试验日粮的大鼠腓肠肌和比目鱼肌的蛋白质分解均显著低于对照组大鼠(P<0.01),但仅腓肠肌蛋白质合成显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。总之,长期饲喂添加L-亮氨酸的日粮可以提高生长大鼠血浆中瘦素浓度,并可显著调节生长大鼠骨骼肌蛋白质代谢。     

Disseminated candidiasis secondary to fungal and bacterial peritonitis in a young dog

Objective – To describe a severe case of bacterial sepsis and disseminated candidiasis in a previously healthy dog.
Case Summary – Fungal sepsis was identified in a 2-year-old dog following intestinal dehiscence 4 days after abdominal surgery. Septic peritonitis was identified at admission and evidence of dehiscence at the previous enterotomy site was found during an exploratory laparotomy. Both gram-positive cocci and Candida albicans were cultured from the abdominal cavity. Candida sp. was also subsequently cultured from a central venous catheter. Euthanasia was performed due to failure to respond to therapy. Fungal organisms, morphologically consistent with Candida spp., were found in the lungs and kidney on postmortem histopathologic examination indicating disseminated candidiasis.
New or Unique Information Provided – Candida peritonitis is a well-recognized entity in humans and contributes to morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Abdominal surgery, intestinal perforation, presence of central venous catheters, and administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics are all considered to be suspected risk factors. This report describes the first known case of systemic candidiasis occurring secondary to Candida peritonitis and bacterial sepsis in a critically ill dog.     

甜菜粕的资源化利用及其在猪营养中的应用

甜菜粕经干燥制粒后在母猪和肥育猪日粮中的应用越来越多。文章综述了甜菜粕资源化利用现状,比较了不同甜菜粕营养成分间的差异性,并综述近年来甜菜粕作为饲料资源在母猪和肥育猪上的应用研究,以期为进一步开发利用甜菜粕提供理论基础和参考。