四季鹅产蛋前后腺垂体远侧部细胞的超微结构比较

对处于产蛋、停产和产前等不同时期的四季鹅腺垂体远侧部分泌促激素的６类细胞,即促生长激素细胞（α细胞）、催乳激素细胞（η细胞）、促卵泡形成激素细胞（β细胞）、促黄体生成激素细胞（γ细胞）、促甲状腺激素细胞（δ细胞）及嫌色细胞等的超微结构作了比较观察。结果表明,产蛋期嗜碱性β、γ和δ细胞呈旺盛的细胞结构象,细胞器结构发达,腺体功能活跃;停产期特征是η细胞稍增多,细胞器少,腺体功能处于相对静止;产前期仅α细胞功能活跃,嫌色细胞数量较多,此时腺体功能低下。     

Green tea polyphenols supplementation alters immunometabolism and oxidative stress in dairy cows with hyperketonemia

Peripartal cows often experience negative energy balance, and are therefore prone to suffering from metabolic diseases such as hyperketonemia, which causes financial losses in dairy farms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea polyphenol (GTP) supplementation during the periparturient period on production performance, oxidative stress and immunometabolism in dairy cows with hyperketonemia. One hundred Holstein cows were assigned to GTP (0.2 g/kg DM; n = 50) or control (without GTP; n = 50) group based on body weight, previous milk yield, and parity on d 15 before expected parturition. Subsequently, 10 cows with hyperketonemia were selected from each group, according to blood β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentration between 1.2 and 2.9 mmol/L from 2 to 3 d postpartum. All cows were fed a close-up diet and a lactation diet with or without GTP supply from 15 d prepartum until 30 d postpartum. Milk and blood samples were obtained from 20 cows selected with hyperketonemia on 10, 20, and 30 d postpartum. Compared with control cows, greater milk yield and lower somatic cell count were observed in GTP cows. The GTP group had lower concentrations of BHBA, free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglyceride, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, greater concentrations of glucose, lower activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and glutamyl transpeptidase, alongside greater activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. Additionally, GTP supplementation up-regulated concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10, but down-regulated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-8, and interferon-γ in plasma. Greater concentrations of plasma immunoglobulin G were also detected in the GTP group. Overall, the data suggested that GTP supplementation from 15 d prepartum to 30 d postpartum improved the milk yield and health status in cows with hyperketonemia during early lactation.     

中草药、益生素和抗生素对猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响比较试验

本试验旨在比较中草药、益生素和抗生素对生长猪生产性能和免疫功能的影响。试验选取15kg左右的杜×长×大三元杂交猪90头,随机分为抗生素组、0.2%益生素组和0.2%中草药组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪,试验时间28d。结果表明:(1)与抗生素组相比,益生素及中草药组的日增重提高、料重比降低(P>0.05);(2)中草药组的IgG、IgM、IgA、C3、C4含量和益生素组的IgG含量均显著提高(P<0.05)。结论:在生长猪日粮中添加0.2%益生素或中草药能够促进动物生长,提高免疫功能,效果优于抗生素。     

预热段蚕茧感温与干燥工艺关系的研究

研究表明 ,鲜蛹与半干蛹感温变化趋势相似 ;快速加温与中、慢速加温区间蛹体感温存在极显著差异 ;预热段加温速度以中速偏快 (1 0～ 1 2℃ /min)为宜。茧层潮湿可以使半干蛹感温滞后 2～ 6min ,并且快、中速加温区同工艺对应潮、燥茧层间 ,半干蛹感温差异水平显著。说明茧层水分一方面吸收了空气热量 ,另一方面又阻碍了热能向茧内传递     

甜菜粕的资源化利用及其在猪营养中的应用

甜菜粕经干燥制粒后在母猪和肥育猪日粮中的应用越来越多。文章综述了甜菜粕资源化利用现状,比较了不同甜菜粕营养成分间的差异性,并综述近年来甜菜粕作为饲料资源在母猪和肥育猪上的应用研究,以期为进一步开发利用甜菜粕提供理论基础和参考。     

成年母牛体况评分及其影响因素分析

体况评分(BCS)是评价奶牛饲养效果好坏、营养代谢正常与否的标志,也是奶牛健康与否的标志之一。体况评分为制订下一阶段的饲养管理措施提供重要依据,同时也受到很多因素的影响。本文旨在研究不同胎次、干奶期、泌乳期、不同的泌乳阶段等影响因素对奶牛体况评分的影响。测定本场2009年3月共219头胎次在0～6胎的中国荷斯坦奶牛体况评分,应用SPSS15.0软件对不同胎次、干奶期、泌乳期、不同的泌乳阶段等影响因素对奶牛体况评分的影响加以分析。结果表明:胎次对奶牛BCS的影响不显著(p0.05);干奶期和泌乳期对奶牛BCS的影响极显著(p0.01);泌乳阶段对BCS的影响极显著(p0.01)。因此提示在实际的生产中应灵活调控各影响因素对体况评分的影响,提高母牛生产性能。     

Association of oxidative status and insulin sensitivity in periparturient dairy cattle: an observational study

Post‐parturient insulin resistance (IR) is a common feature in all mammalian animals. However, in dairy cows, it can be exacerbated because of high milk yield, leading to excessive negative energy balance, which is related with increased disease incidence, reduced milk production and worsened reproductive performance. IR has been extensively investigated in humans suffering from diabetes mellitus. In these subjects, it is known that oxidative stress (OS) plays a causative role in the onset of IR. Although OS occurs in transitional dairy cattle, there are yet no studies that investigated the association between IR and OS in dairy cattle. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between OS and IR in dairy cattle. Serum samples were taken repeatedly from 22 dairy cows from 2 months prior to the expected calving date to 2 months after calving and were analysed for markers of metabolic and redox balance. Surrogate indices of insulin sensitivity were also calculated. Generalised linear mixed models revealed an effect of the oxidative status on peripheral insulin concentration and on indices of insulin sensitivity. Hence, field trials should investigate the effectiveness of antioxidant therapy on insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues during the transition period of dairy cattle.     

基于界限温度的贵德木本花卉观赏期确定

近年来,贵德县以生态为本、旅游为基,大力发展观光农业,为了做好观光农业的气象服务,选取贵德三河地区观光农业中主要种植的月季和牡丹两种木本花卉,应用贵德1961~2016年国家基本站观测资料,通过文献查证花卉的开始生长至开花期的气象指标,分析贵德地区月季和牡丹开始生长至开花期相关的界限温度,确定出贵德地区月季和牡丹萌芽期,利用积温法确定出开花期的积温指标,确定出最佳赏花期,以便提高各特色观光园中花卉的种植,来延长园中花卉观赏期,游客选择各花卉的最佳观赏期,提高观赏效果。     

日粮中添加亮氨酸对生长大鼠血浆瘦素水平和骨骼肌蛋白质代谢的影响

试验旨在探讨添加亮氨酸的日粮对生长大鼠生长性能、骨骼肌蛋白质代谢和瘦素分泌的影响。试验选用24只4周龄雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠作为试验动物,分别饲喂添加3%L-亮氨酸的试验日粮和添加2.04%L-丙氨酸的对照日粮,试验期为12 d。试验第12天,所有大鼠大剂量一次性腹腔注射L-[ring-2H5]苯丙氨酸注射液。结果表明:日粮添加亮氨酸对大鼠生长性能没有显著影响(P>0.05);试验组大鼠血浆中瘦素浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。持续饲喂试验日粮的大鼠腓肠肌和比目鱼肌的蛋白质分解均显著低于对照组大鼠(P<0.01),但仅腓肠肌蛋白质合成显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。总之,长期饲喂添加L-亮氨酸的日粮可以提高生长大鼠血浆中瘦素浓度,并可显著调节生长大鼠骨骼肌蛋白质代谢。