HACCP体系在利乐砖纯牛奶生产中的应用

旨在建立一套有效适合于利乐砖纯牛奶生产的HACCP体系,提高产品质量与安全。结合利乐砖纯牛奶生产工艺的各个步骤,分析各个环节可能造成产品质量安全问题的危害和关键控制点。利用HACCP体系各原则,确立了5个有效的CCP及其限值,最后建立了HACCP生产过程各环节执行标准,为安全生产提供技术保障。经验证该体系对于利乐砖纯牛奶产品质量和安全控制有效、可行。     

一类带临界指数的凹凸非线性椭圆方程第二个正解的存在性

主要研究了一类凹凸非线性椭圆方程-Δu=up+λuq x∈Ω u>0 a.e.x∈Ω u∈H1(Ω)(1)第二个正解的存在性,其中N≥3,p=N+2/N-2,0相似文献   

标准Ⅰ型马蹄形断面水跃共轭水深的计算

【目的】研究标准Ⅰ型马蹄形断面水跃共轭水深和临界水深的计算方法,为马蹄形断面的设计与计算提供依据。【方法】从水跃的基本方程出发,按照分块计算面积和形心至水面距离的方法,详细推导了4种工况下标准Ⅰ型马蹄形断面水跃共轭水深的计算公式;根据临界水深的一般计算方法,推导出了标准Ⅰ型马蹄形断面临界水深的计算公式。【结果】提出了当水深分别位于底部弓形、下部扇形、顶拱半圆形断面内时,断面形心至水面距离和水跃共轭水深的计算公式,提出了临界水深的迭代公式,并通过例题给出了计算过程。【结论】建立了标准Ⅰ型马蹄形断面水跃共轭水深和临界水深计算公式,该公式较简单,可以直接应用于实际工程。     

创新浪潮下批判性思维的社会性缺位、根源及对策分析

对于创新思维而言,批判性思维具有积极的认知、伦理和社会价值。然而,我国创新浪潮下出现了批判性思维在科技、社会领域的社会性缺位现象。其因有三：一般性误解否定了批判性思维对创新思维的积极作用;“实用至上”历史价值观否定了“求真至上”;现行教育理念与实践加剧了批判性思维的缺位。对此,提出只有通过批判思维与创新思维相结合、分析技术能力与人格培养相结合、明晰界定批判性思维在教育理念与实践中的应有地位、建立相关课程保障体等措施,才能逐步改善目前批判性思维的社会性缺位现状。     

HACCP在水煮藕生产中的应用

HACCP是保证食品安全和控制食品质量的预防性技术管理体系。论述HACCP在水煮藕生产过程中的应用,水煮藕生产工艺流程及危害分析,通过控制原辅料验收、杀菌、pH调整、金属探测,实现预防和降低水煮藕生产中的各种危害的方法。     

基于鱼类游泳能力的鱼道设计流速解析

短须裂腹鱼（Schizothorax wangchiachii）是黑水河流域生态修复重要的保护鱼类,为了使过鱼设施取得最佳过鱼效果,鱼类有更好的上溯路径,需要针对性探究过鱼对象的游泳能力指标;基于鱼道的水力学特性,对短须裂腹鱼感应流速、临界游泳速度、爆发游泳速度以及游泳耐力进行研究。结果表明,短须裂腹鱼的感应流速为（0.09±0.03）m/s,相对感应流速为（0.39±0.15）BL/s,流速0.04~0.14 m/s,趋流率（F）随流速（V）增大而显著增大,F=0.7576lnV+2.485（R2=0.97,P＜0.01）;临界游泳速度（Ucrit）为（1.41±0.18）m/s,相对临界游泳速度（U’crit）为（6.27±1.14）BL/s;递增流速法测得的爆发游泳速度(Uburst)为（1.83±0.23）m/s,相对爆发游泳速度(U’burst)为（7.95±1.04）BL/s;固定流速法测得爆发游泳速度为1.8 m/s,持续游泳速度为1.2 m/s,在1.2~1.8 m/s耐久游速区间,持续游泳时间（T）随游泳速度（V）增大而减小,lgT = -4.5015V+9.468 (R2=0.69,P＜0.01)。结合鱼道水力学特性,推荐鱼道最小流速为0.20 m/s,高速区流速小于1.44 m/s,鱼道进口部分流速为1.20~1.44 m/s,休息池段流速为0.20~1.16 m/s。     

非惯性参考系下中厚板的非线性自由振动分析

基于Hamilton原理，利用Timoshenko-Mindlin板理论建立了非惯性参考系中弹性中厚板在单轴转动下的非线性运动方程。并利用符号代数语言分析了其在多种弹性边界条件下的自由振动情况，结果发现当单轴转动速率小于极限速率时，板的自由振动表现为周期运动，而当单轴转动速率大于其极限速率时，板的自由振动不再为周期运动。     

压杆稳定计算的图解解析法

本文说明了压杆稳定计算的图解解析法的原理，分析了压杆截面设计图解解析法的使用条件，通过例题说明了求解过程。     

PRACTICALITY, USEFULNESS, AND LIMITS OF END-TIDAL CARBON DIOXIDE MONITORING IN CRITICAL SMALL ANIMAL PATIENTS

End-tidal monitors for measuring carbon dioxide (CO₂) have become widely available for clinical use in the last two decades. This non-invasive technology has been previously evaluated in anesthetized veterinary patients, but its accuracy has not been assessed in critical patients. We investigated the usefulness and limits of end-tidal CO₂ monitoring in two populations of critical small animal patients: spontaneously breathing dogs and mechanically ventilated patients with healthy and damaged lungs. In analyzing samples from 43 spontaneously breathing dogs and 34 ventilated patients (28 dogs and six cats), the end-tidal CO₂ was generally lower than pCO₂. The predictive value for hypoventilation was excellent in both populations (100%). The linear correlation of the end-tidal CO₂ and arterial pCO₂ in non-panting dogs with healthy lungs was 0.84 (p<0.0001), and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference was ± 3.2 mm Hg. However, the measures were uncorrelated in panting dogs (r=0.37, p=0.27), and the 95% CI was ± 13.37 mm Hg. Furthermore, where multiple samples could be obtained in individual patients, the r values and differences of end-tidal compared to arterial pCO₂ varied unpredictably. These variations did not appear to be predicted by patient factors such as lung disease. We conclude that the end-tidal CO₂ monitor is clinically useful for detecting hypoventilation and monitoring apnea, but it should be supplemented with arterial pCO₂ determinations if it is important to obtain accurate pCO₂ measures.     

Evaluation of Pulse Oximetry as a Continuous Monitoring Technique in Critically Ill Dogs in the Small Animal Intensive Care Unit

To assess the clinical applicability of pulse oximetry in the intensive care setting, a comparison was made of arterial hemoglobin saturation values determined by in vitro oximetry (SaO₂) and pulse oximetry (SpO₂) in 21 critically ill dogs. Single SaO₂ measurements were compared to simultaneously obtained SpO₂ readings. The correlation between these two methods was statistically significant (r = 0.8944, p = 0.0001). In addition, heart rates read by the pulse oximeter were compared to simultaneously obtained electrocardiograms (ECG). The correlation between these two methods was statistically significant (r = 0.9966, p = 0.0001). The pulse oximeter was easy to use, and recorded trends in oxygenation virtually instantaneously. Pulse oximetry appears to be an accurate and practical technique for the continuous non-invasive monitoring of oxygenation in critically ill dogs in the intensive care unit.