麦洼牦牛冷季补饲试验研究

[目的]为了提高麦洼牦牛冷季成活率.[方法]在红原县的三个示范户中开展麦洼牦牛冷季补饲试验.补饲时间为2008年1～4月份,比较全群全期补饲青干草+精料模式与当地的传统的"少量补饲"模式的效果.试验牦牛分为1.5岁育成牛、6～8岁经产的空怀带犊母牛和6～8岁的经产怀孕母牛.分析的指标包括体重,体尺及死亡率.[结果]表明,尽管除了部分体尺指标外,大部分体重体尺指标均表现了"掉膘",但试验组育成牛与空怀母牛相对于对照组在体重上减少较少(P ＜0.05),试验组牛只的越冬死亡率及怀孕牛的初生流产、死亡率均比对照组明显降低.[结论]说明冷季补饲是十分必要的.     

乡村治理中的农村民间组织发展

农村民间组织发展有助于乡村治理。发展农村民间组织应转变乡镇政府职能,适当放宽对农村民间组织登记注册的限制。农村民间组织应加强自身建设,发挥其在政府和农民间的桥梁纽带作用。     

民事行为无效规则在票据法中的适用

票据行为属于民法上的民事法律行为范畴,但同时又是一种特殊的民事法律行为。其除适用民法的一般规则外,还适用票据法的特定规则。票据行为的无因性、文义性、独立性、要式性等特征,决定了在处理票据纠纷尤其是确定票据行为的效力时,不能简单套用《民法通则》中关于民事行为无效的规定,而应结合票据行为的特征来认定。     

中法民事审前准备程序比较

我国的民事审前准备程序存在着诸多问题,改革完善势在必行。中法两国民事审前准备程序在法律框架、实践层面上有同亦有异。改革和完善我国目前的审前准备程序不能冒进,应在现有法律制度的基础上,借鉴与我国法律文化相似国家的经验,根据我国的国情进行。     

农林院校“大土木”本科教育若干问题探讨

为了应对竞争日益激烈的教育环境以及解决社会对大学生知识技能新要求的需要,对高校专业调整后土木工程本科教育的培养目标和教育模式进行研究。在综合研究教学反馈和调查资料的基础上,结合农林院校的办学条件和特点,就“大土木”本科教育的专业课程设置和外语教学2个方面进行了分析。分析认为,改革课程设置和重视外语教学是促进土木工程学科发展和毕业生就业的有效措施。     

压砂地西瓜补灌技术筛选研究

通过选取不同的补灌技术对压砂地西瓜进行了补水技术研究,结果表明:补灌技术对西瓜纵径和西瓜横径具有相同的影响效果,西瓜成熟后车补、滴灌、管灌处理的西瓜纵径分别为27.7、29.2、25.8cm,西瓜横径分别为19.4cm、20.7cm、18.9cm,滴灌西瓜横径最大,车补次之,管灌最小。三因素三水平的最优组合为滴灌方式、灌水定额为90m3/hm2,灌水次数为5次;经方差分析可知,灌水定额和补水方式对产量影响显著,灌水定额较之补水方式更为显著,而灌水次数无显著影响。     

有限元程序的发展和趋势

目前在土木工程领域,主要的大型通用有限元分析程序包括ABAQUS,ANASYS,MARC和ADINA等,简要介绍了上述软件的现状和特点,为土木工程领域的相关分析研究奠定了理论基础,同时总结了各种大型通用有限元分析程序的发展趋势和方向。     

Effects of Diet and Organic Fertilization on Water Quality and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Populations in Ponds Used to Culture Freshwater Prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii

ABSTRACT

Effects of three diets: (1) complete diet; (2) supplemental diet (vitamin and mineral supplements not added); and (3) the supplemental diet with an adjunct organic fertilization regimen (using distiller's dried grains with solubles [DDGS]) on benthic macroinvertebrate populations and water quality in experimental ponds used to culture freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii were investigated. Benthic samples were taken from deep (1.5 m) and shallow (1.0 m) areas of each of nine 0.02-ha ponds every three weeks, using a 0.09-m² Ekman dredge. The abundance of gastro-pods, oligochaetes, total non-insects, chironomids, total dipterans, total insects, and total macroinvertebrates was significantly higher (P <0.05) in ponds receiving the complete diet, possibly due to lower predatory pressure by prawns or direct benefits of micronutri-ents. Total macroinvertebrate abundance was significantly decreased (P <0.05) in ponds receiving supplemental diet (with and without organic fertilization), possibly due to increased predation by prawns to supplement the nutrition not provided by the lower quality diet. Organic fertilization significantly increased (P <0.05) the abundance of oligochaetes and total macroinvertebrates. These data suggest that M. rosenbergii can adjust to reduced feed quality by increasing consumption of benthic fauna.     

Genetic diversity within sea trout population from an intensively stocked southern Baltic river,based on microsatellite DNA analysis

Sea trout, Salmo trutta L., populations in the Slupia River basin have been affected by mass stocking with smolts and fry. This work is focused on a small‐scale differentiation in sea trout populations from one basin with a strong emphasis on the relationship between wild and hatchery origin fish. A total of 216 sea trout were genotyped at 10 microsatellite loci. Global F_ST obtained by amova was low at 0.0165. Pairwise F_ST were significant for all tests except wild and stocked adults. The highest pairwise difference was found between the hatchery sample and Kwacza (F_ST = 0.038). Analysis of the genetic structure revealed micro‐geographical differentiation with four subpopulations. The quality of the artificial spawning was found not to be adequate with a high risk of adverse effects to the whole population. All future stocking actions in the basin should consider the existing population structures.     

Effect of supplements during the cold season on the reproductive system in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes

We examined the development of the reproductive system in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes when fed only oat hay (CON) or supplemented with either lick blocks (BS) or concentrate feed (CS) during the cold season. The average daily gain of the CS ewes was greater than that of the BS ewes (P  < 0.05), which was greater than that of the CON ewes. The same pattern was observed in the number of ovarian follicles (P  < 0.001), that is, CS > BS > CON. Serum concentrations of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone, follicle‐stimulating hormone, luteotrophic hormone, estradiol and progesterone in the CS and BS groups were higher than in the CON group (P  < 0.05). The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of KiSS‐1, GPR54 (G protein‐coupled receptor 54), ERα (estradiol receptor α) in the hypothalamic anteroventral periventricular area of the CS group were higher than in both the BS and CON groups (P  < 0.05), while the BS group was higher than in the CON group (P  < 0.05). Similar differences among groups were observed for gonadotropin‐releasing hormone receptor mRNA expression in the pituitary, follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA expression in the ovary. These results indicated that the KiSS1/GPR54 system was more active with nutrition or trace mineral supplementation during the cold season. The system stimulated the hypothalamic–pituitary?gonadal axis and enhanced folliclar development in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes. We concluded that energy, protein and trace minerals supplements could improve the reproductive performance of Tibetan sheep on the Qinghai‐Tibetan plateau.