新疆南部农区鼠害调查与成因分析

南疆农区鼠害严重,但基础资料不足。为摸清当地鼠害发生特点,提供有效治理依据,本研究于2018年-2019年在南疆5地州39乡64村开展实地与问卷调查,并采用夹捕法调查害鼠种群构成。结果表明,南疆5地州农村普遍遭受鼠害影响,喀什与和田地区农田受害比例达89.4%,问卷结果表明农户和农田鼠害发生率均大于75%,且西部地区重于东部,约一半受访农户估计每年因鼠害损失超过500元。褐家鼠Rattus norvegicus是农户主要害鼠,占比超过70%;农田则以小家鼠Mus musculus和乌拉尔姬鼠Apodemus uralensis为主。这些结果表明,南疆农区鼠害处于重发态势,褐家鼠是主要鼠害来源,并有外来入侵风险。下一步应聚焦于监测主要害鼠种群动态规律,阐明褐家鼠来源和侵入机制,并探索建立适于当地的害鼠防治模式。     

新农村视角下农民参与式小型水利

用水户参与式灌溉管理是我国近年来在总结本国管理体制基础上结合国际管理经验提出的一项重大改革。新时期倡导“坚持以人为本，构建和谐社会”的社会主义“新农村”建设与发展过程中，国家高度重视农村基础设施的建设发展特别是农村水利设施，那么农村小型水利工程参与式管理体制目前状况如何、今后如何围绕“新农村”发展将是新时期农村水利管理体制发展所面临和需要解决的。     

关于做好农业和农村节水工作的几点思考

农业用水占我国用水总量的 70 % ,开展和推进农业节水 ,是建立节水型社会的关键 ,也是实现我国水资源可持续利用的内在要求。要做好农业和农村节水工作 ,应当十分重视“预测预报、水资源保障、城乡供水、水污染防治、防洪减灾、计量监测、技术推广、投融资、抗旱服务、政策法规”等十大体系的建立和建设     

生物慢滤技术在宜昌农村饮水安全

生物慢滤技术适用于农村小型分散式饮水处理技术。通过五峰、秭归等地的实践，阐述了生物慢滤工艺的技术特点及净水原理，指出慢滤是一种不用任何机械动力和化学药剂的水处理方法。通过生物慢滤技术，水质满足饮用水要求，与同等规模的水处理设施比较，投资节省达90%，施工方便。慢滤池结构简单，运行管理方便，自耗水量少，出水水质好，在农村饮水工程中具有广泛的应用前景。     

农村运输安全性系统的综合分析与评价

介绍农村运输安全性系统的组成要素、特性及以系统主要素为参数的一定运输系统事故的数学模型。通过事故次数模型和质量指标评价模型的相应分析，揭示了发生事故的主要因素，提出了减少和控制事故发生的一些手段。通过实例分析。证明系统事故次数模型和质量指标评价模型是适用的。     

Some Ideas on Reconstruction of Villages inside the City

In this paper, the historical reasons of formation of the village inside the city are analyzed. It is indicated that such situation for the villages inside the city are the result of joint action of both the villagers and the government. The foundation of villages inside the city laid on the simple compensation for farmers in confiscating the rural land and lack of intelligence aids. In this paper, the ideas and measures for their reconstruction are put forward based on consideration of the reasons of their formation and difficulties in the reconstruction.     

An Evidential Analysis on the Rural Urbanization Development in Chongqing

The rural urbanization process in Chongqing is much slower than that in other metropolitans and most of the provinces in eastern China, which can't adapt to its important function as the economic and cultural center in southwestern China.It is urgent for Chongqing to accelerate the rural urbanization for improving its whole urbanization level and speeding up its economy development to catch up with other metropolitans and some advanced provinces.Compared with the urbanization in other metropolitans and some provinces, the authors demonstrated the rural urbanization situation and its characteristics in Chongqing in details, analyzed the reasons for the poor urbanization and its influences on the social-economic development especially that in the rural area.Inferior position of Chongqing's small towns in the market competition with those from other provinces is one of the results of its poor urbanization development.At last, the authors suggested a few practical countermeasures to improve the rural urbanization in order to get a rapid and sustainable rural development and to increase the whole economic effects of the metropolitan.     

PROBABILISTIC EVALUATION FOR STEEL FRAME COLUMNS OF TALL BUILDINGS

Based on properties of parameters and test data of dom-estic steel,this paper analyses the reliability and partial coefficient forresistance of steel frame columns of tall builings.The result may serveas a scientific basis.It is not only for domestic steel instead of importedsteel in building tall steel structures,but also for compiling concerendstandards.     

The Software System for Computation and Drawing of Ship Properties

The softwa re system suggested in this paper is applied to replace the traditionalhanded-computation forms. It uses the cubic sample interpolation and numerical integral,and is writ-ten with FORTRAN according to the accurate formula. With this software system,the nine sorts ofcomputation results of ship properties can be obtained. The system is con nected through SCR filewith AutoCAD,and ean draw automatically eleven sorts of pictures according to the computation re-sults.     

The Monitoring Measurements and Country Rock Control of NATM in Tunnel of Express Road during Construction

In this paper the author' s study on the monitoring measurement technique of NATM,the regularity and conditions of the country rock deformation are analysed based on the site measurement data in the west section of Zhongliangshan tunnel. The regression analysis of measure data for different measure lines of vavious country rock is done by the use of self-compiled CRAP program. The stability criterion for various rockmass and optimum time for primary and permanent support are provided. The conclusion available could conduct the theoretical research of NATM deeply as well as tunnel design and construction.