改革人大运行机制加强人大对政府的制约与监督

权力应受制约已成共识,行政机关作为执行机关,理应受到立法机关的监督。全国人大是国家的最高权力机关,代表全国各个阶层人民的意志和利益,应将新闻舆论和审计权划归人大管理。     

Analysis of Causes and Impacts of Soft Budget Constraints of Enterprises Based on Dynamic Game for Three Players

This paper researches the behavior difference among government,banks and enterprises and how it affects soft budget constraints of enterprises and non-performing loans of banks based with dynamic game.The game model suggests that government will give banks some assistance and let them refinance enterprises,especially government has strong(incentive) to sustain SOEs in China's transitional economy.Banks will do it if the assistance from government is more than the loss from refinance enterprises.In addition the value of liquidation of enterprises and the new loans affect banks' refinancing old enterprises.     

Automatically Assembly Sequence Planning Based On Genetic Algorithms

A modified genetic algorithm for automatically assembly sequence planning is presented in this paper. The assembly direction sets of parts in structure are built to evaluate a assembly sequence without collisions. Five genetic operators are proposed. The fitness of sequence is calculated by its reorientation number, and a fitness scaling scheme is used to overcome premature termination. Example is provided to demonstrate the performance of this algorithm.     

中国畜牧业环境约束的量化分析——基于土地环境承载力和生态足迹

聚焦高质量发展背景下畜牧业环境约束主题,从土地环境承载力和生态环境承载力两个方面量化分析畜牧业环境约束水平,明确中国畜牧业环境约束的时空分异特征以及养殖、需求规模分别同土地、生态环境的匹配程度。采用养分平衡法和三维生态足迹模型分别测算了畜牧业土地环境承载力和生态环境承载力,并进行时空特征分析。结果显示:2001—2018年,土地环境可载猪当量增长45.21%,土地环境承载力指数下降36.07%,畜牧业土地环境承载状况明显好转;人均畜牧业生态足迹和生态承载力分别提升22.81%和42.96%,生态承载强度呈缓和趋势,但截至2018年,畜牧业生态足迹仍高达承载力的2.46倍,生态赤字为2.08×10~8hm~2;综合两维度来看,中国畜牧业仍面临严峻的生态环境压力,区域间环境约束不平衡现象显著,土地环境约束"南重北轻"、生态环境约束"东重西轻",东南沿海地区土地、生态环境承载压力最重。研究表明,中国畜牧业环境约束严峻,但正在趋向缓和状态,特别是土地环境约束明显好转,但生态环境约束形势依然不容乐观,生态环境约束总体要重于土地环境约束且长期未得到足够重视。     

基于模糊定权的模糊可信性约束二次规划模型

为了最大化黑河中游作物产生的经济效益和社会效益,采用模糊定权的方法将多目标效益转化为作物的综合效益权重,并将该权重应用于作物的水分生产函数中,对甘州区、临泽县和高台县的作物(小麦和玉米)进行水量优化配置.该模型为模糊可信性约束二次规划模型,模糊可信性约束中采用三角模糊数,可信性置信水平分别取0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9和1.0.以2011年的水量优化为例,优化后较优化前作物的配水量减少了3 701.25万m³,产量增加了1 291.28万kg,经济效益和社会效益分别提升了0.28亿元和0.18万人.另外,规划年2020年作物水量配置较现状年(2011年)的小麦和玉米的配水量分别减少了4.98%~5.24%和11.01%~12.07%,缺水情况得到改善.不同条件下的配水结果能够给决策者提供不同的方案.     

Temperature and substrate controls on microbial phospholipid fatty acid composition during incubation of grassland soils contrasting in organic matter quality

Soil incubations are often used to investigate soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and its response to increased temperature, but changes in the activity and community composition of the decomposers have rarely been included. As part of an integrated investigation into the responses of SOM components in laboratory incubations at elevated temperatures, fungal and bacterial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were measured in two grassland soils contrasting in SOM quality (i.e. SOM composition), and changes in the microbial biomass and community composition were monitored. Whilst easily-degradable SOM and necromass released from soil preparation may have fuelled microbial activity at the start of the incubation, the overall activity and biomass of soil microorganisms were relatively constant during the subsequent one-year soil incubation, as indicated by the abundance of soil PLFAs, microbial respiration rate (r), and metabolic quotient (qCO₂). PLFAs relating to fungi and Gram-negative bacteria declined relative to Gram-positive bacteria in soils incubated at higher temperatures, presumably due to their vulnerability to disturbance and substrate constraints induced by faster exhaustion of available nutrient sources at higher temperatures. A linear correlation was found between incubation temperatures and the microbial stress ratios of cyclopropane PLFA-to-monoenoic precursor (cy17:0/16:1ω7c and cy19:0/18:1ω7c) and monoenoic-to-saturated PLFAs (mono/sat), as a combined effect of temperature and temperature-induced substrate constraints. The microbial PLFA decay patterns and ratios suggest that SOM quality intimately controls microbial responses to global warming.     

浅议新闻报道对网络匿名信源的使用

随着社会的发展,我国新闻界的消息来源逐渐呈现出多元化、多渠道化的趋势。目前,来自网络的匿名信源也开始崭露头角并日渐增多。本文旨在对新闻媒介使用网络匿名信源的现状及其来源进行分析,并对其负面影响进行探讨。     

论学术期刊公信力的重建

学术期刊公信力频频出现危机,这已经是摆在学术界与期刊界面前的现实难题。要恢复和重建学术期刊的公信力,必须从完善编辑组织结构、建立科学合理的稿件评审机制和学术期刊评价机制、整合评价资源人手,以达到恢复和重建学术期刊公信力的目的。     

灌区广义水资源不确定性多目标优化配置

针对农业水资源配置系统的复杂性和不确定性,构建模糊可信性随机多目标农业水资源优化配置模型,以农业灌溉净经济效益最大和绿水利用占比最大为目标,对丰水年、平水年和枯水年下不同分区各生育阶段的水稻灌溉水量进行优化配置。将模型应用于湖北省漳河灌区,目标权重组合分别为（0.5, 0.5）、（0.75, 0.25）和（0.25, 0.75）,可信性水平取0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9和1.0,得到不同情景下农业水资源配置方案。结果表明：多目标规划模型能够很好统筹社会经济发展目标与资源节约目标,优化方案的绿水利用占比在0.835以上,经济效益最高达14.153亿元;更高的可信性水平对应更低的系统效益与更高的绿水利用占比,丰富的优化方案能够帮助决策者权衡系统收益与违规风险;当水资源短缺时,应该优先保证抽穗期和孕穗期的作物需水,使因缺水造成的水稻减产损失最小化。总的来说,优化模型所得到的水资源配置方案能够为漳河灌区水资源管理者提供理论指导,同时为类似地区的农业水资源优化配置提供参考。     

山区农业机械运作限制及使用效率

随着我国经济的不断发展,农村的自动化设备也得到越来越广泛的应用,取代了以前手动劳作的辛苦,但是机械的运作在山区存在一定的限制,山区的条件制约着机械的运作,如何有效进行机械运作和提高其工作效率成为大家关注的话题.文章从山区农业机械运作限制及使用效率方面进行分析.