基于PSS/E参数文件的电力系统可视化图形生成系统

利用PSS/E形成的参数等值数据文件，结合电力系统数字仿真数据结构的特点，提出了一种只需人工输入少量信息(PSS／E节点名)，充分利用已有的PSS/E参数文件，支持等值网络的绘图系统。本系统能自动进行网络拓扑编号；自动从PSS/E参数数据文件中搜索到用于仿真的等值数据、自动进行三相节点编号、计算并保存等值机的数据信息；根据PSS／E数据文件对网络结构进行自检，仿真结果以COMTRADE格式数据输出。本系统减少了用户工作量，充分利用了已有资源，提高了电网分析的智能化和准确性。     

叶轮内部三维不可压湍流数值模拟

一般来说，离心泵叶轮内的流动是三维的湍流流动，叶轮的旋转和表面曲率效应以及随之而来的哥氏力和离心力，使叶轮内的流动极其复杂，致使内部流场测试困难。随着计算机技术的迅速发展．叶轮内流数值模拟研究相当活跃。为此，将计算流体力学（CFD）技术应用于叶轮设计，基于Nayier—Stokes方程和标准x—ε紊流模型，依据三维数值模拟的结果，优化与叶轮设计相关的几何参数，使叶轮内的流态接近于理想流态，从而保证叶轮具有良好的性能。     

蜗壳内部含沙水两相流动的CFD模拟分析

基于N-S方程,对水轮机金属蜗壳在清水和含沙水两相流动时的内部流场进行了全三维CFD数值模拟,输送清水介质时采用标准k-ε湍流模型,输送含有固体颗粒的含沙两相介质时采用k-ε-Ap模型,采用笛卡儿坐标、混合四面体非结构网格和SIMPLE算法进行计算,揭示了含沙水两相流体在水轮机引水部件中的运动规律,分析了水轮机蜗壳内部流场两相流动机理,对蜗壳内部泥沙磨损进行了预测和分析,得出的模拟结果与实际电站的资料基本吻合,说明利用CFD模拟进行蜗壳内部泥沙磨损性能预测及优化设计是可行的。     

基于Markov随机场的猪肉糜微结构图像模拟

利用Markov随机场和Gibbs分布理论，建立了猪肉糜微结构图像的随机场模型，然后通过迭代方法，对不同微结构的猪肉糜图像进行了随机模拟，同时对随机模拟图像和原始图像作了对比分析。糜状食品物料微观结构图像的分析和模拟是定研究其微结构模式形态对流变特性影响的关键问题。通过从已知流变特性反演糜状食品物料微结构的几何形态，可以更深入地探讨、研究微结构形成的动力学机制和过程，进而沟通流变特性和微结构形态之间的联系，从而为定量描述糜状食品物料的流变特性提供了条件。     

Design and Performance Analysis of Low Pressure Irrigation Distribution Systems

Low-pressure pipe distribution systems forsurface irrigation provide both off- andon-farm recognized environmental benefits.However, expected benefits can only beattained when adequacy, dependability andequity of systems are high enough tosupport appropriate conditions for wateruse on the farm. An innovative methodologyfor design and analysis is proposed anddescribed, which includes the generation ofthe demand at the scale of the distributionsystem and, consequently, the generation ofthe flow regimes expected during a givenperiod of time, generally the peak month.These flow regimes are utilized for theoptimization of pipe sizes using theiterative discontinuous method for severalflow regimes. The performance analysis isdeveloped through the system simulationwith several flow regimes, which allow thecomputation of the system adequacy,dependability and equity. An application toone sector of the Sorraia irrigation systemillustrates the usefulness of themethodology proposed.     

Inverse Modeling to Quantify Irrigation System Characteristics and Operational Management

Remotely sensed (RS) data is a major source to obtain spatialdata required for hydrological models. The challenge for thefuture is to obtain besides the more direct observable data(landcover, leaf area index, digital elevation model andevapotranspiration), non-visible data such as soilcharacteristics, groundwater depth and irrigation practices.In this study we have explore the option of using inversemodeling to obtain these non-RS-visible data. For a commandarea in Haryana, India, we applied for the 2000–2001 rabiseason a RS-GIS-combined inverse modeling approach to derivenon-RS-visible data required in the regional application ofhydrological models. A Genetic Algorithm loaded stochasticphysically based soil-water-atmosphere-plant model (SWAP) wasdeveloped for the inverse problem and used in the study. Theresults showed good agreement with the inventoried data suchas soil hydraulic properties, sowing dates, groundwaterdepths, irrigation practices and water quality. The deriveddata could be used to predict the state of the system at anytime in the cropping season, which can be used to evaluateoperational management strategies.     

油葵收获割台工作性能仿真及试验研究

为研究油葵收获割台在工作过程中的性能与可靠性,得到该割台正常工作时的关键参数,利用SOLIDWORKS对割台进行三维参数化建模并导入ADAMS中进行运动学仿真,得到收获时茎秆受力和摆动程度的仿真结果并进行正交组合分析,仿真和分析结果表明:割台正常工作最优参数的组合是拉茎辊转速800 r/min、机器的行驶速度2.12 km/h、拉茎间隙10 mm、拉茎辊的倾角20°,同时往复切割刀的切割速度2 m/s时茎秆的受力最小,通过田间试验发现整个收获过程籽粒损失率≤3%,喂入输送绞龙的茎秆较短,收获可靠性较好,结果表明该割台适合油葵的机械化收获。     

The effect of salinity on corn yield using the CERES-maize model

In most cases, when calculating soil water availability, only thewater content is considered. The effect of salinity on the wiltingpoint is neglected. The objective of this work is to use asimulation model (CERES-maize) in order to predict cornyields as a function of water salinity under severalenvironmental, agrotechnical, and plant characteristics. A modelis presented in which the wilting point is a function of the soilsalt content. At high salinity, the water content at wilting pointis higher than at low salinity, resulting in an insufficient amountof available water and, therefore, a reduced yield. The modelwas used to simulate several theoretical and experimentalsituations for forage corn and grain corn. Simulation resultsshowed that nitrogen fertilization increases the salinity thresholdvalue and the yield sensitivity (rate of yield reduction per unitof salinity). The also showed that forage corn is more sensitiveto salinity than grain corn. If the soil is not leached, a heaviersoil texture has a higher salinity threshold value. On the otherhand, if the soil is leached, the soil texture has no influence onthe salinity threshold value and the yield is less sensitive tosalinity in sandy soils. The determination coefficient (r²= 0.75) indicated that the results of the simulations were in goodagreement with the field data.     

Effects of alternative water distribution rules on irrigation system performance: a simulation analysis

Based on a simulation model reflecting physical and economic conditions typically found in rice irrigation systems in Asia, the irrigation performance implications of alternative water distribution rules for dry season irrigation are evaluated under varying degrees of water shortage. The rules examined reflect differing water distribution strategies designed either to maximize conveyance efficiency, economic efficiency, or equity; or to achieve a balance between efficiency and equity objectives. Irrigation performance is evaluated using several efficiency measures reflecting the physical, agronomic and economic productivity of water, and one measure of equity. Economic efficiency and equity among farmers within the portion of the irrigation system that is on in any given season are shown to be complementary, and not competing objectives. Economic efficiency and equity among all farmers within the command area of the irrigation system are largely complementary strategies at the lower levels of water shortage, but with increasing shortage, significant tradeoffs develop between these objectives. An operational rule for water distribution under a goal of maximizing economic efficiency is developed, and the data requirements for its implementation are shown to be modest. Under the model's assumed conditions of dry season rice production dependent solely on surface irrigation for water, the distribution strategy designed to maximize conveyance efficiency results in only modestly lower levels of economic efficiency and equity than could be achieved by the strategy designed to maximize economic efficiency.     

Changing technology for training irrigation managers

This article describes developments in microcomputer and video-disc technology which may be used in the training of managers for irrigation projects.