抓住机遇依托优势促进院县共建又好又快发展

随着2007年"中央一号"文件的下发,明确了农业的弱势地位和基础地位,强调要用现代物质条件装备农业、用现代科学技术改造农业、用现代产业体系提升农业、用现代经营形式推进农业、用现代发展理念引领农业、用培养新型农民发展农业.而"院县"共建这个曾经为黑龙江农业振兴取得骄人成绩的载体,在新的政策环境下,必须走科技化,大推广之路,实现品牌化建设,以便为黑龙江农民增收,农业增效,农村经济的振兴而发力.     

Assessing spillover from marine protected areas and its drivers: A meta‐analytical approach

Overfishing may seriously impact fish populations and ecosystems. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are key tools for biodiversity conservation and fisheries management, yet the fisheries benefits remain debateable. Many MPAs include a fully protected area (FPA), restricting all activities, within a partially protected area (PPA) where potentially sustainable activities are permitted. An effective tool for biodiversity conservation, FPAs, can sustain local fisheries via spillover, that is the outward export of individuals from FPAs. Spillover refers to both: “ecological spillover”: outward net emigration of juveniles, subadults and/or adults from the FPA; and “fishery spillover”: the fraction of ecological spillover that directly benefits fishery yields and revenues through fishable biomass. Yet, how common is spillover remains controversial. We present a meta‐analysis of a unique global database covering 23 FPAs worldwide, using published literature and purposely collected field data, to assess the capacity of FPAs to export biomass and whether this response was mediated by specific FPA features (e.g. size, age) or species characteristics (e.g. mobility, economic value). Results show fish biomass and abundance outside FPAs was higher: (a) in locations close to FPA borders (<200 m) than further away (>200 m); (b) for species with a high commercial value; and (c) in the presence of PPA surrounding the FPA. Spillover was slightly higher in FPAs that were larger and older and for more mobile species. Based on the broadest data set compiled to date on marine species ecological spillover beyond FPAs' borders, our work highlights elements that could guide strategies to enhance local fishery management using MPAs.     

细鳞鱼的生物学特性及其在华北分布范围的变化

本文报导了细鳞鱼(Braochymystax lenokP.)的形态构造、食性及其生态环境。调查了华北地区细鳞鱼分布变化情况,并阐明由于生态环境等因素的变化是引起该种在华北地区分布范围缩小的原因,同时提出保护细鳞鱼资资源的措施。     

异齿裂腹鱼人工规模化繁殖技术研究

2010年4～6月,对野生异齿裂腹鱼(Schizothorax o' connori)人工规模化繁殖技术进行研究,并初步进行产后亲鱼恢复培养技术研究.对108尾雌鱼进行干法人工授精,共采卵104万多粒,孵出仔鱼62万多尾.其中45尾雌亲鱼自然成熟,共采卵46.8万多粒,平均受精率和孵化率低于人工催产雌鱼卵.人工催产83...     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

农业灌溉节水潜力及回归水利用研究进展

目前,对农业灌溉节水潜力尚未形成一个统一、公认的概念,相应的评价和计算体系也没有很好地建立起来.对农业灌溉节水潜力方面的研究成果进行了全面的回顾总结,提出了存在的问题和以后研究的重点.指出不同尺度回归水重复利用的量化是合理计算真实节水潜力的关键.最后,对回归水重复利用研究计算方法进行了归纳总结,提出了考虑回归水重复利用率的灌溉节水潜力评价思路.     

Scale stocking checks to differentiate between hatchery-reared and wild mulloway Argyrosomus japonicus

Abstract  Scales from hatchery-reared, stocked and wild mulloway Argyrosomus japonicus (Temminck and Schlegel) captured in the Georges River, and a library of mulloway scales from coastal New South Wales, were examined for the presence of scale checks. Checks specific for hatchery-reared fish were present in 100% of recaptured hatchery-reared mulloway; the origin of which was confirmed by the presence of a chemical mark in the otolith or fin spine. Up to 7% of wild mulloway were incorrectly classified as hatchery-reared on the basis of these checks. An abrupt reduction in salinity from 35 to 5 and 6 days starvation successfully induced checks in the scales of hatchery-reared mulloway. The marking efficiency for stocking checks was comparable to that obtained using oxytetracycline hydrochloride, and supports the short-term use of scale stocking checks to evaluate mulloway stock enhancement programmes in Australia.     

基于适宜尺度选择的冬小麦赤霉病遥感监测

为快速、准确获取江淮麦区县域冬小麦赤霉病发生信息,选用中、高空间分辨率卫星遥感影像做多尺度信息融合研究。在筛选适宜冬小麦田块分布特征的空间尺度遥感影像基础上,通过分析冬小麦长势指标和赤霉病病情指数之间的互作关系,构建基于多农学参数的冬小麦赤霉病估测模型,并对县域冬小麦赤霉病空间变化进行遥感监测。结果表明:(1)2m×2m、8m×8m和16m×16m三种空间尺度融合影像的均值相差不大,平均梯度和标准差存在明显差异。16m×16m融合影像的清晰度最好,信息量也多,比较适合研究区域冬小麦田块分布特征。(2)16m×16m融合影像提取的归一化植被指数(NDVI)和比值植被指数(RVI)值明显高于2m×2m和8m×8m融合影像,说明16m×16m融合影像光谱信息量较丰富,有利于冬小麦的识别。(3)冬小麦叶面积指数、叶片叶绿素含量和地上部生物量是影响赤霉病发生的主要长势指标。基于主要长势指标构建冬小麦赤霉病估测模型,平方根误差(REMS)为10.5%,相对误差为14.6%。该方法可以实现对县域冬小麦赤霉病空间变化的有效监测。     

南方旱地作物栽培模式及发展趋势

该文介绍了20世纪80年代以来,我国南方旱地主要作物栽培模式的演变形式,不同栽培模式的技术要点。根据现代农业发展的迫切需求、中国农村劳动力严重缺乏等现状,解析了当前农村土地流转的实际形式以及取得的部分成绩,展望了南方旱地农业,农村产业发展的方向。为南方旱地农业的发展提供借鉴。     

红椿天然种群分布格局尺度研究

为研究濒危物种红椿(Toona ciliata Roem.)的种群分布格局,在谷城南河流域对发现的仅有两个红椿种群(T1,T2),以相邻格子法设置5 m×5 m、3 m×3 m的样方,精确到1 m格子.通过 χ2检验、Cx的t检验、Morisita Iδ的F检验,对种群分布格局进行判断是否符合泊松分布.结果表明,T1种群在5 m×5 m、3 m×3 m样方尺度下,Cx和Iδ均为泊松分布,5 m×5 m尺度 χ2检验为集群分布,3 m×3 m尺度为Poisosn分布;干扰种群T2种群密度较大,3种检验均为集群分布.因此,分布格局满足 χ2检验的泊松分布,样方设置应注重尺度和数量;df越大,理论值与观测值更可能越接近正态分布,种群分布格局的检验更加真实可信.