我国北方粮食仓库建设与使用情况调查报告

对我国北方５省的９个国家粮食储备库的仓库建设与使用情况作了调查重点调查了浅圆仓和高大房式仓的建设和使用情况。同时,也了解了立筒仓、土堤仓、地下喇叭仓、苏式仓和露天垛的建设与使用情况。对储备粮管理及其它有关仓库建设的问题进行了探讨。     

普×爆F2代膨爆特性的分离特征研究

对两个普×爆组合F2代群体膨爆特性的分析结果表明，F2代膨爆特性较差，采用常规系谱法从中选育出优良爆裂玉米自交系的机率较小；膨爆特性可能是由主效基因存在的多基因控制的数量性状；各性状间多呈显著或极显著正相关，膨化体积对膨化倍数的直接正向作用最大，百粒重的直接负向作用最大，穗粒重和爆花率主要通过膨化体积起正向间接作用。     

不揭膜谷物冷却降温试验

运用谷物冷却技术，是确保粮食低温储藏的有效方法。我库在夏季采取不揭膜的方式，对高大平房仓内的粮食进行复冷降温和经济运行试验，效果显著，为粮食低温储藏和安全度夏提供了有力保证。     

孜然套种糯玉米间毛豆高效栽培技术

孜然芹．糯玉米．毛豆三种作物在一个生产年度内在同一田块上种植,能显著提高光合产量,土地利用率和经济效益。本文主要对孜然套糯玉米再间作毛豆的栽培技术和生产环节进行了详细阐述,并提出了一些高效的耕作和管理思想,以期为生产户服务。     

Maize harvest index and water use efficiency can be improved by inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis

Possibilities to improve maize harvest index and nutrient utilization efficiency by application of plant growth regulators were investigated. In container experiments, the effects of different growth regulators on the development of the maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars Pioneer 3906 and Fabregas were tested. Paclobutrazol (PAC) and chlorocholine chloride (CCC), two inhibitors of gibberellin biosynthesis, as well as gibberellic acid (GA₃) were applied at growth stage V5. Three weeks after application of PAC, shoot growth of both maize cultivars was strongly affected with a significant decrease in plant height in the PAC treatment by 44% and 36% for Pioneer 3906 and Fabregas, respectively. The growth‐retarded plants had higher leaf areas and reduced transpiration rates. The higher shoot growth after GA₃ application was accompanied by a reduction in leaf area and an increase in transpiration rate during 1 week before anthesis. CCC treatment showed no significant effects on plant height, leaf area and transpiration rate. The PAC‐treated cultivar Pioneer 3906 produced several cobs per plant, which were mainly barren at maturity. However, PAC application to Fabregas resulted in just one cob per plant with good kernel development and a grain yield, which was not significantly reduced in comparison with the control. With this similar grain yield in combination with a straw yield decrease of 32%, the harvest index was significantly improved by 12%. In addition, with PAC‐treated Fabregas plants, a 19% increased water use efficiency of the grain (WUE_grain) during the critical period of kernel setting was achieved. In this maize cultivar, CCC application also improved harvest index by 5%, but no effect on WUE_grain occurred. GA₃ treatment decreased harvest index of both maize cultivars, and it either reduced WUE_grain (Pioneer 3906) or showed no effect (Fabregas). Utilization efficiencies of N, P and K were not increased with growth regulator application, even in the PAC‐treated Fabregas plants with a significantly improved allocation of assimilates to the grain, mirrored by the higher harvest index. The results indicate that fertilizer applications must be adjusted to the reduced demand of growth‐retarded plants, most likely leading to higher nutrient utilization efficiencies.     

不同生育期脱水对稻米镉含量的影响

为进一步探究水分管理对稻米镉含量的影响,以6 个早稻品种、4 个晚稻品种为研究材料,通过盆栽试验研究了不同生育期脱水（分蘖期脱水,T1;孕穗期脱水,T2;抽穗期脱水,T3;乳熟期脱水,T4;蜡熟期脱水,T5;全生育期淹水,CK）对稻米镉含量的影响。结果表明：脱水处理、品种及二者交互效应对稻米镉含量的影响均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01),不同处理间精米镉含量的大小顺序为T3＞T1＞T2＞T4＞T5＞CK,W2（‘C两优7 号’）、W12（‘湘晚籼13 号’）、W8（‘金优59’）3 个品种的耐镉特性及稳定性较好,适合一般污染区大面积种植。精米镉含量在水稻品种类型之间存在极显著差异(P＜0.01),其含量由高到低为超级杂交稻、常规稻、杂交稻;生育类型不存在主效应。     

白银市玉米春霜冻害精细化风险评估

基于玉米春霜冻害等级指标,建立地温与气温间的统计关系,拟合乡镇地温资料,进而对白银市玉米春霜冻致灾因子开展精细化风险评估。结果表明：春季白银市霜冻出现越晚,则霜冻强度越强,造成作物的受灾程度也越严重;研究期内地温与气温、区域站与本站温度之间相关性显著,拟合出乡镇地温资料可靠性较高;从各等级霜冻强度分布看,景泰西北部始终存在高值区,中部的白银、靖远海拔相对较低,加之地形因素,霜冻强度较弱。从概率分布看,会宁和景泰春季轻霜冻害发生概率较高,白银区和平川区主要以中霜冻害为主,而靖远重霜冻害出现概率较高。从风险指数看,白银市春霜冻害的高风险区主要在景泰西部和白银区,风险指数超过了0.32,会宁中北部相对较低,大部分乡镇风险指数在0.2左右。     

超甜玉米自交系主要农艺性状与鲜穗产量的相关及通径分析

为了研究影响超甜玉米鲜穗产量和主要农艺性状间的主次关系。对20个超甜玉米自交系的11个农艺性状与鲜穗产量进行相关及通径分析。相关分析表明,鲜穗产量与穗长、行粒数、穗粗、百粒质量、穗行数呈极显著正相关,与出籽率呈显著正相关,与秃尖长呈极显著负相关。进一步进行通径分析表明,各性状对鲜穗产量的相对重要性依次为穗长、穗行数、百粒质量、穗粗、行粒数、出籽率和秃尖长。因此,增加穗长、穗行数,提高百粒质量和出籽率,并兼顾其他性状是提高超甜玉米自交系鲜穗产量的有效途径。     

传统平房仓技术改造双低储粮试验

通过在传统平房仓实施保温、密闭和制冷技术改造的同时,对仓内存储的成品粮实施绿色低氧保管。解决了成品粮易变质、难度夏的保管难题,确保储粮安全。     

TFSQ型高效环保组合式粮食杂质清理筛的研制

通过对振动筛理、垂直风选、旋风分离与沉降系统的研究,研制出集振动筛理、风选、旋风分离沉降、含尘气流循环再利用为一体的TFSQ型高效环保组合式粮食杂质清理筛。经应用测试和专家鉴定:该设备具有清理效率高、清理过程粉尘污染小,使用维护方便、可靠性强等优点,具有广阔的市场推广前景。