A field study of the association between periodontal disease and body condition in sheep

Three farms with a high prevalence of periodontal disease (PD) were selected using data from a December 1983/January 1984 survey. On each of these farms in August 1984, the incisor condition and body condition score of about 50 ewes were noted. Two of the farms and an additional farm with a high prevalence of PD were visited again in August 1985, and on each, incisor condition and body weights of about 150 ewes were recorded.

On one farm only was there a significant association between PD and body condition or weight, and it occurred in both years.     

Development of a monoclonal antibody against deoxynivalenol for magnetic nanoparticle-based extraction and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Monoclonal antibody (mAb, NVRQS-DON) against deoxynivalenol (DON) was prepared. DON-Ag coated enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and DON-Ab coated ELISA were prepared by coating the DON-BSA and DON mAb. Quantitative DON calculation ranged from 50 to 4,000 ng/mL for DON-Ab coated ELISA and from 25 to 500 ng/mL for DON-Ag coated ELISA. 50% of inhibitory concentration values of DON, HT-2, 15-acetyl-DON, and nivalenol were 23.44, 22,545, 5,518 and 5,976 ng/mL based on the DON-Ab coated ELISA. Cross-reactivity levels of the mAb to HT-2, 15-acetyl-DON, and nivalenol were 0.1, 0.42, and 0.40%. The intra- and interassay precision coefficient variation (CV) were both <10%. In the mAb-coated ELISA, mean DON recovery rates in animal feed (0 to 1,000 µg/kg) ranged from 68.34 to 95.49% (CV; 4.10 to 13.38%). DON in a buffer solution (250, 500 and 1,000 ng/mL) was isolated using 300 µg of NVRQS-DON and 3 mg of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The mean recovery rates of DON using this mAb-MNP system were 75.2, 96.9, and 88.1% in a buffer solution spiked with DON (250, 500, and 1,000 ng/mL). Conclusively we developed competitive ELISAs for detecting DON in animal feed and created a new tool for DON extraction using mAb-coupled MNPs.     

Impregnated wooden claddings and the influence of nanoparticles on the weathering performance

Abstract

This work was an investigation of the effect of nanoparticles on the durability of wood specimens exposed to artificial weathering. TiO₂ and clay nanoparticles were mixed with preservative (Wolmanit CX-8) for improving the durability of Norway spruce (Picea abies). Impregnated and untreated specimens were subjected to Atlas Solar Simulator accelerated ageing test chamber for solar radiation and water spray exposure. The effectiveness of the treatment against colour and chemical changes was investigated using CIEL*a*b* colour measurements system and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The present study showed that the wood specimens that had been treated with preservatives containing nanoparticles were slightly more stable against artificial ageing than both untreated specimens and specimens treated with preservative alone.     

三向位移作用下面板堆石坝周边缝“W”型铜止水变形特性研究

为提高面板堆石坝周边缝的防渗性能、探究“W”型铜止水的变形规律,采用自制的加载平台,对“W”型铜止水分别进行了不同张开、沉降位移下的剪切试验,拟合得到了铜止水变形量与剪切失效位移间的关系式,揭示了施加张开、沉降位移越大铜止水越早出现屈曲失稳现象的基本变形规律;同时结合有限元分析深入探讨了铜止水在不同位移下的变形特点,研究了止水结构长度对铜止水剪切失效位移的影响,得出在张开位移和沉降位移较小时铜止水鼻子折曲长度越长铜止水适应变形能力越强的结论。     

铜处理对菠菜幼苗体内氧化应激反应和矿质元素吸收的影响

【目的】研究不同浓度Cu处理对菠菜幼苗氧化应激反应、矿质营养吸收的影响,分析菠菜的耐Cu机理,为筛选强耐Cu性植物提供理论依据。【方法】以菠菜幼苗为材料,设置6组Cu处理浓度,处理7 d后,采样测试植物生物量、抗氧化物酶活性、大量元素和微量元素含量等指标的影响。【结果】低浓度Cu处理(50 mg/kg Cu浓度)时,菠菜幼苗体内Cu含量增加,但是并没有对植物的生长生理活动造成影响,主要表现为植物生物量显著增加,叶部K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Ni元素含量,以及根部N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Mo、Ni含量均达到最大值,其原因可能是植物能够主动提升自身抗氧化能力(SOD、APX活性和脯氨酸含量增加),将膜质过氧化伤害降至最低,避免Cu²⁺积累对植物产生的伤害。而高浓度Cu胁迫(1 000 mg/kg Cu浓度)时,菠菜幼苗体内的Cu含量增至最大值,SOD、CAT活性虽有增加但是也无法抵御高浓度Cu对膜质过氧化的严重伤害,幼苗叶部的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Mo、Ni含量,以及根部P、K、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Mo、Ni含量显著下降,生物量降至最低,高浓度Cu胁迫已超过了植物抵御胁迫伤害的能力,严重抑制了植物生长和矿质元素吸收。【结论】菠菜幼苗能够表现出较强的耐Cu性,将其作为Cu污染土壤修复的备选植物。     

铜对土壤脲酶活性特征的影响

铜是土壤中的"双重元素",为了从土壤酶角度探讨其生态毒理,采用模拟方法较为系统地研究了铜对土壤脲酶活性及酶促反应参数的影响。结果表明,(1)土壤肥力水平越高,脲酶活性越大,铜的加入导致土壤脲酶活性降低越大,除5号土样外,铜的质量浓度与土壤脲酶活性达显著或极显著负相关,表明土壤脲酶活性可作为土壤铜污染程度的监测指标之一;供试土壤铜轻微和严重污染时,铜质量浓度分别为94.00~151.75和470.40~759.28mg/kg;尿素浓度对土壤生态剂量值影响不大,生态剂量总体呈现土娄土大于红壤。(2)除4号土样外,土壤脲酶最大反应速度(Vmax)、最大反应速度/米氏常数(Vmax/Km)和反应速度常数(k)值,随铜质量浓度的增加呈显著或极显著降低,Km值则略有增加,说明铜对土壤脲酶的作用机理为混合型抑制,其中包含微弱的竞争性抑制,但以非竞争性抑制为主。可见,土壤脲酶及其参数在一定程度可表示土壤铜的污染程度。     

尉迟寺遗址文化层铅的地球化学特征及原始冶金文明矿料示踪

古遗址土壤形成物是研究古代人类活动的重要载体。通过对安徽蒙城尉迟寺遗址YC1剖面中Pb、Al等金属元素的分析,研究了Pb在5050cal a BP～4000cal a BP间剖面中的富集特征。结果表明,尉迟寺遗址文化层剖面中的铅富集系数变化范围为1·0～1·8左右,富集程度不是很高。但是随着时间的推移,从大汶口文化到龙山文化,Pb的富集系数有明显逐步上升的趋势,表明遗址剖面中的Pb很可能与原始社会中期发展起来的冶金活动有关。5050～4000cal a BP间,中国先后经历了石器时代、铜石并用时代,到最后进入青铜时代,这个过程中铜资源利用越来越多导致产生的大气粉尘铅越来越多,很可能是YC1剖面中Pb富集系数逐步增长的主要原因。此外,铅同位素结果表明,土壤206Pb/204Pb比值分布在18·3～19·8之间,平均为18·82;207Pb/204Pb比值分布在15·3～16·5之间,平均为15·76;208Pb/204Pb比值分布在38·0～41·0之间,平均为39·04。铅同位素示踪表明,土壤中的铅的来源自5050calaBP至4000calaBP有越来越广的趋势,并且很可能与出自中国南方地区的矿料有关,包括云南、四川、湖北、湖南或广东地区的矿料。     

Changes in the concentration of avenanthramides in response to salinity stress in CBF3 transgenic oat

Oat avenanthramides have long been known to possess potential nutraceutical and therapeutical properties. The change in avenanthramides 2p, 2c and 2f concentration in four salinity tolerant transgenic oat plants containing CBF₃ gene and non-transgenic control exposed to different levels of salinity stress was investigated. Determination of oat avenanthramides at the nano-scale level was performed using a well-optimized and highly sensitive sequential injection chemiluminescence (SIA-CL) method enhanced by eco-friendly gold nanoparticles biosynthesized from oat biomass extract. Under the conditions of this study, the predominant avenanthramide, which also exhibited the strongest scavenging capacity, was 2c followed by 2p and 2f. At no stress, there was no significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference between the transgenic lines and control regarding the concentrations of the three determined avenanthramides. After exposure to 250 mmol L⁻¹ NaCl, avenanthramide 2c dramatically increased by 170.9%, 580%, 353.6%, 457.6% and 229.1% in the control and the four transgenic lines, respectively. Among the transgenic lines, Agrogle-1 maintained the highest avenanthramides concentration under all salinity levels with maximum values of 71.5 mg kg⁻¹ for 2p, 221.0 mg kg⁻¹ for 2c and 62.0 mg kg⁻¹ for 2f detected at 250 mmol L⁻¹NaCl. The results of this study demonstrated that oat avenanthramides might have a potential role in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in oats.     

鱼蛋白多肽对铜胁迫下彩椒幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

为探讨鱼蛋白多肽对铜胁迫下彩椒幼苗生长的缓解作用,以彩椒品种花仙子幼苗为试材,研究了不同质量浓度(0、1、3、5、7 g/L)鱼蛋白多肽溶液对铜胁迫(150 mg/L)下彩椒幼苗生长及生理的影响。结果表明:铜胁迫下彩椒幼苗的生长明显受到抑制,而叶面施用适宜质量浓度的鱼蛋白多肽溶液后,彩椒幼苗的株高、茎粗、地上部和地下部干鲜质量、抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)]活性总体上显著提高,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低,其中以5 g/L的鱼蛋白多肽溶液处理效果最佳。说明鱼蛋白多肽能有效缓解铜胁迫对彩椒幼苗生长的抑制作用,提高其抗铜胁迫能力。     

改良营养液对大棚酸性土壤交换性钙镁和有效态铜锰锌铁的影响

研究施用酸性土壤改良营养液后大棚酸性土壤交换性钙、镁和有效态铜、锰、锌、铁含量的变化趋势。依照有关标准和土壤农化分析方法,测试了不同月份土壤pH值、交换性钙、镁和有效态铜、锰、锌、铁含量。结果表明:与对照区相比,酸性土壤改良营养液能有效提高试验区土壤pH值;随着改良液施用时间延长,试验区土壤交换性钙、镁和有效铁含量呈上升趋势;试验区土壤有效锌、铜、锰含量呈降低趋势。