Establishment of Efficient Regeneration System of Populus×euramericana cl.‘Bofeng’

Compared with the species of Leuce section,the difficulty in plant regeneration during tissue culture for the species of Aigeiros section is a key limiting factor for their application in genetic engineering of forest trees.In this study,the plant growth regulators combination,copper concentration,light intensity,and the selection pressures of kanamycin were investigated using leaves of Populus×euramericana cl.’Bofeng’ as explants,and a stable and high efficient regeneration system was established.Using this system,both the shoot regeneration rate and rooting rate were up to 100%,and the average number of differentiated shoots in each leaf explant was up to 20,and the survival rate of seedlings reached 98%.The optimal selection pressure of kanamycin in shoot inducement for leaf-explant was 40 mg·L^-1,and the optimal selection pressure of kanamycin in root inducement of adventitious bud was 20 mg·L^-1.The authors also found that differentiation rate of adventitious buds of P.×euramericana cl.’Bofeng’ could be significantly promoted by increased copper concentration,and this is the first report about the key role of copper（Cu） in explant regeneration of Poplars.This regeneration system with high frequency which was established by the authors was as good as that of species of Leuce section,and it provides a good technological platform for genetic engineering of forest tree which uses the species of Aigeiros section as model materials.     

The Distribution of Soluble Copper- and Zinc-Binding Proteins in Liver and Kidney of Chronic Copper-Poisoned Goats

The distribution of copper and zinc among the soluble proteins in the liver and kidney from chronic copper-poisoned goats was examined after gel filtration of the proteins. The concentrations of copper in the liver and kidney cortex from five experimentally copper-poisoned goats were: 550–810 µg/g liver and 190–420 µg/g kidney cortex (wet weight). In general the copper-binding proteins from, both the liver and kidney samples were separated into two different fractions with approximate molecular weights (m.w.) of > 65,000 and 10,000, respectively. From the liver samples, varying amounts of copper were eluted in a fourth fraction with m.w. < 2,000. In the majority of kidney samples the dominating copper-binding protein fraction was the high molecular weight fraction. Absolute amounts of copper recovered in the metallothionein-like protein fraction were nearly the samt for all samples investigated. The distribution of zinc-binding proteins in both liver and kidney samples was nearly the same. The high molecular weight fraction dominated, and no zinc was bound to metallothionein-like proteins.     

高铜对雏鸡器官组织病理损害的研究

将420只1日龄艾维菌健雏，随机分为7组，分别饲以含铜量11mg／kg的基础日粮和含铜量分别为100、200、300、400、500和600mg／kg的6种高铜日粮6周，研究高铜对雏鸡的病理损害。结果显示，日粮含铜100和200mg／kg对雏鸡有促生长作用。日粮铜水平达300mg／kg以上时，对雏鸡器官组织造成不同程度的病理损伤，表现为肌胃角质层增厚呈黄褐色；肝呈浅黄色或深褐色，肝细胞脂肪变性；消化道上皮细胞变性坏死；免疫器官和肾、心脏、胰腺、大脑等器官的实质细胞肿胀；淋巴免疫器官体积缩小，淋巴细胞数量减少。超微结构观察发现，肝细胞胞浆和胞核内见有数量不等、大小不一的高电子密度的沉积物；凋亡的淋巴细胞染色质呈花瓣样、半月形或环形，聚集在核膜下。表明，肝、消化道和免疫器官是高铜损害的主要靶器官。     

铜在奶牛生产中的应用及存在问题

本文就铜的生物学效应和生理功能,奶牛对铜的需要量、耐受量和中毒量等进行阐述。     

铜的来源和水平对生长猪生长性能禾粪铜排出量的影响

选用平均体重29．6kg的三元杂（杜×大×长）生长猪144头，按随机区组设计分为6个处理。饲粮中分别添加0、100、200mg／kg硫酸铜、200mg／kg碱式氯化铜、100mg／kg小肽铜、100mg／kg复合氨基酸螯合铜（以铜含量计）。结果表明：100mg／kg小肽铜和100mg／kg复合氨基酸螯合铜均能有效提高生长猪日增重和日采食量，其促生长效果与200mg／kg硫酸铜无显著（P〉0．05）差异，而粪中铜含量分别下降了36．8％和48．4％（P〈0．05）。     

培养液中铜水平对PK15细胞内铜离子浓度与CuZn-SOD活性的影响

在 PK15细胞无血清液体培养基中添加 0、7.8、15 .6、31.2、6 2 .5 μmol/L Cu,观察了培养液中不同铜水平对PK15细胞内铜离子浓度和 Cu Zn- SOD活性的影响及二者的相关性。结果表明 ,PK15细胞内铜离子浓度及 Cu Zn-SOD活性均随培养液中添加铜离子浓度升高和培养时间的延长而有不同程度的升高 ,其中以添加 Cu31.2 μmol/L组最高 (P<0 .0 5 )。PK15细胞内 Cu Zn- SOD活性与细胞内铜离子浓度和培养时间呈强正相关 (培养时间 :r=0 .873～0 .980 ,P<0 .0 5 ;铜离子浓度 :r=0 .90 0～ 0 .972 ,P<0 .0 5 )     

CdS纳米颗粒的合成、表面修饰及光学特性研究

用一步室温固相化学反应法合成CdS纳米颗粒，并以氨催化水解法对其表面进行了修饰，得到了具有CdS／SiO2核／壳结构的纳米微球，以透射电子显微镜和X-射线衍射仪对其结构和物相进行了表征，并研究了其光致发射光谱的性质，研究结果表明：固相反应完全，产物为纯相CdS，室温固相化学反应法避免了传统湿法存在的团聚现象的缺点，具有产率高、无污染、节能等优点；而且CdS纳米颗粒表面经SiO2修饰后，其带边发射显增强，缺陷发射减弱，且在一定范围内随着SiO2包覆层厚度的增加，荧光强度增加。     

Liver biopsy techniques for adult horses and neonatal foals to assess copper status

Objective To evaluate standing, percutaneous, ultrasound-guided, transthoracic liver biopsy in mares, and transabdominal, laparoscopically-guided, liver biopsy under general anaesthesia in foals, as techniques for obtaining tissue for assessment of copper status. The techniques were evaluated with respect to ease of use and effect on the animal.
Procedure Twenty of 24 Thoroughbred mares and 21 of their foals were biopsied. The animals were part of a larger study of the effect of copper supplementation on copper status and the prevalence of developmental orthopaedic disease. Livers were also collected from unrelated horses and sampled to investigate the variability in the distribution of copper in liver tissue.
Result The biopsy technique caused no lasting effect on the mares, but there was an increased risk of viscus penetration associated with taking multiple biopsy cores. The use of ultrasonography to scan the target area for the liver identified four cases that were not appropriate candidates for liver biopsy, because of large intestine being located in the biopsy area. In the foals there were no serious postoperative adverse effects, nor was there any evidence of problems caused by the procedure when the abdomen was examined post-mortem at 5 months of age. In livers collected to investigate the variability of copper concentration, copper appeared to be relatively evenly distributed through the liver.
Conclusion Standing, percutaneous, ultrasound-guided, transthoracic liver biopsy in mares, and transabdominal, laparoscopically-guided, liver biopsy under general anaesthesia in foals are convenient procedures for obtaining liver tissue for assessing copper status in horses. The use of ultrasound to identify liver tissue is recommended, especially in older mares.     

松针叶绿素与脂溶性复合物的提取

采用置换反应将松针中含镁叶绿素转变成水溶性叶绿素铜钠，用低浓度乙醇浸提并分离脂溶性部分，得到叶绿素铜钠速淀粉，其１％水溶液ｐＨ值为８－９，６００倍稀释呈翠绿色，产品获得率为松针干粉的８％－１０％，同时获得脂溶性复合物，其主要成分为ＶＥ。     

Fixation Property of Copper Triazole Wood Preservatives

According to AWPA E11-2006 standard,copper fixation rates of several copper-based formulations,such as ammoniacal copper,amine copper,and ammoniacal-ethanolamine copper,as well as alkaline copper quaternary(ACQ),were tested and compared in this paper.And the fixation rates of tebuconazole(TEB) and propiconazole(PPZ) in several formulations,such as copper azole,emulsified type and solvent type,were also compared.The determination of copper content in the leachate was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrom...