母婴间铁锌铜代谢关系的研究

同步检测了１２６例对正常产妇及其产生儿，采用原子吸收分光光度法测定血清和红细胞铁、锌、铜含量并用放射免疫法测定血清和红细胞铁。结果：（１）血清铁蛋白≥１４μｇ／Ｌ的产妇，其婴儿脐血清铁蛋白高于母亲血清蛋白〈１４μｇ／Ｌ的婴儿，但两组婴儿的血红蛋白，血清铁，红细胞的及红细胞铁蛋白含量相近。（２）婴儿脐血清锌高于母血，而红细胞锌则低于母血；（３）婴儿脐血清铜显著低于母血，而红细胞铅则高于母血。     

含氮纤维素的制备及其对铬离子和铜离子的去除试验

探讨了以稻壳为骨架材料制备含氮纤维的方法及其对重金属离子Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）和Ｃｕ￣（２＋）的去除条件、吸附容量及再生情况．结果表明：制备的这种含氮纤维素对Ｃｒ（Ⅵ），Ｃｕ￣（２＋）等高子有很好的吸附能力．当ｐＨ＝２．５时，对Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的动态饱和吸附容量为３４．２１７ｍｇ／ｇ（干基）；ｐＨ＝６时，对Ｃｕ￣（２＋）的吸附容量为１０．６１１ｍｇ／ｇ（干基）．分别用１０％的氢氧化钠和５％的氨水溶液洗脱可以再生，它是一种较为新型、高效、价廉的重金属离子吸附剂．     

铜矿区重金属污染分异规律初步研究

针对江西德兴铜矿、安徽铜陵铜矿和江苏九华铜矿的矿区典型污染土壤现状进行了初步研究,分析了铜矿区环境现状,提出了一些可能对策的建议。研究发现,3个矿区典型污染土壤各自表现出不同的污染状况。三个铜矿尾矿砂中铜含量超标,其高低次序为德兴铜矿>铜陵铜矿>九华铜矿,而锌含量顺序依次为铜陵铜矿>九华铜矿>德兴铜矿。矿区周围土壤以铜污染为主,锌有部分超标情况发生。同时,在矿区典型土壤生长的作物中,铜、铅、锌、镉都有超标的情况,部分作物重金属含量超过食品卫生标准达10—20倍之多。被调查的多种植物中也存在重金属含量过高的结果。     

铜胁迫对苜蓿中华根瘤菌抗氧化酶系的影响

探讨铜胁迫对苜蓿中华根瘤菌抗氧化酶系的影响,揭示苜蓿中华根瘤菌对铜的生理抗性机制。以铜抗性菌株Sinorhizobium meliloti CCNWSX0020和铜敏感性S.meliloti CCNWSX0018为材料,测定其对铜的最小抑制浓度（MIC）和最大耐受浓度（MTC）及不同铜浓度对其抗氧化保护酶活性的变化。结果表明：（1）在YMA固体培养基上,S.meliloti CCNWSX0020和S.melilotiCCNWSX0018的MIC分别为0.5mmol·L^-1和0.2mmol·L^-1Cu^2＋,MTC分别为1.8mmol·L^-1和0.8mmol·L^-1Cu^2＋。（2）Cu^2＋浓度≤0.4mmol·L^-1时,S.meliloti CCNWSX0020菌体内的SOD、CAT和GPX活性变化不显著;S.meliloti CCNWSX0018菌体内的SOD、CAT和GPX活性显著升高;Cu^2＋浓度为0.6mmol·L^-1和0.8mmol·L^-1时,前者SOD、CAT和GPX活性显著升高,后者保护酶活性开始降低。随着Cu^2＋浓度升高,S.meliloti CCNWSX0020的GR活性增强,与对照相比,Cu^2＋浓度为0.8mmol·L^-1时GR活性提高了110.51%;而S.meliloti CCNWSX0018的GR活性则反之。（3）在Cu^2＋浓度≤0.8mmol·L^-1胁迫下,抗性菌株S.meliloti CCNWSX0020可通过提高SOD、CAT、GPX、GR的活性以降低Cu^2＋的毒害效应,为丰富根瘤菌抗铜机制提供了理论基础。     

鱼藤酮-壳聚糖接枝物农药纳米粒子水分散制剂研究

通过全天然产物蓖麻油酸酐(RAN)与羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC)的酰化反应,合成了羧甲基壳聚糖接技蓖麻油酸(CMC-g-RA)共聚物。探讨了原料的相对分子质量、 RAN与CMC分子上氨基的物质的量之比、反应温度和溶剂等因素对产物取代度的影响。以CMC-g-RA为载体,通过在中性水中自组装大分子胶束的增溶作用,与植物源农药鱼藤酮(Rot)一起制备了一种新型的农药纳米粒子水分散剂。对其粒径、粒径分布、表面电荷、形态结构和Rot的负载率等物理性能进行了表征,探讨了CMC-g-RA和Rot溶液的浓度对纳米粒子各相关性能的影响。结果表明:所形成的纳米粒子干燥后外观形态呈密实光滑的球状,粒径在200~500 nm之间,具有较窄的粒径分布,表面带负电荷;该纳米粒子的Zeta电位值随CMC-g-RA和Rot质量浓度的升高而增大,在-40~-70 mV之间;Rot的负载率在20%~68%范围内。研究表明,改变Rot和CMC-g-RA溶液的质量浓度配比,可调节纳米粒子的物理性能;控制农药的负载率,有助于调控该新型制剂速效与缓释之间的关系。     

Pathways of chemical recovery in acidified,metal-contaminated lakes near Sudbury,Ontario, Canada

This paper describes the recovery pathways of two lakes situated near the Coniston nickel-copper smelter. These lakes were exposed to very intense airborne pollution, including SO₂, H₂SO₄, Ni and Cu, during the 60 year operation of the smelter. After the closure of the Coniston smelter in 1972 and the subsequent improvement in air quality, the water quality in both lakes began to improve. Despite their proximity and exposure to similar inputs, the lakes differed both in the rate and magnitude of recovery. This study demonstrates the capacity of lakes to recover from chemical stresses over a very short period. Changes in Cu and Ni concentration could be predicted, while changes in pH, measured as H⁺, could not. The reasons for this discrepancy as well as the processes and lake parameters that control chemical recovery are discussed.     

石灰用量对污染红壤和黄泥土中有效态铜锌含量的影响

采用外源加入重金属铜锌硝酸盐的方法,制成铜、锌单一及复合污染的三级污染红壤和黄泥土（Cu 200mg/kg、Zn 400 mg/kg）,稳定一个月,施入低（0.50 g/kg）、中（1.50 g/kg）和高（2.50 g/kg）3种不同用量的石灰,稳定两个月后测定土壤有效态铜、锌含量和pH值,以阐明石灰用量对不同污染土壤中重金属有效态含量的影响。结果表明,随石灰用量的增加,复合污染红壤中有效态铜含量较对照依次降低31%、76%和87%;而石灰用量对黄泥土中有效态铜影响的差异不显著;两种土壤中有效态锌含量均随石灰用量的增加而显著减少;复合污染较单一污染相比,有效态铜及有效态锌的含量差异不显著。在复合污染下,低、中量石灰使黄泥土中有效态铜含量较红壤减少89%和63%,有效态锌减少27%和65%。但加入高量石灰,两种土壤差异不显著。石灰能够降低单一与复合污染铜、锌有效态的含量,但其效果因土壤类型而异,在红壤上选择施用高量石灰而在黄泥土上则适宜施用低中量石灰,以取得最佳的修复效果和效益。     

Revegetation of copper mine tailings with ryegrass and willow

To restore vegetation on metal mine tailings is very difficult because they often contain high concentrations of heavy metals, low nutrient content and low water retention capacity. This study involved 3 experiments that evaluated the effects of 4 treatment amendments: montmorillonite, rice straw, organic manure and chemical fertilizer on the growth of ryegrass (Loliurn perenne L.) and willow (Salix virninalis L.) with Cu and Zn mine tailings from two mining areas. The results showed that ryegrass was the most tolerant of 4 crops to Cu toxicity. Also when organic manure, which contained high concentrations of inorganic salts, was added to the mine tailings, it significantly hindered ryegrass growth (P=0.05).Meanwhile, with ryegrass organic manure significantly increased (P=0.05) the extractable Cu concentration in both mine tallings. When montmorillonite was used as a mine tailings amendment with willow, the height and tress number at the 1st cut were significantly greater (P = 0.05) than a control without montmorillonite. However there was no significant difference for height, tress number, dry weight or root dry weight at the 2nd cut. So, amendment applications to reduce metal toxicity and increase nutrients retention in mine tailings were essential during revegetation of mine tailings.     

Interactive effect between Cu‐adapted arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biotreated agrowaste residue to improve the nutritional status of Oenothera picensis growing in Cu‐polluted soils

The interactive effect of sugar beet (SB) agrowaste and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculation in response to increasing Cu levels was evaluated in the metallophyte Oenothera picensis. Plants were grown in a Cu‐added soil (0, 100, or 500 mg Cu kg^?1), in presence or absence of SB, and inoculated with: (1) indigenous Cu adapted mycorrhiza (IM) isolated from Cu‐polluted soils; (2) Claroideoglomus claroideum (CC); or (3) maintained uninoculated (control). Sugar beet application produced an increase in shoot biomass of 2 to 7 times, improving plant nutritional status and allowing their survival at the highest Cu concentrations. Moreover, AM fungi utilization had a positive effect promoting the plant establishment; nevertheless, Cu plant concentration as well as the mycorrhizal development in terms of AM colonization, AM spore density, and glomalin production were strictly dependent of the AM fungi strains used. Remarkable differences between AM fungi strains were observed at the highest soil Cu level where only plants colonized by IM were able to survive and grow when no SB residue was added. An interactive effect between AM fungi and SB produced a higher plant growth than plants without the amendment application, improving the plant establishment and allowing their survival at highest copper concentrations, suggesting that this combination could be used as a biotechnological tool for the phytoremediation of Cu‐polluted soils.     

饲料铜水平对生长猪血清铜、血清锌和血清铁的影响

选 60头生长白猪 ( 1 9.2 6± 1 .2 0 kg)随机分成 6组 ,每组公母各半 ,使用硫酸铜作为铜源 ,在饲料中添加不同浓度的铜 ,对照组铜添加浓度为 0 mg/kg,高铜试验各组添加浓度为 1 0 0、1 5 0、2 0 0、2 5 0和 30 0 mg/kg。试验期为 80 d,期间每隔 2 0 d采血一次 ,检测血清铜、血清铁和血清锌的含量。分析结果显示 :高铜饲料可明显提高血清铜含量 ,降低血清锌含量 ,但血清铁无显著性变化。第 2 0 d高铜各组平均血清铜比对照组提高 1 7.7% ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,第 40 d提高 2 0 .2 % ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,第 60 d提高 8.6% ( P>0 .0 5 ) ,第 80 d提高 31 .5 % ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,30 0 mg/kg高铜组与对照组比较差异显著 ( P<0 .0 5 )。血清锌第 2 0 d和 40 d,高铜各组平均比对照组降低 1 1 .6%和 1 0 .3%。