肉鸡对三碱基氯化铜、铜氨基酸螯合物、铜蛋白盐生物利用率研究

采用玉米—豆粕型饲粮研究肉公雏对三碱基氯化铜(TBCC)、铜氨基酸螯合物(CuAA)、铜蛋白盐(CuPro)或硫酸铜(CuSO4)的生物利用率。在基础饲粮(Cu14mg/kg,DM基础 ,实测值)上 ,TBCC、CuAA、CuPro、CuSO4 的铜添加水平依次为150mg/kg、300mg/kg、450mg/kg,试验3周。结果表明 ,铜源和铜水平对试鸡体重和饲料转化率的影响不显著。以CuSO4 为参比标准 ,铜添加水平或日粮铜摄入量为自变量 ,经对数转换后肝铜积累为因变量建立多元线性回归模型 ,按斜率法综合求测铜源生物利用率为 :CuSO4 100 % ;TBCC112.4 % ;CuAA127.7 %(P<0.01) ;CuPro99.3 %。结果表明TBCC或CuPro生物利用率与CuSO4同效 ,但CuAA生物利用率比CuSO4 高。该试验提供了评定肉鸡有机铜源生物利用率的实用方法。     

铜缺乏对奶牛红细胞及组织细胞膜ATP酶活性的影响

为探讨铜缺乏对奶牛红细胞及组织细胞膜ATP活性的影响，在调查铜缺乏奶牛水土食物链微量元素状态的基础上，首次测度了病区6头发病犊奶牛（Ⅱ组）及该地区20头同年生临床健康奶牛（IH组，血清铜低于0.56mg/kg）红细胞膜Na^ -K^ -ATP酶、Ca^2 -ATP酶及Mg^2 -ATP酶的活性，对20头IH组奶牛进行为期80d的补铜试验（含铜40mg/kg干饲料），以20头健区同年生健康奶犊牛作为对照（HH组，全血铜大于０.85mg/L）。同时测试了剖杀后６头病牛及健康牛组织细胞膜ＡＴＰ酶的活性。结果表明：Ⅱ组奶牛红细胞膜ＡＴＰ酶活性显著低于ＨＨ组及ＩＨ组。补铜后４０d，ＩＨ组奶牛红细胞膜Na^ -K^ -ATP酶均显著升高，病牛肝、脾、肾、大脑、小脑、淋巴结等组织细胞膜Na^ -K^ -ATP酶、Ca^2 -ATP酶活性显著低于对照组。结论：铜缺乏较为严重地影响了奶牛红细胞及组织膜ＡＴＰ酶的活性，抑制了这些组织的正常生理功能。     

Studies on the Pathogenesis of Shimao Zheng (Fleece-eating) in Sheep and Goats

Research on the disease called shimao zheng, which had resulted in widespread fleece-eating and shedding by sheep and goats in the Haizi area of Akesa County of Gansu Province of China, was carried out by both laboratory studies and pathological observations. There was a marked deficiency of sulfur in the wool and tissues of the affected animals. The pathological changes were mainly loss of fleece, exposure of the skin, keratinization of the epidermal cells, narrowing and reduced numbers of the fleece follicles, and fewer sebaceous glands and sweat glands. Histologically, there was atrophy of the striated and cardiac muscles and of the epithelium of the convoluted tubules of the kidney, together with a glomerulonephritis. The disease was considered to be a local nutritional and metabolic disorder, probably mainly caused by sulfur deficiency.     

梅花鹿铜缺乏综合征的复制

为了证明梅花鹿铜缺乏综合征的发生与饲料铜含量的关系，以含铜３．３３×１０－６的日粮饲喂１３１只幼龄圈养梅花鹿，于２８个月后开始发生铜缺乏综合征，继续饲喂到３９个月时，其显症率达９．１６％。人工复制的梅花鹿铜缺乏综合征的临床症状与自然发生者相一致，主要为患鹿后躯运动失调，渐进性瘫痪；意识清楚，无癫痫、抽搐症状发生；被毛颜色变淡，眼睛周围出现白眼圈。ＲＢＣ为（７．５６±０．８３）×１０１２／Ｌ，Ｈｂ（１６３．３０±１２．９０）ｇ／Ｌ，血清铜蓝蛋白氧化酶（２５．７３±６．４５）ＩＵ／Ｌ，均显著低于对照组。血清铜（５．６２±０．８０）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，毛铜（４．５５±１．２８）ｍｇ／ｋｇ，均显著低于对照组；血清铁（２８．４８±２．４７）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，显著高于对照组。主要病理变化为脑、脊髓神经脱髓鞘；部分神经元变性坏死；血管壁肥厚，内膜粗糙，管腔变窄，脆性增加；肝、脾、淋巴结含铁血黄素沉着及骨质疏松。日粮中铜含量为７．３３×１０－６时，梅花鹿发育良好，体质健壮，生产性能优越，无铜缺乏综合征发生。表明这一铜含量可作为梅花鹿铜元素饲养标准的参考值。     

Effect of gold nanoparticles on reversing adriamycin resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2/ADM cells

AIM: To investigate whether gold nanoparticles (GNPs) reverses adriamycin (ADM), resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma drug-resistant cell line HepG2/ADM and to explore the potential mechanism. METHODS: The sensitivities of HepG2 cells and HepG2/ADM cells to ADM were tested by MTT assay before and after GNPs pretreatment. The apoptotic rate was examined by flow cytometry. The concentration of ADM in HepG2/ADM or HepG2 cells was determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. The content of glutathione (GSH) in HepG2/ADM or HepG2 cells by DTNB method. RESULTS: The half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) of ADM for HepG2/ADM cells were(29.46±1.73) mg/L and (15.18±0.85) mg/L before and after GNPs pretreatment,respectively. The IC₅₀ of ADM for HepG2 cells was (9.16±2.03) mg/L before pretreatment. The apoptotic rate in GNPs+ADM group was higher than that in ADM group (P<0.05). The concentration of ADM in HepG2/ADM group was lower than that in HepG2 group (P<0.01). After GNPs pretreatment, the concentration of ADM in HepG2/ADM cells was higher than that before pretreatment. The content of GSH in HepG2/ADM group was higher than that in HepG2 group (P<0.01). After GNPs pretreatment, the content of GSH in the HepG2/ADM cells was lower than that before pretreatment. CONCLUSION: Gold nanoparticles can reverse ADM resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma drug-resistant cell line HepG2/ADM, reduce the content of GSH and increase the concentration of ADM in HepG2/ADM cells.     

Copper localization in Cannabis sativa L. grown in a copper-rich solution

Summary With the aim to examine its potential as a renewable resource to decontaminate polluted soils, electron microscopy combined with X-ray microanalysis was used to investigate the localization of copper in Cannabis sativa grown in hydroponic copper-rich culture. Cu was found to accumulate preferentially in the upper leaf epidermal cells; it was also detected in spiculae and in abaxial trichomes too. Primary bast fibres seem to be not involved in copper accumulation.     

铜制剂及有机物料对土壤生化性状的影响

通过盆栽试验，研究了美国铜基杀菌剂Kocide2000（KCD）、新型波尔多液营养保护剂（BNPP）、传统波尔多液（BDM）、五水硫酸铜（CS）四种铜制剂及添加3％有机物料后对棕壤生化性质的影响。研究表明：铜制剂对土壤过氧化氢酶活性有刺激作用，而对脲酶、蔗糖酶活性均有显著抑制作用，尤以BDM对土壤酶活性的抑制率最强，高浓度处理下则未能检测出2种酶活性。施用铜制剂还显著影响了土壤的生物学指标，表现为土壤基础呼吸和代谢熵升高，微生物生物量碳降低。相关分析表明土壤的生物学指标和酶活性均与土壤有效铜呈显著性正相关或负相关。此外，铜制剂的施用增加了土壤中有效铜、锌（BDM除外）含量，而有效铁、锰含量降低。4种铜制剂中BDM对土壤生化性质的影响最大，其次是CS，BNPP与KCD对土壤的影响相当。增施有机物料可缓解铜制剂对土壤生物学和酶活性的影响，但能增加土壤有效态重金属的含量。     

环境铜污染影响及修复的研究现状综述

综述了铜污染对不同生物（包括植物、动物、土壤微生物）影响的研究现状,指出了Cu污染对高等植物毒害作用的研究目前主要集中在对植物生长指标、光合作用、细胞结构、细胞分裂、酶系统和其他营养元素的吸收上;高Cu对高等动物毒害作用的研究非常多,目前主要集中在对动物生产性能、体内重要的铜酶、代谢酶及重要组织器官结构功能的影响;Cu污染对土壤微生物影响的研究主要集中在微生物量及微生物群落结构的变化。探讨了尽量减少铜污染和进行修复的措施。     

湖北省几种土壤的重金属镉、铜形态

研究了湖北省棕红壤、黄棕壤和和黄褐土中重金属镉、铜的形态差异，分析了重金属负荷水平对土壤重金属形态的影响，结果表明：未污染土壤中重金属镉、铜主要为氧化铁结合态和残渣态，占土壤重金属全量的75％以上；交换态镉含量与土壤pH呈负相关，从未污染土、污染土到镉质土，随土壤Cd负荷提高，土壤中交换态、碳酸盐结合态镉的比例增大，有效地提高，残渣态、氧化铁结合态镉的比例降低，土壤中铜有相似的变化趋势。     

混合表面活性剂分散纳米CeO2颗粒的协同效应

选用CTAB阳离子型和SDBS阴离子型分别与Tween80非离子型表面活性剂进行复配，通过Zeta电位、吸附等温线以及沉降性能测定，研究了混合表面活性剂对水相介质中纳米CeO2颗粒分散稳定性能影响的协同效应。结果表明：不同混合表面活性剂体系中纳米CeO2颗粒表现出不同的表面电性，从而影响其分散稳定行为；纳米CeO2颗粒对两种混合表面活性剂均有良好的吸附性能，但其吸附等温线形式有所不同；碱性条件下，混合表面活性剂能显著改善纳米CeO2颗粒的分散稳定性，其中SDBS与Tween 80的协同作用更为明显。