成都地区草坪管理主要问题及其解决途径初探

通过对成都地区冷季型草坪维护管理过程中存在的问题进行了探讨，对管理过程中的矛盾和问题提出了解决的途径，为读者提供实践经验和思考。     

The influence of spatial configuration of green areas on microclimate and thermal comfort

It has been shown that the spatial configuration of a green area can strongly influence its cooling effect. However, the specific correlation has not been sufficiently studied. To systematically clarify the correlation between the spatial configuration and the cooling effect of green areas, 25 idealized scenarios are designed and simulated using the microclimate model ENVI-met. These 25 scenarios represent green areas with five different spatial configurations (integrated green area, sparse dotted green areas, dense dotted green areas, belt-shaped green areas parallel to wind direction, and belt-shaped green areas vertical to wind direction) and five vegetation types (trees with big canopies, trees with small canopies, hedges and shrubs, 50 cm grass, and 10 cm grass). The human thermal comfort of each scenario is evaluated by means of physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) using Rayman. The results reveal the influence of the fragmentation degree (quantified by the patch density and edge density), shape complexity (quantified by the land shape index), orientation of green belt, and vegetation type on the cooling effect of a green area. The spatial configuration and the vegetation type of green areas were found jointly affecting the efficiency of the green areas’ cooling effect. The highest cooling effect appears at 2 pm, reaching 6.3 K in the scenario of belt-shaped green areas parallel to the wind direction and with big canopy trees. The conclusions of this paper can provide suggestions for the climate-adaptive design and planning of urban green areas in the future.     

Evaluating seasonal variation in mineral concentration of cool‐season pasture herbage

Pasture herbage is a major source of minerals for livestock in pasture‐based production systems. Herbage mineral concentrations vary throughout the growing season, whereas mineral supplementation to livestock is often constant. The study objectives were to analyse the seasonal variation in herbage mineral concentrations in tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub]‐based pasture with regard to beef cattle mineral requirements and to create a statistical model to predict variation in herbage mineral concentrations across the growing season. Pasture herbage was analysed from 12 grazing systems in Virginia to determine its mineral concentration from April to October of 2008–2012. The pasture herbage, grown without fertilization, contained adequate macronutrient concentrations to meet the requirements of dry beef cows through the growing season and the requirements of lactating beef cows in April. Phosphorus supplementation appeared to be unnecessary for dry beef cows given adequate concentrations in pasture herbage. A model using month of harvest, soil moisture and relative humidity explained 75% of the variation in an aggregated mineral factor. The 90% prediction intervals indicated that N, P, K, S and Cu concentrations could be predicted within 1·35, 0·08, 0·80 and 0·07% and 3·83 mg kg^?1 respectively. Prediction of herbage mineral concentrations could help to improve livestock health, reduce costs to producers and limit nutrient losses to the environment.     

植物激素对耐热性的调控机制及其在冷地型草坪草研究中的应用前景

外源脱落酸(ABA)能提高无芒雀麦、葡萄、冬小麦和黄瓜等的耐热性,使内源ABA含量增加,因此,ABA可能是高温锻炼和诱导产生的耐热性的因素之一。水杨酸(SA)在一定程度上可仿效热锻炼,外源施用SA和热锻炼均可提高芥末幼苗耐热性,同时使体内H     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid</Emphasis> in the ornamental plant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vinca minor</Emphasis> and its transmission through tomato seed

Two novel aspects of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (TCDVd) are reported, namely that TCDVd was detected in symptomless plants of Vinca minor, a trailing ground cover surviving at subzero temperatures (−12°C); and that TCDVd was seed-borne in tomato and detected in high percentages in tomato seeds and seedlings. Soaking seeds in a low concentration of sodium hypochlorite did not eliminate the viroid. The sequence analysis showed that the TCDVd isolate consists of 360 nucleotides and has sequence identity between 96% to 99% with isolates of TCDVd from other hosts.     

自然冷资源保鲜库自控系统设计及应用

介绍了一种基于虚拟仪器的自然冷资源保鲜库温度、湿度自控系统的设计应用。利用自然冷资源保鲜具有安全、方便、节能等优点。虚拟仪器技术是计算机技术、数字信号处理技术、总线技术和软件工程方法的综合。采用虚拟仪器技术自动控制自然冷资源保鲜库的环境参数简单易行,控制参数准确可靠,能有效提高果品和蔬菜保鲜品质。     

几个杏品种在秦王川高海拔冷凉干旱地区的表现

秦王川高海拔冷凉干旱地区是兰州市鲜食杏主要产区,自1986年引种杏树以来,引进十多个鲜食杏品种进行试验示范,经多年适应性试验,筛选出了适宜当地气候条件、早中晚搭配、经济效益较好的品种进行示范推广。     

吕梁冷凉山区红枣早熟矮干低冠栽培试验

采用"矮干低冠"树型对红枣进行了早熟栽培试验。结果表明,试验区红枣比对照提早21 d成熟,避免了由于连绵秋雨使红枣裂果严重而对红枣产业化造成的重大损失,从而达到红枣丰产、丰收的目的。     

北方冷季型草坪四季养护技术

针对北方冷季型草坪的生长特性和北方气候特征,详尽阐述了冷季型草坪一年四季的养护技术,在不同时期应采取相应的措施,以提高养护管理水平。     

土壤水分对三种冷季型草坪草地下生物量的影响

[目的]研究不同水分处理对三种冷季型草坪草地下生物量及坪用质量的影响,旨在为草坪养护过程中提高水的有效利用率提供理论依据.[方法]通过草坪线性梯度灌溉,应用水量平衡原理,研究水分处理对草坪草地下生物量、根系分布的影响情况,探讨不同水分处理与草坪地下生物量的关系及对地下生物量动态变化、根系空间分布的影响.[结果]三种草坪草地下生物量春季最大,秋季最小,根系主要分布在0～10 cm的土壤层内,占地下生物总量的84.08;～ 87.18;.三种草坪的坪用质量与根茎比值呈负相关.[结论]不同水分处理对三种草坪草的地下生物量有显著影响,适宜的根茎比能够得到较好的坪用质量.