Improving pooled calibration of a rising‐plate meter for estimating herbage mass over a season in cool‐season grass pasture

To construct a new calibration method that combines usability and accuracy for estimating herbage mass from rising‐plate meter readings, we derived four models differing in the way their parameters are related to sampling date and compared their estimation accuracies using cross‐validation. The parameters of the linear regression for each sampling date showed seasonal variations, which had a steep decrease from early April to early June and a gradual increase thereafter. The pooled models were less accurate for estimating herbage mass than a separate model, which had specific parameters for each sampling date (S model). Among the pooled models, however, those in which the parameters were assumed to be linear functions (PL model) or combined functions (PC model) of the sampling date showed substantively improved estimation accuracy compared with the traditional pooled model, in which the parameters were assumed to be fixed throughout the year (PF model). Moreover, at the beginning of the season, the models derived from previous years' data were suggested to be applicable as a practical method. Thus, it can be concluded that these types of pooled calibration could be used as ‘compromise methods’ that combine both accuracy and usability.     

Freezing Tolerance Affected by Mineral Application during Cold‐Acclimated Conditions in Some Cool Crop Seedlings

Abstract

The effect of mineral nutrient application on freezing tolerance in red cabbage, carrot, and spinach under cold‐acclimated and unacclimated conditions were evaluated in this study. Effects of nutrient‐solution application and cold acclimation on temperature at which 50% of leaves are injured (LT₅₀), values, and ice nucleation activity in all of the plants were found to be statistically significant. Nutrient‐solution applications decreased LT₅₀ values in all of the species under unacclimated and cold‐acclimated conditions. Freezing injuries in cold‐acclimated plants were significantly lower than in unacclimated plants in all of the nutrient application doses. In addition to this, 600–900 mg l^?1 nutrient solutions also gave low plant injury in all conditions. Nutrient‐solution applications increased ice nucleation temperatures of apoplastic proteins, proline, and total chlorophyll contents in all of the plant species under unacclimated and cold‐acclimated conditions. Among the plant species, carrot was the most resistant plant to freezing injury under all nutrient application doses in the tested conditions.     

五叶茶清凉饮料生产工艺研究

以桑叶、淡竹叶、银杏叶、佩兰叶和薄荷叶等药食两用的中药材为主要原料,经果胶酶X1(0.1 g/kg)和木瓜蛋白M(0.1g/kg)联合水解后,按柠檬酸0.06%、白砂糖2.00%和三氯蔗糖0.15 g/kg的比例添加辅料,可获得外观澄清透明、滋味清甜微苦、口感柔和、风味协调的五叶茶清凉饮料.     

崔霞教授从伏邪理论辨治小儿慢性扁桃体炎

崔霞教授将伏邪理论引入小儿慢性扁桃体炎的辨治中,认为瘀热留伏是其重要病机。发作期,外邪诱发伏邪,风火相煽,或湿热浸淫,瘀热相搏,重在清热泻火,宣透伏邪,予银翘散合升降散加减或柴胡达原饮加减;缓解期,邪伏血络,瘀热内蕴,治以凉血散瘀,滋阴益气,方以当归复感汤加减。强调瘀热贯穿本病始终,治疗全程酌情凉血散瘀。     

在线写作自动评改系统在应用型本科学生写作 中的反馈研究——以句酷批改网为例

通过在线写作练习及后期的问卷调查对基于句酷批改网的写作自动批改系统的评价, 学生普遍认为在线写作平台对他们的英语写作有一定的帮助。此帮助更多的体现在词汇和语法 层面,而对于篇章结构和布局方面则依然需要教师的指导。     

Salt Tolerance and K/Na Ratio of Some Introduced Forage Grass Species Under Salinity Stress in Irrigated Areas

Salinity is a limiting factor for forage productivity in irrigated areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the salt tolerance index (STI), the K/Na ratio, and the forage quality of several introduced cool season grass species in irrigated agriculture. Four irrigated water salinity concentrations were used (control, 4000, 8000, and 12000 ppm sodium chloride (NaCl)), and four grass cultivars belonging to three species were established under greenhouse conditions at the Qassim University Agricultural Research and Experimental Station during the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons (perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L., cvs. Aries and Quartet), endophyte-free tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb., cv. Fawn), and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L., cv. Tekapo)). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) using three replications was used. Cultivars were evaluated based on their dry weights (g m^?2) and forage quality. Additionally, the STI and potassium (K⁺) and sodium (Na⁺) concentrations in the studied grass cultivars were evaluated. The dry weights of the grasses decreased significantly as the salinity level of the irrigation water increased. At a salinity of 4000 ppm, the Aries perennial ryegrass had the highest dry weight at both sample cuttings. The Aries, Fawn, and Quartet grasses had the highest STI values. The percent of K⁺ and the K/Na ratio increased as the salinity of the irrigation water increased for the Fawn tall fescue and Quartet perennial ryegrass. In the previously cultivars, the percentage of Na⁺ decreased as the salinity level of the irrigation water increased, which was in contrast with the results observed for the Tekapo orchardgrass.     

施肥、修剪和草种差异对草坪密度、越冬率和生长量的影响

通过试验研究施肥、修剪和草种差异对冷季型草坪草的密度、越冬率、累计生长量、根系深度等草坪评价因素产生的影响,比较不同草种和管理组合之间的差异,总结出对乌鲁木齐地区草坪管理适宜的施肥、修剪管理方式.     

Cluster Management to Improve Berry Quality in Young ‘Alborz’ Table Grape in the Intermountain West Region,USA

Cluster management in table grapes is an essential cultural practice for production of high quality table grapes. This issue has not been studied in the Intermountain West region in the United States. Thus, the objective of this project was to study the effects of cluster removal, cluster shortening, and vine girdling on yield and quality attributes of ‘Alborz’ table grape during 2012–14 growing seasons. Vines that did not receive cluster removal and cluster cutting (NoClRemNoClCut) tended to have a higher yield but smaller berry weight than those with other cluster managements every year. Vines receiving cluster removal, cluster shortening, and a trunk girdling (ClRemShort&Gird) regime tended to have larger berries and cluster weight than those with other treatments. However, girdled vines were more susceptible to cold damage. Vines receiving cluster removal and cluster shortening had slightly larger berries, better appearance, and marketability than those without cluster removal and without cluster shortening.     

植物生长调节剂对提高冷季型草坪草抗热性的研究

采用高羊茅的2个品种科伦那多和斗牛士，叶面喷施植物生长抑制剂脱落酸（ABA）及生长促进剂细胞激动素(KT)，研究它们对草坪草株高、分蘖、抗高温特性的影响，结果表明：①ABA、KT对草坪草降低株高，提高抗热性方面都有积极作用；②对分蘖来说，ABA对分蘖力较强的品种（斗牛士）促进作用明显，而对分蘖力弱的品种（科伦那多）却有降低分蘖作用；③ABA和KT都显著降低株高，其中对科伦那多这类株高本身较高的品种效果更好；④ABA和KT均可增加草坪草的抗热性，其中以ABA的效果较好。喷施ABA和KT能提高草坪草抗热性，是安全越夏的有效措施。     

环境低温和T3致肉鸡腹水、肺动脉高压和肺微细动脉肌型化

21 0羽 AA商品肉鸡随机分为 A、B、C 3个组 ,常规饲养。 1 4日龄后 A组鸡正常对照 ,而 B、C组鸡舍温按每日1～ 2℃由 2 5℃逐步降至 1 2℃ ,同时 C组在日粮中按 1 .5 mg/ kg的剂量添加甲状腺素 T3以诱发肉鸡腹水综合征 ( as-cites syndrom e,AS)。结果表明 :低温和 T3能显著增加 AS发病率、红细胞压积 ( PCV)值、右心室与全心室重量比( RV/ TV)、平均肺动脉压 ( m PAP)和厚壁末梢血管百分率 ( TWPV % ) ( P<0 .0 1 )。从而揭示了环境低温和 T3诱发的AS患鸡已发生了肺动脉高压和肺微细血管肌型化