真空干燥条件对稻米食味品质的影

通过食味仪测量糙米理化指标数据,借鉴精米模型,利用系数重估法得出糙米主要成分含量与食味值的关系式.采用二次正交旋转组合设计方案,在控制干燥时间直至稻谷含水率达15%左右的基础上,建立了糙米食味值的数学模型.研究表明,干燥温度、初始含水率和真空度是影响稻米真空干燥食味品质的3个重要因素.对食味值的影响从大到小依次顺序为干燥温度、初始含水率、真空度,且前二者与食味值呈负相关,后者与之呈正相关.     

4种农药对水稻籽粒生长模型参数的影响

 研究了稻田常用的4种农药对水稻籽粒充实的影响。于水稻破口期一次性标记200个稻穗。后每隔4d每小区取回20个稻穗烘干。每稻穗分别摘取10粒强势粒和弱势粒,去壳称重,计算百粒米重。根据籽粒生长模型,计算起始生长势R0,旺盛生长期△t,旺盛生长期内干物质累积生长量GT,最大生长速率Vmax及饱和生长量K。结果表明,强弱势粒的所有上述参数均受到农药处理不同程度的影响。其中吡虫啉2个剂量(有效成分22.5gha-1、45gha-1)处理GT、K值与对照相比分别下降10.68%、0.59%和8.79%、8.66%。高     

水稻高产群体质量及其优化控制探讨

 本文从水稻栽培学角度提出了高产群体质量这一新的理论问题。重点论述了水稻抽穗后物质生产量、群体总颖花量、粒叶比、有效及高效LAI、平均茎鞘重、颖花根活量以及有效分蘖率等与高产形成的关系，分别分析了它们在群体质量上的意义，并在有些方面初步指明了作为高产群体质量指标的数量范围。文章还阐述了高产群体质量优化控制的基本程序。     

若干早籼品种的米质特性

研究８个杂交籼稻组合和１０个常规籼稻品种早、晚两季的若干米质特性表明．所有供试品种精米中各米质性状指标分别为：蛋白质含量６．９５％－８．６５％，平均７．７１％；氨基酸６．９００％－８．４０５％，平均７．６３１％；必需氨基酸２．３６４％－２．９３１％，平均２．７１９％；直链淀粉１５．１３５％－２３．５５０％，平均２１．３２３％；糊化温度（碱解值）４．４５５－６．９８５，平均５．４１３，同时比较了早、晚两季栽植的杂交籼稻与常规籼稻在上述各种米质性状指标间的差异，并研究了各米质性状之间的相互关系．     

Interactions of Water Management and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization in Rice

The interactions of water management and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen absorption and utili-zation were studied in rice with Wuxiangjing9 (japonica). The results showed that the nitrogen uptake and re-maining in straw increased and the percentage of nitrogen translocation (PNT) from vegetative organs, nitro-gen dry matter production efficiency (NDMPE) and nitrogen grain production efficiency (NGPE) decreasedwith nitrogen increasing. The nitrogen uptake and NGPE decreased when severe water stressed. However, ricenot only decreased the nitrogen uptake but also increased the PNT from vegetative organs, NDMPE and NGPEwhen mild water stressed. There were obvious interactions between nitrogen fertilizer and water management,such as with water stress increasing the effect of nitrogen on increasing nitrogen uptake was reduced and thaton decreasing NDMPE was intensified.     

N-硝基-N-(2,4,6-三氯苯基)-N′-2-甲氧基苯基脲生物活性的研究

研究了N -硝基 -N - ( 2 ,4,6—三氯苯基 ) -N′ - 2 -甲氧基苯基脲对单子叶作物水稻的植物生长调节活性及对单子叶杂草稗的除草活性 ,结果表明 :在一定的浓度范围内 ,该化合物对水稻具有植物生长调节活性 ,对稗具除草活性。     

Senescence of Top Three Leaves in Field‐Grown Rice Plants

Abstract

The top three leaves play important roles in biomass production and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop since the three leaves not only assimilate majority of carbon for grain filling during ripening phase, but also provide large proportion of remobilized‐nitrogen (N) for grain development during their senescence. The objectives of this study were to (a) compare senescence of the top three leaves and (b) compare the changes in N, chlorophyll, and ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) contents of the top three leaves after their full expansion in field‐grown rice plants. When the basis of comparison among the top three leaves was plant age in terms of days after transplanting (DAT), senescence generally started earliest in ?3rd leaf, intermediate in ?2nd leaf, and latest in flag leaf. If the basis of comparison among the top three leaves was leaf age in terms of days after full leaf expansion (DAFE), it was not clear which leaf senesced earlier. Senescence rate was generally greatest in flag leaf, intermediate in ?2nd leaf, and smallest in ?3rd leaf. Ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase content declined earlier, and at a faster rate than N and chlorophyll contents during the senescence of all top three leaves. Correlation analysis indicated a close relationship between N and chlorophyll contents. Ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase content correlated with N content better than with chlorophyll content. The suitability of N, chlorophyll, and Rubisco contents for quantifying the leaf senescence of field‐grown rice plants is discussed.     

酸化水浸种对水稻秧苗素质及产量影响的研究

本试验探讨了酸化水浸种对水稻秧苗素质及产量的影响。试验结果表明，用ｐＨ值为３．５～４．０的酸化水浸种，可明显提高水稻种的发芽率和发芽势，缩短发芽所需浸种天数和破胸时数，秧苗茎基粗壮，根系发达，大大降低了水稻苗期立枯病的发病率。三年本田试验结果表明，用ｐＨ值３．５～４．０的酸化水浸种可在一定范围内提高水稻子粒产量，增产幅度为６％～９％。     

诱发籼稻早、晚双向熟期突变的研究

在同一品种的辐射M_2代中,一般可同时出现早、晚双向熟期的突变,且后者的突变率高于前者分别为1.39％和2.67％。突变体提早和延迟的天数两者基本接近(11.5d对10.3d)。早晚双向突变体,由于其熟期发生了相反方向的改变,因而在一定程度上株高、每穗粒数、千粒重等农艺性状也发生了双向变异,且达到显著水平。