上虞海涂实验农场中心试验区排水系统探讨

上虞市海涂实验农场中心试验区的排水系统，能满足十年一遇的年最大２４ｈ降雨，两天内排出的要求。滨海盐土的地下水位高，农田基本建设除用浅、密的排水沟布置外，还应结合平整土地、发展灌溉以及适用的农、林技术等综合措施，才能达到治盐改土的效果。     

On the nature of fresh volcanic ashes as parent material ejected from the Sakurajima and Aso volcanoes

There are few pedological studies in Japan of fresh volcanic ash. Fundamental information of the material from which Japanese volcanic-ash soils have developed, is of importance to obtain a better understanding of pedogenesis of such soils. The present paper deals with the mechanical. mmeralogical, and chemical characteristics of fresh ash ejected from the Sakurajima and Aso volcanoes which are among the most active in Japan.     

Laboratory selection of resistance by the red flour beetle,tribolium castaneum (Herbst), to an atmosphere of low oxygen concentration

Adult populations of the red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), were exposed for 40 generations to an atmosphere containing 99.5% N₂ and 0.5% O₂ at 95% RH, in order to select a strain resistant to the low oxygen concentration (LOC) atmosphere. Selection pressure was maintained at between 50% and 70% mortality. At the 40th generation comparison of sensitivity between the selected strain and the original non-selected strain indicated a resistance factor at the 50% mortality level (LT50) of x 5.2. However, throughout the selections, log-time against probit-mortality curves remained roughly parallel from generation to generation and the slope remained low. These findings indicate a multiplicity of genetic factors that at a high level of selection contribute together towards an adaptation of the insects to survival in the LOC atmosphere. Removal of selection pressure from a sub-population of the selected strain from the 13th to 21st generation revealed that resistance was partially retained with a decrease in resistance factor of 23%. Although the study revealed that the insects were able to develop a strain resistant to hypoxia, exposures were at 95% RH to minimize the desiccation effect. This does not reflect field situations, where ambient relative humidities are generally below 70%.     

新疆平原灌区综合排水措施与模式

在总结已有研究成果及实践经验的基础上,结合近期开展的水盐监测与试验研究,综合地下水开发利用、节水节肥、土地资源合理配置以及农业结构调整等成果资料.应用土壤水盐运移理论与系统分析原理,为实现干旱内陆河流域水土资源可持续利用,系统地提出适应于不同地貌单元,不同土壤盐碱化治理阶段的竖井排灌、竖井与水平联合排灌、水平排水等工程措施,以及利用自然与人造微地形情况下的农田干排盐、生物排盐措施.     

缓/控释肥的研究应用现状

就国内外缓/控释肥料应用效果、施用方法做了综述。重点总结了缓/控释肥在作物上的应用效果和对土壤、环境的影响。与普通肥料相比,施用缓/控释肥料可以提高肥料利用率、提高作物产量、改善品质、改善土壤物理性状、提高土壤养分有效性、促进作物生长、减少环境污染。     

黄土高原半干旱区退耕地沙棘林密度调控

本文以黄土高原半干旱地区吴起县北部沙棘人工成林为研究对象,定位观测了沙棘林地林木蒸腾、土壤蒸发及土壤水分状况等,根据水资源承载能力确定退耕地沙棘林适宜密度及其动态调控。结果表明：沙棘林分生长季节内,丰水年土壤贮水量总体为盈余;平水年的同期降水不能满足林地蒸散消耗;枯水年土壤水分明显亏缺。该地区沙棘林稳定群落密度为1445株（丛）／hm^2,初植密度为2223株（丛）／hm^2。造林密度过大是造成土壤水分亏缺、植被生态效益和经济效益难以发挥的重要因素。     

物理气调法片烟养护及醇化效果研究

为进一步加深对物理气调法的了解,研究了物理气调法片烟养护效果及片烟醇化品质随时间的变化规律。结果表明,物理气调法能使堆垛内氧气浓度稳定保持在适宜片烟醇化范围内。使用物理气调法时,堆垛内相对湿度对外界湿度条件的敏感性较低,有利于在高湿条件下防止烟叶受潮霉变。在12个月的醇化周期内,片烟绿原酸、芸香苷、叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素等香气前体物含量呈氧化分解下降趋势,片烟的醇化过程朝着改善品质的方向进行。物理气调法经低氧处理再将氧气浓度回调至15%~21%的处理片烟感官品质最佳;与化学气调法相比,物理气调法更有利于提升片烟醇化质量。     

缓控释肥对水稻产量与品质影响的研究进展

施用缓控释肥是缓解我国水稻生产中施氮量高、氮肥利用率低的有效措施。本文总结了缓控释肥施用量和施用方式等对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响及机理。适量减氮施用缓控释肥可保证水稻产量并有效提高氮肥利用效率和改善稻米食味品质。改进施肥方式,如采用侧深施肥或配施速效氮肥有利于进一步提高水稻产量。未来应加强缓控释肥影响稻米品质形成的内在机理、缓控释肥稻田释放规律与水稻根系生长关系及缓控释肥两者混施对水稻产量和稻米品质影响等问题的研究,达到进一步增产增效。     

农村电力排灌站电气设备最优配置的若干思考

农村电力排灌站电气设备主要是利用电力进行农业用水资源调配的水利设施。笔者根据自身工作经验,主要对农村电力排灌站电气设备最优配置进行了一番分析与研究。     

控释肥料对花生产量、品质以及养分利用率的影响

以普通单质肥料(尿素、磷酸二铵、氯化钾和硫酸钾等)为原料,制备了N-P2O5-K2O分别为18-11-11和14-8-8的5种控释肥料,于2005年在福建省龙岩市进行田间试验,研究了控释肥料品种对花生产量、品质以及养分利用率的影响。结果表明,在等NPK比例和等养分量处理下,控释肥料可以减小肥料对花生结瘤的抑制作用,改善花生主要的农艺性状。与普通肥料1次性施用相比,控释肥料处理增加荚果产量2.5%1～0.8%,增加生物量1.3%6～.9%,氮、磷、钾当季利用率分别提高3.9%1～5.8%、0.6%4～.2%和2.6%1～4.2%;与普通肥料分2次施用相比,控释肥料处理的荚果增产-0.6%7～.5%,生物量增加-2.6%2～.8%,氮、磷、钾当季利用率分别提高了-5.5%5～.7%、2.7%6～.3%和-2.2%9～.4%。此外,控释肥料还可以改善花生的品质,提高花生仁的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量。