光照在蛋鸡养殖中的合理应用

蛋鸡对光照周期、光照时间、光源性质和光照强度都有着特殊的敏感性和反应性。适宜的光照对鸡的活动、物质代谢、生长发育和生产力都有重要作用,特别是光照可以刺激蛋鸡性激素分泌,加快卵子形成与排出,提高蛋鸡生产性能。总结了一套合理的蛋鸡光照管理方法,在蛋鸡养殖过程中起着积极的指导作用。     

南方液压公司"供应商管理库存"设计与实施

供应商管理库存(VMI)是一种在用户和供应商之间的合作性策略。通过策略选择、实施目标分析及协议制定三个角度分析研究,设计实施的南方液压公司VMI模式全程方案,可有效提升南方液压公司的库存管理水平。     

CTM系列汽车拖拉机综合测试仪在汽车滑行阻力系数测定中的应用

介绍了汽车滑行阻力系数的测定方法,理论分析和试验结果均表明:应用CTM系列汽车拖拉机综合测试仪,在测定汽车滑行距离的同时,测定汽车滑行阻力系数的方法简便、可靠。     

西北地区退耕还林还草后续产业发展对策研究

随着退耕还林还草工程在西北地区的进一步推进,该区生态环境得到了有效改善,当前退耕区农民所面临的新问题就是如何提高其经济收入,为了解决退耕区的长远发展问题,必须大力发展后续产业。在分析研究西北地区退耕现状及后续产业发展的基础上,针对当前西北地区后续产业发展缓慢及人们对后续产业发展缺乏认识等问题,指出该区后续产业发展必须立足于地域资源优势的发挥、依靠科技,大力发展生态农业及生态旅游,通过产业链延长,增加农民收入。     

生产函数在农业生产分析中的应用

农业生产函数是表明农业投入资源与产出成果之间的技术性关系。目前,世界上最广泛应用的农业生产函数形式,被认为具有普遍意义的是 Cobb—Douglas(柯布-道格拉斯)生产函数。农业生产与工业或其他产业不同,它受外界自然条件的影响,因此,研究农业生产函数也必须注意农业生产的这一特点。在对农业生产函数定式化时,如果将各种自然条件因素一一都包含在模型中,解释变量的数目就会大大增加,这样,在模型推断时往往很难获得较理想的参数估计结果。因此,本文通过利用主成份分析的方法将多项气候条件因素归结为两个综合特性值,导入生产函数中,以替代多项自然条件因素。通过1981年农业横断面实际资料对农业生产函数的估计试验,表明在生产函数中导入综合气候条件特性值是处理气候条件因素的一种可靠的方法,并能够使农业生产函数模型获得更理想的统计推断结果。     

A minute P application contributes to a better establishment of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) seedling in P deficient soils

Many soils of the semi-arid tropics are deficient in P, and under such adverse conditions, the establishment of pearl millet seedlings is a critical step to achieve satisfactory crop stands. Phosphorus fertilizer is expensive for small holder farmers and is only applied at low rates, insufficient to give satisfactory crop stands. Methods are needed to enhance productivity at low rates of application. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a minute application of P at early seedling stage, equivalent to 125–500 g P/ha, would enhance the plant establishment under P-limiting conditions. We measured the minimum application of P needed to elicit a response of different genotypes. Pot experiments were conducted with pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) hybrids to measure the response to P placed close to the root system, 5 days after sowing (DAS), compared with a non-limiting P control (DAP). The placement treatments were 0, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 mg soluble P per seedling, applied as KH₂PO₄ solution. The localized placement of P increased biomass in all three soils tested. In one soil, plant biomass at 1000 μL (1 mg P) reached about 50% of the non limited control. If applied later than 19 DAS the placement had no effect on the plant biomass. Hybrid ICMP 451-P8 was more responsive than hybrid 81B-P6. Placement to 20 inbred lines of pearl millet increased biomass by an average of 105% compared with no placement with large genotypic variation. Although this work was not intended to be a way of applying P fertilizer to pearl millet under field conditions, it showed that applying minute amount of P to pearl millet seedling (equivalent to 125–500 g P/ha) enhanced their establishment and led to improved growth for at least 5–6 weeks after sowing. Further work is in progress to develop a feasible technology for field crops based on the results of this study.     

《水产养殖概论》课程建设的探索与实践

按照精品课程建设的内容和要求，以培养高素质人才为目标，对《水产养殖概论》课程在教学内容、教学方法与手段、实验教学、课程考核等4个方面进行了探索与实践，并取得了较好的教学效果。     

Development of buffer methods and evaluation of pedotransfer functions to estimate pH buffer capacity of highly weathered soils

The pH buffer capacity of a soil (pHBC) determines the amount of lime required to raise the pH of the soil layer from its initial acid condition to an optimal pH for plant growth and the time available under current net acid addition rate (NAAR) until the soil layer acidifies to a critical pH leading to likely production losses. Accurate values of pHBC can also be used to calculate NAAR from observed changes in soil pH. In spite of its importance, there is a critical shortage of pHBC data, likely due to the long period of time needed for its direct measurement. This work aimed to develop quick, simple and reliable methods of pHBC measurement and to test these methods against a slow (7‐day) titration used as benchmark. The method developed here calculates pHBC directly from the pH buffer capacity of the buffer solution and the increase in soil pH and corresponding decrease in pH of the buffer solution following mixing and equilibration. The pHBC values calculated using Adams and Evans or modified Woodruff buffers were in accord with those measured by slow titration. Buffer methods are easily deployed in commercial and research laboratories as well as in the field. The advantage of using buffer solutions to calculate pHBC instead of lime requirement is the broad application of this soil property. The pHBC of a soil is an intrinsic property that would not be expected to need remeasurement over periods of less than decades. Recurring lime requirement can be calculated from the soil's pHBC, initial and target pH values. A large proportion of the variability in pHBC was explained by the soil organic carbon content. This relationship between pHBC and soil organic carbon content allowed us to develop local pedotransfer functions to estimate pHBC for different regions of Australia.     

添加烟酸铬对生长肥育猪的生长性能、代谢及组织学的影响

将选用的 12 0头杜长大杂交生长肥育猪随机分成 4组 ,3组为实验组 ,1组为对照组 .在实验组的日粮中添加 2 0 0、50 0、10 0 0 μg· kg-1烟酸铬 (以 Cr元素计 )进行为期 2个月的试验 .结果表明 :( 1)试验组日增重比对照组分别提高 11.7%、11.1%和 12 .5% ;料重比分别提高 5.5%、5.6%和 4 .2 % .( 2 )添加 Cr对血清中 K+、Na+、Cl-、总蛋白、白蛋白、脂蛋白及血红蛋白无影响 ( P>0 .0 5) ;血清中 Ca2 +、PO3-4 、尿素氮、尿酸、甘油三酯、胆固醇和血糖含量显著下降 ( P<0 .0 5) ;血清碱性磷酸酶、天门冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶含量明显升高 ( P<0 .0 5) ;磷酸肌酸激酶含量显著升高 ( P<0 .0 5) ;而乳酸脱氢酶无明显改变 ( P>0 .0 5) .( 3) Cr含量均未超过国家限量标准 .( 4 )未发现器官的组织结构和细胞形态有何改变 .由此可见 ,在生长肥育猪中添加一定量烟酸铬制剂对猪有积极正面效应     

杆菌肽锌对夏季产蛋鸡生产性能及血液指标的影响

３８０日龄北京白鸡８０只被随机分成２个处理，每个处理４个重复，每个重复１０只鸡，对照组喂基础日粮，试验组在基础日粮中添加５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ杆菌肽锌．试验被安排在１９９８年６月３０日至７月３０日进行．试验结果表明：杆菌肽锌对产蛋鸡平均产蛋量、平均蛋重及饲料转化率没有显著影响，但却可以明显改善蛋壳质量（蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度）（Ｐ＜０．０５），并显著减少破软蛋率（Ｐ＜０．０１）．而且在夏季（３２℃以上）蛋鸡产蛋率下降阶段可以减少产蛋率的下降幅度．杆菌肽锌对蛋鸡血液中Ｃａ、Ｐ、Ｚｎ及ＡＬＫＰ（碱性磷酸酶）含量的影响不显著．