旱作大豆综合农艺栽培措施与产量关系模型及产量构成分析

针对内蒙古大豆主产区,以蒙豆5号品种为试验材料,在旱作条件下,通过对不同施氮、磷、钾量和密度四项农艺栽培措施与产量形成的关系研究,建立了四项农艺措施与产量关系的数学模型.通过对数学模型的优化解析,提出了单产175kg/667m2以上目标产量的优化农艺栽培措施组合方案,即密度以2.05-2.19×104株/667m2、施磷(P2O5)量4.0-5.5kg/667m2、施钾(K2 O)量3.7-4.4kg/667m2、施氮(N)量4.0-4.7kg/667m2.经田间试验验证,模型和提供的优化方案可行,对生产实践具有重要的理论意义和应用价值.除单株荚数随着密度降低而增加外,单株粒数、荚粒数、百粒重及产量均随密度、施肥量增加而呈单峰曲线变化.     

以“猪疫情”与“猪周期”叠加致肉价波动为契机建立新时代立体生态养殖产业链

该文从2019年中国生猪和猪肉产品价格大幅波动而带动CPI快速上调的“高通胀风险”及与工业生产PPI下降的“高通缩风险”关联性,探讨了推动猪肉价格快速上涨的机制.难控性“猪疫情”、规律性“猪周期”、投机性“猪炒作”及泛化性“外贸战”是促进肉产品价格快速上涨的“启动”、“叠加”、“内讧”及“外推”四大机制,并建议以此为机...     

Effects of the extensive culture system as finishing production strategy on biometric and chemical parameters in rainbow trout

The effect of finishing extensive farming period, to reduce fat content and manipulate the fatty acid profile of fish muscle, was evaluated in rainbow trout. Fish were stocked in an artificial lake, in which fish were fed only on naturally available nutrients with no supply of artificial feed, for different lengths of time from 0 to 120 days. No weight loss was noted during the whole finishing period while total length increased from 228±7 to 269±3 mm and the condition factor decreased from 1.41±0.04 to 0.89±0.02. The total fat content of the fillets decreased considerably from 4.7±0.6% at the beginning to 2.4±0.4% and 0.7±0.2% after 45 and 120 days respectively. Fillet fatty acid composition was affected by the time of stocking in the extensive farm. In contrast to the reduction in C18:1n‐9, C18:2n‐6, total monounsaturated fatty acid and total n‐6 percent values, an increase in the C20:5n‐3, C22:6n‐3, total polyunsaturated fatty acid and total n‐3 percent values was observed. It was shown that while other finishing strategies for salmonids have some disadvantages, the extensive culture system seems to be a potentially useful tool for increasing the general quality of the end product.     

Carbon and nitrogen stocks and their mineralization potentials are higher under organic than conventional farming practices in Japanese Andosols

ABSTRACT

This study aimed at understanding whether and how long-term organic rice farming affects soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks and their mineralization potentials in submerged rice paddies in Tochigi, Japan. An incubation experiment was carried out to assess the impacts of internal nutrient cycling after organic farming (OF) for 4–5 years (4OF), 8–9 years (8OF), and 12 years (12OF), compared with a conventional rice field (CF). Soil samples were collected at 0–15 cm and 15–20 cm in flooded rice fields after harvest in October 2013. pH and bulk density at 0–15 cm were significantly lower in 12OF fields than in CF fields (by 0.22 unit pH and 17.5%, respectively). Compared with CF, 12OF fields showed significant differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN), but 4OF and 8OF fields did not. In 8OF fields, the C decomposition (Co) and N mineralization (No) potentials were significantly higher (by 34.0% and 35.6%, respectively, at 0–15 cm, and by 67.1% and 24.5% at 15–20 cm) than in CF fields. Similarly, in 8OF fields at 0–15 cm, the Co:SOC and No:TN ratios were 19.8% and 23.2% higher, respectively, than in CF fields. Co, No, Co:SOC, and No:TN in 12OF fields were higher than those in CF fields, demonstrating the effects of prolonged organic rice farming. Additionally, in 12OF fields, C and N stocks were significantly higher (by 15.5% and 17.2%, respectively, at 0–15 cm, and by 4.8% and 12.1% at 15–20 cm) than in CF fields. Our findings suggest that long-term organic rice farming increases soil C and N stocks as well as C and N mineralization in Japanese Andosols.     

耕作方式对豫南雨养区土壤微环境及冬小麦产量的影响

针对豫南雨养农业区降水基本满足作物生长需求但年内和年际间分配不均、土壤耕性差的生态实际,为解决小麦播种期和冬春干旱以及改善耕层水、肥、气、热等因子提供理论依据。于2007—2015年,在豫南雨养农业区进行了连续9a的大田定位试验,研究了不同耕作模式对小麦生长季土壤水分、容重、温度及冬小麦产量的影响。试验共设置6个处理:T1(传统翻耕)、T2(不覆盖/不深松+覆盖/免耕)、T3(覆盖/不深松+不覆盖/免耕)、T4(不覆盖/深松+不覆盖/免耕)、T5(覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕)以及T6(不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕)。结果表明,(覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕)T5可以有效提高小麦播种期0~40cm土层的含水量,为麦播提供较好的水分基础,不同耕作方式处理对冬小麦越冬期和返青期土壤日平均温度影响较小,不足以对冬小麦发育进程产生影响。(覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕)T5能够有效降低耕层0~20cm和0~40cm的土壤容重。覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕处理的前3a,冬小麦产量较对照有所降低,从第4年开始较对照增产,2011—2015年增产幅度分别为2.02%、2.83%、10.93%、5.88%、1.97%。以上结果表明,通过T5(覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕)的简耕覆盖技术可以有效利用降水资源、培肥地力,提高产量,具有节本增效的作用。     

平原农区空心村整治潜力测算模型构建及应用——以山东省禹城市为例

空心村整治是解决城乡发展转型进程中乡村地区土地资源闲置、空废及低效利用等问题的重要手段。构建符合平原农区地域功能特点的空心村整治潜力测算模型是实施平原农区空心村整治工作的基础与依据。本文以人均建设用地标准法为基础,基于平原农区的地域特色及优质耕地保育与现代商品粮基地建设重大战略需求建立了涵盖整治迫切性、自然适宜性及经济社会可行性等影响平原农区农村居民点整治理论潜力释放的评价指标体系,据此构建了空心村整治潜力测算模型,并以山东省禹城市为例进行了实证分析。结果表明:(1)禹城市的整治迫切性、自然适宜性及整治可行性存在较大的区域差异,各乡镇的整治迫切性修正系数处于0.18~0.96之间,自然适宜性修正系数处于0.69~0.84之间,整治可行性修正系数处于0.11~0.77之间;(2)禹城市空心村整治的理论潜力及现实潜力分别为3 517.86 hm2和1 853.18 hm2,新增耕地系数达16.89%。近期空心村整治需重点挖掘市中街道、十里望镇和房寺镇的整治潜力,远期需加强其他乡镇村庄整治;(3)市中街道周围的农村居民点自然适宜性较低,可考虑将该区空心村整治后复垦为建设用地,其他乡镇空心村整治后复垦为耕地,提高综合用地效益。     

滇东南喀斯特地区植被覆盖变化及其影响因素

利用MODIS NDVI数据资料集、标准气象站点的气候数据及社会经济统计数据,辅以叠置分析、空间统计分析和相关分析等方法,探讨了滇东南喀斯特地区植被覆盖的时空变化特征及其与气候因子、人类活动的关系。结果表明:滇东南喀斯特地区植被4月上旬进入生长季而9月中旬结束,2001—2010年植被覆盖呈现出上升的趋势,NDVI增加速率为0.03/10 a;滇东南喀斯特地区植被覆盖呈增加和减少趋势的面积分别占总面积的70.03%和29.97%,植被NDVI减少最为突出的区域主要集中在人口聚集的城镇周围及河流沿线,而增加的区域主要集中在高海拔山区;气候影响因素中的水分类因素即平均相对湿度、最小相对湿度和降水是滇东南喀斯特地区植被NDVI年内变化主要的影响因素,其影响有2个月左右的滞后期,温度类气候因子的滞后期为3个月左右,其他类型的气候因子滞后期约为2个月;滇东南喀斯特地区实施的退耕还林工程,极大地提升了植被覆盖度,而城镇化过程则使得城镇周边的极低、低植被覆盖度区面积增加。     

高原湿地纳帕海土壤持水力对不同放牧的响应

选择滇西北高原纳帕海湿地作为研究对象,对生物践踏型(牛、羊践踏)与生物扰动型(藏香猪翻拱)放牧作用下的湿地土壤持水力特征进行对比研究。结果表明:(1)不同放牧方式显著影响湿地土壤理化性质以及土壤持水力。牛羊践踏型放牧下的土壤有机质、总孔隙度、自然含水量以及最大持水量、有机质均显著(P0.05)高于扰动型放牧,而践踏型放牧下的土壤容重显著(P0.05)低于扰动型放牧;(2)不同研究区域,土壤持水力对放牧的响应不同。布伦放牧区土壤最大持水力在2种放牧方式下的差异不显著(P0.05),而哈木古和伊拉放牧区的土壤最大持水力在2种放牧方式下均有显著差异(P0.05);(3)不同季节,土壤持水力指标对放牧的响应程度亦不相同。在旱季,土壤持水力在2种放牧方式下的差异性较雨季更为显著(P0.01)。研究表明,湿地土壤水源涵养功能与放牧方式、放牧季节和放牧区域有关。基于湿地水源涵养功能的保护,应取缔土壤扰动型放牧,有效调控践踏型放牧的强度并减少旱季放牧。     

Assessing the Success of “Cocoa na Chocolate” Musical Intervention in Mobilizing the Youth for Agriculture in Oyo State,Southwestern Nigeria

The study assessed the success of “Cocoa na Chocolate” musical intervention for agricultural mobilization in Oyo State, Nigeria. Responses from 160 randomly selected students on awareness, exposure, retention, perception, and constraints to utilizing its message using structured questionnaires were analyzed. Most respondents (88.8%) had contact with the album, many (55.6%) were aware of its agricultural content, heard it six times, and most (76.1%) retained the contents. More (54.9%) had an unfavorable perception of its mobilization potential, and were constrained to utilize its message by credit facilities (M = 1.0938). Workable agricultural credit schemes are needed to complement future mobilization efforts.     

基于无线传感网络的耕种机具空间力监测系统开发与试验

针对实时监测耕种机具作业中所受空间力大小,该文提出了一种能够在现场和远程实时监测耕种机具受力情况并带有提示报警的监测系统。该系统采用基于Zigbee的WSN（wireless sensor network）完成数据的采集和近程传输,采用嵌入式处理器ARM11作为现场监测终端的中央处理单元CPU,并搭建WinCE6.0操作系统,完成数据交换、处理和监测报警等功能。通过安装在耕种机具上的测力传感器,实现对耕种机具受力情况的实时检测。经土槽试验测试,系统实现了耕种机具空间力的实时监测以及监测数据的存储,人机界面交互性良好,可为耕种机具的研究设计提供技术支持。