中东呼吸综合征的流行与研究进展

本文全面介绍了MERS的疾病概况、人间及动物间流行情况,目前该病已经蔓延到全球25个国家,造成1300余人感染、近500人死亡,并有4个国家发现骆驼MERS病例;总结了世界卫生组织（WHO）、世界动物卫生组织（OIE）和联合国粮农组织（FAO）等采取的防控措施,并从病毒来源、能否人际间传播、有效疫苗和药物研制等3个方面对MERS的研究进展进行了概述。目前认为,人类MERS的传染源可能是骆驼, MERS-CoV仅发生了有限的人传人,还没有研制出有效的特异性疫苗和药物。本文还简述了我国的防控情况,并提出了相关防控建议。     

非洲猪瘟疫苗研究进展

非洲猪瘟（African swine fever,ASF）是由非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus,ASFV）引起的家猪和野猪的急性、出血性传染病,强毒株感染猪的致死率接近100%,给养猪业造成巨大经济损失。ASFV在猪群中可以快速有效传播,在环境中可稳定存在,为ASF的防控带来了挑战。研究人员一直致力于ASF疫苗的研究,迄今为止,仍没有有效的疫苗投入市场。综述了ASF灭活疫苗、减毒活疫苗、亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗、病毒活载体疫苗的研究情况,以期为ASF疫苗的有效研发提供参考。     

Using mixed methods to investigate factors influencing reporting of livestock diseases: A case study among smallholders in Bolivia

Livestock disease surveillance is particularly challenging in resource-scarce settings, where disease events are often unreported. Surveillance performance is determined as much by the quantifiable biological attributes of the disease, as it is by motivations and barriers perceived by livestock keepers for disease reporting. Mixed methods designs, which integrate the collection, analysis and interpretation of qualitative and quantitative data in a single study, are increasingly used across different disciplines. These designs allow for a deeper exploration of the topic under investigation, than can be achieved by either approach alone.     

代谢组学及其在动物营养中的应用

代谢组学是对内源性代谢物的综合评估,可以实现来自生物样品的代谢物及其相关代谢途径的分离、检测、表征和定量,以此来反映生物机体的营养代谢变化、营养状况甚至一些疾病的发展程度等。然而,代谢组学技术在动物营养中的研究起步较晚,目前尚处于起始阶段,不过随着代谢组学研究平台的不断完善,该技术在动物营养中的应用价值必将日渐突出。本文就代谢组学的概念特点、分析技术及其在动物营养中的应用作一综述。     

Identification and quantification of amines in the equine caecum

Acute laminitis has been associated with the release of compounds, as yet unidentified, produced by hindgut fermentation which affect blood flow to the digit. The objectives of this study were to identify amine compounds in equine caecal and colonic contents, some of which are known to have vasoactive properties. In addition, the concentrations of amines in caecal contents of horses fed either grass or hay diets were compared. Fifteen amines were identified in equine hindgut contents in concentrations greater than 1 microM. The caecal concentrations of phenylethylamine, isoamylamine, cadaverine, diaminoheptane and spermidine were significantly higher in horses on spring/summer grass compared with those on winter grass or hay. These data show that many amines are present in the equine hindgut, some of which may have the potential to cause peripheral vasoconstriction if released into the circulation from the gastrointestinal tract.     

玉米胚芽粕在动物营养中的研究进展

玉米胚芽粕是玉米深加工的重要副产品,我国年产玉米1.39亿吨,每年都生产出大量的玉米胚芽粕[l-2]。因其营养成分较为全面、适口性好、价格低廉且蛋白质含量高、氨基酸组成合理,因此,研究它在畜禽日粮中的饲用效果有一定的实际意义。近年来,国内外用玉米胚芽粕作为蛋白质补充饲料饲喂畜禽已作过一些研究,但研究不够系统深人[3-5]。本文主要从玉米胚芽粕的营养成分、实际应用及对畜禽生产的影响等方面进行介绍,旨在为研究畜禽的营养需要及科学配制日粮提供依据。     

研究型学院本科教学运行管理体系的构建与实践

研究型学院以培养创新人才和发展研究型教学为核心,构建适应研究型学院本科教学运行管理体系是实现这一核心任务的根本保证。通过探索和实践,初步构建了适合研究型学院的,能有效确保教学正常运行的管理体系,实现教学管理科学化、规范化、制度化,不断提高人才培养质量和管理水平。     

养殖环境生物除氮脱氮技术研究进展

随着我国水产养殖业的快速发展,养殖环境中氮的污染问题日益严重。生物除氮脱氮技术由于具有无可比拟的优势而受到人们的重视,近年来无论在基础理论还是应用实践方面发展迅速。本文总结了水产养殖中该项技术的最新研究进展,并指出今后的研究方向和重点。     

奶牛非饲草来源纤维营养研究进展

本文在总结分析国内外最新研究成果的基础上,对非饲草来源纤维(NFFS)对奶牛的营养作用和生理影响及其机理进行了综述,主要从NFFS部分替代饲草对奶牛生产性能、瘤胃草垫层和瘤胃发酵的影响,以及NFFS部分替代精料对饲料效率、生产性能和亚急性瘤胃酸中毒(SARA)奶牛生理的影响等方面进行论述,旨在为NFFS饲料在奶牛饲粮中的科学合理利用提供理论参考和依据。     

Adoption of leaf color chart for nitrogen use efficiency in rice: Impact assessment of a farmer-participatory experiment in West Bengal,India

Unbalanced and excessive use of N-fertilizers causes environmental pollution, lodging of plants and increased pest pressure, in addition to increased cost to farmers from excessively applied fertilizers and pesticides. N application at the right time and in right amount is critical for healthy plant and environment. Rice leaf color intensity is directly related to leaf chlorophyll content and leaf nitrogen status. The concept for the use of leaf color as an indicator to apply N in rice was crystallized during 1990s. The International Rice Research Institute and the Philippine Rice Research Institute developed a leaf color chart (LCC) that helps guide farmers for real-time nitrogen management in rice farming. The technology is inexpensive, and easily affordable by most resource poor rice farmers. In 2003 we initiated a farmer-participatory research to validate real-time N management in rice by the use of LCC in West Bengal state of India. After 3 years of validation research, a survey was conducted to assess the adoption and impact of LCC. The survey was conducted in both intervention and adjacent control villages and data were collected from 20% farm households selected randomly. In this paper, we report findings of the study on the determinants of adoption of LCC, and its effect on fertilizer and pesticides use.