食品消费者知情权保护中的问题与对策研究

分析了食品消费者知情权与食品企业商业秘密间的冲突,提出了解决冲突的途径,即:修改有关法律规定,使关于消费者知情权、企业告知义务以及商业秘密权的规定更加科学;最高人民法院制定相关司法解释,以司法解释的形式明确规定法律应用中的具体内容;在法律制定没有得到完善的情况下,应从公平合理的基本法理出发解决冲突。     

中国水禽产业发展的现状和问题及对策

本文以水禽产业现有的信息数据为基础,结合在全国范围的实地调查数据,对我国水禽产业整体发展现状及存在的问题进行研究。结果显示:近年来中国水禽产业发展现状表现以下特征:水禽养殖数量稳中有升,产品产量逐年递增;产业化水平日益提高,产业链由单一的饲养业向加工、物流等产业延伸;水禽产业呈现优势产区集中分布的特征,由资源优势向技术、资本优势转变;水禽产品消费需求趋于饱和边缘,产品结构亟待升级换代以扩展消费需求空间。针对水禽产业发展存在的信息和数据不清,对宏观决策与市场调控带来困难;行业标准和统一规范缺失;产业经营利润分配不均;水禽饲养技术相对落后,水资源环境污染严重等问题,提出了相应的对策。     

A heuristic optimization method for forest planning and decision making

The presented planning method searches for an optimal combination of treatment schedules for forest compartments by maximizing, in an iterative manner, an additive utility function. The variables of the utility function can be selected from parameters that are associated to the whole forest area, such as; amount of removal, costs, income, or volume of the growing stock. Partial utility functions are developed for each objective variable the total utility being a weighted sum of the partial utilities. The weights of the objectives and the partial utility functions are estimated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Development and estimation of the utility function makes decision analysis an integral part of the planning process. The method was used with a non‐industrial private forest, but the approach is also applicable to many other forest planning situations.     

城市居民茶叶消费行为影响因素实证分析——基于广州调查数据

为了研究当前哪些因素影响城市居民茶叶消费行为,为茶产业产学研提供理论依据,本文通过采纳城市居民茶叶消费行为的调查数据,使用计量经济软件Eviews3．1,运用线性模型,进行普通最小二乘法估计。实证研究结果表明：月总收入、家庭人口数、饮茶年份与消费者的茶叶消费支出成正相关,教育水平与茶叶消费支出成负相关,收入是影响茶叶消费支出弹性的主要因素。     

消费者参与食用农产品召回的路径研究

食用农产品召回面临经营者主动召回不足和行政机关责令召回时效滞后两大困境。有学者提出以消费者参与尤其是起诉来敦促召回,但梳理司法判例发现,起诉召回影响力微弱,诉讼不宜作为消费者参与食用农产品召回的首选途径。发挥消费者协会的群体力量、招募专家消费者参与召回立法、由消费者协会代替个体消费者监督召回过程,路径更为可行。为给消费者协会参与召回实施提供资金保障,有必要令召回义务人预留民事赔偿准备金,以备付召回期结束后消费者求偿,从食品安全行政罚款中协调预扣资金,与准备金余额一起专供消费者协会招募专家消费者参与召回立法。     

The role of time preferences in contract breach: Evidence from Chinese poultry farmers participating in contract farming

Farmers’ contract breach behavior is cited as one of the major stumbling blocks in the sustainable expansion of contract farming in many developing countries. This paper examines farmers’ contract breach decisions from the perspective of time preferences. The empirical analysis is based on a household survey and economic field experiments of poultry households participating in contract farming conducted in Jiangsu Province, China. A discounted utility model and a maximum likelihood technique are applied to estimate farmers’ time preferences and the effect of time preferences on contract breach in the production and sales phases are explored with a bivariate probit model. The results show that, on average, the poultry farmers in the sample are generally present biased and impatient regarding future utility. The regression results show that farmers with a higher preference for the present and a higher discount rate are more likely to breach contracts, and time preferences play a greater role in the production phase than in the sales phase. When considering heterogeneity, specific investments and transaction costs promote contract stability only for farmers with a low degree of impatience. Moreover, compared with large-scale farmers, small-scale farmers’ contract breach decisions are more significantly affected by their time preferences. These results have implications for contract stability policies and other issues that are impacted by the linking of behavioral preferences to agricultural decisions.     

乡村振兴背景下农产品直播带货的法律保障

农产品直播带货凭借诸多优势促进了乡村发展.根据不同类型对农产品直播带货类型进行区分,可将其划分为自主直播带货和他主直播带货,公益性直播带货和营利性直播带货,还有群众直播带货、明星直播带货和官员直播带货,平台自营型直播带货和平台非自营型直播带货.对农产品直播带货进行法律分析,发现公益性直播带货规制不足、直播带货统一采用强监管模式、农产品质量问题无法得到保证、消费者维权困难等诸多问题.需要完善相应公益广告法律法规,并对不同类型农产品直播带货从弱监管到强监管模式分类监管,保障农产品质量,并建立快捷纠纷解决渠道,来完善农产品直播带货的法律保障.     

我国粮食类价格体系及近年粮价变动分析

在对我国粮食类价格体系详细介绍的基础上,对近年来我国主要粮食品种的市场收购价格、国家定购价格和消费价格以及它们之间的差价进行了详细分析,认为未来一年粮价总体将出现稳定略升的态势。     

Consumer acceptance of transgenic crops

It has long been recognised that a key determinant of the future development of genetic engineering in food production is likely to be consumer acceptance. Much of the earlier research into acceptance issues has assumed that public perceptions of genetic engineering are defined by beliefs about the technology overall. However, it is now known that acceptance of novel products is unlikely to be related to general attitudes towards genetic engineering. People's perceptions of risk and benefit associated with particular products and applications will determine acceptance. There is a need to develop effective risk–benefit communication strategies, based on the best scientific information available, in order to enable the public to make informed choices about consuming the products of genetic engineering. It is also essential to develop effective communication methods if the public is to contribute to the wider debate about strategic development of genetic engineering. Issues of social context (such as trust in risk regulators) must also be considered. Providing information is likely to change people's attitudes, which will in turn generate further public concerns and create a demand for more information about genetic engineering. © 1998 SCI     

Sustainable Aquaculture Products: Implications of Consumer Awareness and of Consumer Preferences for Promising Market Communication in Germany

Sustainability issues are becoming increasingly important in Western food consumption. This research aims at identifying ways to increase the market share of sustainable fish from aquaculture by analyzing consumer awareness and preferences for sustainable aquaculture products and by drawing conclusions on improving communication in the German market. An integrative research approach was used: it began with an inventory of sustainable seafood products on the German market, followed by qualitative and quantitative consumer research, and ending with a stakeholder workshop, which reflected on the research outcome with practitioners. Sustainability and country of origin proved to be of minor relevance to the vast majority of the consumers interviewed. Indeed, attributes such as freshness, taste, and price frequently ranked higher. Like most of the other consumers, the small consumer segment that is generally interested in sustainability issues of food also often lacks knowledge of fish farming and its products. Consequently, communication of sustainability in aquaculture is challenging, and the development of this market requires concerted actions along the whole value chain, with the retail sector as the main actor.