我国蔬菜价格特征、问题及对策

蔬菜价格暴涨暴跌引起社会广泛关注。本文分析了我国蔬菜价格特征、厘清了我国蔬菜价格面临的问题及原因,并提出针对性建议。研究结果表明:1)我国蔬菜价格的季节性波动特征明显,蔬菜价格在波动中呈上升趋势,且蔬菜生产价、批发价和零售价波动较为同步;2)我国蔬菜价格面临波动频繁且剧烈、蔬菜生产者获利较少以及蔬菜产销价差拉大等三个问题;3)异常气候、近郊菜地减少和信息不对称是蔬菜价格波动频繁且剧烈的主要原因。蔬菜生产成本上升、蔬菜生产者缺少定价权和蔬菜产能过剩三个因素导致蔬菜生产者难以分享价格上涨收益。蔬菜产销分离、传统模式下中间流通环节过多等原因导致蔬菜流通成本上升,使得蔬菜产销价差拉大。基于以上分析,本文提出政策建议:加强基础设施建设和城郊蔬菜基地保护,建立蔬菜信息平台;发挥科技的降耗作用,提高蔬菜生产者的定价权,调控蔬菜生产规模和产业结构;重视销地蔬菜本地化生产,创新蔬菜流通模式等。     

Uptake of soil mineral nitrogen by Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus urophylla × grandis: No difference in N form preference

The introduction of N₂‐fixing tree species in fast growing tree plantations is a sustainable management option aiming to reduce the risk of nitrogen (N) deficiency due to a large and frequent exportation of nutrients at harvest. Differences in soil mineral N preferences between Eucalyptus urophylla × grandis and Acacia mangium may, in addition to facilitation related to atmospheric N₂ fixation, contribute to the success of mixed‐species plantations of the two species on nutrient‐poor soils of the coastal Congolese plains. We tested whether these two species differ in their preference for nitrate or ammonium by supplying either ammonium or nitrate enriched in ¹⁵N to six‐month‐old potted trees growing in an open‐air nursery. Although the uptake of nitrate tended to be higher than that of ammonium by both species, the difference was not significant and there was no significant difference between the species regarding their preferred form of soil mineral N. Despite much lower N contents in foliage, stems, and roots of eucalypt compared to acacia, the specific rates of N uptake were up to three times higher for eucalypt than acacia, which suggests that atmospheric N₂ was the major source of N in the six‐month‐old acacias. We conclude that N₂ fixation rather than complementarity for soil mineral nitrogen alleviates the competition between species in successful mixed eucalypt and acacia plantations.     

可追溯茶叶产品的认知、信任与购买意愿研究

基于646份消费者调查数据,通过结构方程模型,分析消费者对可追溯茶叶产品的认知情况、信任程度与其购买意愿间的关系.研究发现,对可追溯茶叶产品认知程度的增加会提升消费者对可追溯茶叶产品的信任程度,对可追溯茶叶产品信任程度的增加会显著提升消费者购买可追溯茶叶产品的意愿;认知程度对提升消费者对可追溯茶叶产品的购买意愿有正向影...     

Factors Influencing U.S. Consumers' Preference for Positively Versus Negatively Framed GM Food Symbols

This study explores the factors that may have a bearing on consumers' preference for positively and negatively framed symbols on food products containing genetically modified ingredients. An online survey tested the influence of three categories of variables—individual cognitive-psychological attributes, media and information-related variables, and demographic characteristics—on consumers' preference for symbols that have been framed in a positive or negative way. The findings indicated that consumers' preference for positively framed symbols was determined by their objective knowledge of genetic modification, education, and income, while preference for negatively framed symbols was influenced by objective knowledge and exposure to food labels.     

The flavor of high-quality beef – a review

Flavor of beef has been recognized as an equal quality trait to tenderness and lately high correlations between beef flavor and overall liking of beef have been demonstrated. In this review, we evaluate the effect of breed, sex, age, feeding, growth rate, slaughter method and aging on beef flavor. A common determinator for these factors is their influence on intramuscular fat (IMF) where more IMF increase the overall flavor liking. Feeding can, however, affect the flavor of beef beyond that of the amount of IMF. In several studies, pasture or pasture-based silage lead to a beef flavor characterized as fishy, gamey and grassy in contrast to concentrate-fed beef cattle. A geographical difference in flavor preferences of high-quality beef exists, most clearly illustrated among US consumers who prefer beef from concentrate-fed cattle, whereas European consumers tend to prefer beef from cattle fed a mixed diet on pasture and concentrate.     

基于消费者行为的西瓜市场营销策略研究

以北京市西瓜消费者为研究对象,从消费者行为的视角,对西瓜消费者的行为偏好和特征进行总结,基于消费者行为制定西瓜市场的营销策略：在产品策略上研发小果型西瓜、注重西瓜的口感和质量;在价格策略上保质低价;在渠道策略上拓展网店微商等网上渠道;在促销策略上开展西瓜展销活动和广告营销,以提高西瓜市场的市场营销水平,促进北京和全国的西瓜的消费市场持续稳步增长。     

赣州茶制品市场消费者行为分析及营销对策

[目的]分析赣州市茶制品市场的消费者行为,并提出营销对策,为该地区茶产业的结构调整及升级转型提供理论依据.[方法]基于计划行为理论(Theory of planned behavior,TPB)分析消费者行为影响因素,通过问卷调查得到赣州茶制品消费者相关数据,运用回归模型对消费者的消费意愿、消费行为及其相关性进行实证分析.[结果]消费意愿和消费行为受消费者人口统计学特征、消费动机、茶制品认知、产品要素、参照群体、企业营销等因素不同程度的影响;消费意愿与消费行为存在极显著正相关(P<0.01).TPB模型对赣州消费者茶制品消费行为具有很好的解释力.[建议]组合多种营销方式,提升市场扩散效果;打造企业形象名片,提升企业内在竞争力;普及茶制品知识,提高消费者认知;完善茶制品信息,提高消费者认可度;畅通有效信息渠道,赢得消费者口碑;购买渠道多样化,培育"互联网+".     

信息源信任对消费者食品购买行为的影响研究——以可追溯猪肉为例

基于北京市、西安市消费者实地调查数据,以可追溯猪肉为例,运用双变量Probit模型和二元Probit模型,分析信息源信任对消费者食品购买行为,探讨其影响因素。结果表明,消费者对可追溯食品的认知度整体不高,只有32.68%的人知道可追溯食品,购买过可追溯猪肉的比例更低,只有12.53%的人购买过;电视、网络、食品标签是消费者了解可追溯食品相关信息的3种主要渠道。消费者对可追溯猪肉的消费信心整体较高,但对猪肉追溯信息发布方的整体信任度不高;信息源信任变量显著影响消费者对可追溯猪肉的消费信心,消费信心变量显著影响消费者对可追溯猪肉的购买行为,信息源信任通过直接影响消费者对可追溯猪肉的消费信心起到间接影响消费者可追溯猪肉购买行为的效果;收入水平、购买成员、购买场所、职业、地区等变量显著影响消费者对可追溯猪肉的购买行为。因此,提出加大猪肉可追溯体系宣传力度并提高消费者追溯查询意识和习惯、规范追溯信息查询渠道并由政府发布追溯信息等相关对策建议。     

Testing an Extended Reasoned Action Framework to Predict Intention to Purchase Fruits With Novel Shapes

This study explored the influence of consumers' attitudes, subjective norms, and novelty-seeking on their intention to purchase fruits of unconventional or novel shapes. Based on the results of an online survey of consumers from around the world, and guided by an extended version of the theory of reasoned action, the findings showed that consumers' intention to purchase buddha- and baby-shaped pears was determined largely by the attitudes they hold about fruits with uncharacteristic shapes, but not by subjective norms. Novelty-seeking was strongly correlated with purchase intention. Young consumers with lower incomes were more likely to buy the non-conventional-shaped products than older consumers with higher incomes.     

甜菜硝酸还原酶基因编码氨基酸偏好及功能预测分析

利用同源序列克隆方法从标准偏高糖型甜菜二倍体纯系Ty7中获得氮素诱导甜菜硝酸还原酶基因片段,通过RACE技术克隆基因全长序列;该基因ORF长度2718 bp,编码905个氨基酸,分子量大小为102kD(ExPaSy的分子量分析),等电点为6.12,含有147bp的5'UTR和382 bp的3'UTR,Genbank上的...