Review of The Chinese Medicinal Herb Farm

Collaborative ventures between industry and professional association represent a strategy to maximize resources for a mutual goal. As a cooperative venture, The American Dietetic Association co-sponsored with Kraft General Foods, Inc. and The Good Housekeeping Institute a survey on American's diet and nutrition habits. The survey findings focused on consumer's behaviors, attitudes, knowledge and obstacles toward diet and nutrition. The results from the survey are being used to create and expand nutrition education campaings to the public.     

Seasonal diet composition and forage selectivity of Boer goats in a semi-arid gypsophilous grassland

Botanical and chemical compositions of Boer goat diets, determined with repeated collection of forage samples taken from the goat’s mouth, were studied in a gypsophilous grassland during four seasons of the year. Ten pluriparous goats were used to collect selected forage species. Shrubs were a minor dietary component throughout the year (<7.5%). Goats selected more (p?<?0.01) grass during autumn and winter (34.2–37.8%) than during spring (21.2%) and summer (29.0%). During all seasons goat diets were dominated by forbs (>59%). Diets were lowest (p?<?0.05) in percentage of crude protein during spring, summer and autumn (13.2?±?3.5, 13.2?±?2.4 and 14.2?±?3.9, respectively) than winter (17.5?±?2.9) with levels above the recommended quantities for goats throughout the year. In vitro dry matter digestibility of forages selected by goats did not differ between seasons (range 47.4–53.3%). It was concluded that in this particular ecosystem goats preferred forb species over grasses across all seasons. In addition, goats maintained relatively stable diet quality by forage-class mixing of diets.     

基于消费者倾向调查的南疆文化遗产旅游线路设计

文化遗产旅游是当前旅游的热点,文章通过文案调查、个人访谈调查、问卷调查,对新疆南疆文化遗产旅游者消费倾向进行调查,分析了当前南疆地区文化遗产旅游的主体旅游者构成,旅游者喜欢参与的文化遗产旅游项目,旅游者对南疆文化遗产旅游的实际印象及感受,对南疆地区文化遗产旅游线路进行再设计。以期能够为南疆地区发展文化旅游提供参考,并对我国文化旅游市场提供借鉴。     

Consumer Preference and Sensory Properties of the Pacific Cupped Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and the European Flat Oyster (Ostrea edulis)

ABSTRACT

Experts in the oyster supply chain (farmers, retailers, and gourmet chefs) in The Netherlands have suggested that the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) has superior sensory qualities compared to the Pacific cupped oyster (Crassostrea gigas). However, scientific evidence is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate consumer preferences for these two oyster species and to determine the sensory properties of both species by consumers. Two-alternative forced choice tests were performed with the oysters involving a panel of 74 naïve consumers. No significant differences in preferences between the oyster species were observed by the consumers. Nine sensory attributes of both oyster species were evaluated. Consumers did not observe significant differences between species in the sensory attributes: overall odor intensity, sea odor, mud odor, sweetness, pungency, and firmness. The Pacific cupped oyster was perceived as significantly saltier and more intense in greenness than the European flat oyster. We concluded that only a few sensory properties of the European flat oyster and the Pacific cupped oyster are perceived as being different by untrained consumers.     

农产品供应链信息平台的选择和使用定价策略研究

电子化农产品供应链信息平台有两类：针对农户组成合作社的专用平台（IOS）和直接针对农户的通用平台（Web）。将消费者对网上购买产品的接受程度,即价值折扣率,作为关键参数,通过建立两个平台购买的需求模型,进行合作社和农户的最优定价策略,得到农产品供应链信息平台的选择和使用定价策略,其特点是：只要得到消费者对网上购买的农产...     

Do oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) show a higher preference for ubiquitous vs. specialized saprotrophic fungi from pine litter?

Previous studies of oribatid mite feeding preferences for different saprotrophic fungi were limited to ubiquitous fungal species, whereas saprophytes specialized to decompose particular substrates have been neglected. We examined the preference of seven oribatid mite species (Adoristes ovatus, Eniochthonius minutissimus, Eueremaeus silvestris, Nothrus silvestris, Oppiella subpectinata, Porobelba spinosa and Spatiodamaeus verticillipes) for nine autochthonous saprotrophic fungi from Scots pine litter (Pinus sylvestris). Among the fungal species offered were specific coniferous litter colonizers (Allantophomopsis lycopodina, Ceuthospora pinastri, Hormonema dematioides, Scleroconidioma sphagnicola, Verticicladium trifidum, Marasmius androsaceus and Sympodiella acicola) and two ubiquitous species (Cladosporium herbarum and Oidiodendron griseum). The fungi were inoculated on fragments of pine needles and offered simultaneously and separately to the mites. Our main hypothesis, that oribatid mites (usually occurring in more than one type of ecosystems) would prefer the ubiquitous fungal species rather than those specific to pine litter, was supported only partly. The ubiquitous C. herbarum was highly preferred by all studied mites, but most of them preferred one or more of the specialized fungi with similar intensity. The basidiomycete M. androsaceus along with sterile needles were consistently avoided by all mites in all experiments. Our results do not support the hypothesis, that the “true” fungivorous oribatid mites in traditional sense are more selective fungal feeders than are the “unspecialized” panphytophagous ones. We observed no gradation in preference of fungi for oribatid mites as a group, but rather a discontinuous and dynamic mosaic with particular mites preferring particular fungal species. This heterogeneous mosaic shapes the feeding niches occupied by particular oribatid mite species and probably reduces competition for food source among numerous species coexisting in a given habitat and time.     

国外网络用户健康信息服务研究进展及启示

介绍了国外用户健康信息系统的应用现状和几个成功的实例,通过不同种类用户健康信息系统的比较,分析用户健康信息系统的发展趋势和理想健康信息服务的标准,为我国图书情报机构开展用户健康信息服务提供了新的发展思路。

     

我国蔬菜价格特征、问题及对策

蔬菜价格暴涨暴跌引起社会广泛关注。本文分析了我国蔬菜价格特征、厘清了我国蔬菜价格面临的问题及原因,并提出针对性建议。研究结果表明:1)我国蔬菜价格的季节性波动特征明显,蔬菜价格在波动中呈上升趋势,且蔬菜生产价、批发价和零售价波动较为同步;2)我国蔬菜价格面临波动频繁且剧烈、蔬菜生产者获利较少以及蔬菜产销价差拉大等三个问题;3)异常气候、近郊菜地减少和信息不对称是蔬菜价格波动频繁且剧烈的主要原因。蔬菜生产成本上升、蔬菜生产者缺少定价权和蔬菜产能过剩三个因素导致蔬菜生产者难以分享价格上涨收益。蔬菜产销分离、传统模式下中间流通环节过多等原因导致蔬菜流通成本上升,使得蔬菜产销价差拉大。基于以上分析,本文提出政策建议:加强基础设施建设和城郊蔬菜基地保护,建立蔬菜信息平台;发挥科技的降耗作用,提高蔬菜生产者的定价权,调控蔬菜生产规模和产业结构;重视销地蔬菜本地化生产,创新蔬菜流通模式等。     

Uptake of soil mineral nitrogen by Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus urophylla × grandis: No difference in N form preference

The introduction of N₂‐fixing tree species in fast growing tree plantations is a sustainable management option aiming to reduce the risk of nitrogen (N) deficiency due to a large and frequent exportation of nutrients at harvest. Differences in soil mineral N preferences between Eucalyptus urophylla × grandis and Acacia mangium may, in addition to facilitation related to atmospheric N₂ fixation, contribute to the success of mixed‐species plantations of the two species on nutrient‐poor soils of the coastal Congolese plains. We tested whether these two species differ in their preference for nitrate or ammonium by supplying either ammonium or nitrate enriched in ¹⁵N to six‐month‐old potted trees growing in an open‐air nursery. Although the uptake of nitrate tended to be higher than that of ammonium by both species, the difference was not significant and there was no significant difference between the species regarding their preferred form of soil mineral N. Despite much lower N contents in foliage, stems, and roots of eucalypt compared to acacia, the specific rates of N uptake were up to three times higher for eucalypt than acacia, which suggests that atmospheric N₂ was the major source of N in the six‐month‐old acacias. We conclude that N₂ fixation rather than complementarity for soil mineral nitrogen alleviates the competition between species in successful mixed eucalypt and acacia plantations.     

可追溯茶叶产品的认知、信任与购买意愿研究

基于646份消费者调查数据,通过结构方程模型,分析消费者对可追溯茶叶产品的认知情况、信任程度与其购买意愿间的关系.研究发现,对可追溯茶叶产品认知程度的增加会提升消费者对可追溯茶叶产品的信任程度,对可追溯茶叶产品信任程度的增加会显著提升消费者购买可追溯茶叶产品的意愿;认知程度对提升消费者对可追溯茶叶产品的购买意愿有正向影...